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'The Progres sive Farmer is a good paper far above the aver ageand possibly trie best advertis ing medium in N. C." Printers' Ink "The Progres sive Farmer is a good paper far above the average- -and possibly the best advertis ing mecium in N. C ' i-Tinttrs' Ink. Jld'O THE INDUSTRIAL AND EDUL r)XAL INTERESTS OF 0U3 PEOPLE PARAMOUNT TO ALL OTHER CONSIDERATIONS C ST. . :E POLICY. RALEIGH, N. C, AUGUST 18, 1896. Vol. 11. No. 28 MOGfiESSIYl Tb ttf TTTi j I 1 ( t - M v w M Lit rFS NATIONAL FAitMHiO If ANCE AND INDUSTRIAL UNION. :o3idert Mann Page, Brandon, :-re -President II. C. Snavely, Lc-b ... To tafv-Treasurer- R. A. South T r rh, Denver, Col. EXECUTIVE BOARD. :j t. T. v.ickq. Huron. S. D. : W P. TVvcer, Cgan Station, lv ; J. F. Wil Kansas; W. L. Peeke, Ga. JUDICTART. f v. A. Southworth, Denver, Colo. . Vv . Beck, Alabama. ;;. D. Davie, Kentucky. 1 .TP. CAROLINA FARMERS' 6TAT3 ALU AKCE. President Dr. Cyrus Thompson, liichlands, n C. Vice-President Jno.Grauamfiviage vay, N. C. -Wrtary-Trcasuror W 3. Barnes, U laboro, N. C. Lecturer J. T. B. Hoover, L'Jm Cy, :t iward Dr. V. N. Sea well. Villa i i -.liinlasn Kev. r. li. jnassey, iar IV -or -keeper Gee. T. Lane, Greens- " Vtant Door keeper Jos. E. Lyon, ! IrVrham. N. C. I Spr,eint-at-Arma A. D. K. Wallace, ! Ru-h-rforitoa, IN. C. r3nre Business Agent- l. ivey, tins ' Trustee Buainos3 Agency Fi f ? r.him Mfumrclah. IN. C. Fund W. r a, v, 1 r IXICTTIVE TOMXimE OF THE NOLTH PaEOLIXI FARMERS1 STATE ALLIANCE. F. Hilernan, Concord, N. C. ; N. C. English. Trinity, N. C. ; Jame3 M. Mcwborne, Kins on, N. C. r.AIS iLUAKCS JUDICIARY COMMITTEE. John Bradv. Gatesville, N. C. ; Br. J.F. Harrell," Whiteviile, N. C. ; T. J. Dinuler. Acton. N. C. turtle Carolla Reform Prec Association. CraJ. L. Rc.mtcy, President; rion Butler, Vice-President ; W. 8. BiT.iS, Secretary, PAPEKS. nrw-lve Farmer. State Organ, N. 0. Hickory, N. C WLI takers, N. C. Braver Dam. N . C. Lsmberton, X. C C ha-rJotre, M. C. i'W: rd, N". C. VhAlio-o, N. C. iQnr Hume, iTa;i o above-named papers are rwcs'ed to keep ike itit standing on :.c first yage and add other?,, provided Ik'y r,re duly elected. Any paper fail :?.jtc advocate the Oca la platform uill b; ioyvcd from the list promptly. Our p?rJ 'can now see what papers are rilizhed in their interest. AG HICULTUEE. .. .. L m ; usually have tougher skin I ;r 1 Wq H-.ibla to skin diacaees than 1 I Will": t.:-. I R 1 ct-Ic-ry ia cue of the? latett novel ! tk in th? vt-etuble Hrdea. It is said ftx.-elicut quuiiiy, tender and ;7 tl'. :1 ur J. f TLvro i- farmer to six lawyers in the pAic-nt C-jrr-as. That ratio will h-ive to i'C char, god if ogricuirure ex- !'.: to receive proper recognition in : t-v i..wa of tLo land. .1 : '.t.,;-.3 are ga'her id, clear eff all u.-:-?, ira.ih and weeds and plow up f t'lj i ,r;i acd seed with ciimaou clover. if T..:;v:;l prevent washing and j the I iv- I ' r next year's crops, j liv- vrry tree ia a clo-e grower and 1 0..-vhen panted cio:er together 1 thin : -.'.chta and other trees. Thry j n:iy 12 feet apart in the row, J-i: t row fenouid be 1 feet apart. ; i -j d asiies are too valuable a feriil iz:r lc waatcd. Fur the crchaidand j t:rr; thy are tapeci'iily valu : .vtcr on the suiTace and either t f.ce under previous to irriga i; : ore afraid of work; if you v r-tabihty of purpose; or if you ar : - ed of the fuise notion that "ii tc.ko care of them. Ives, do j A j into the buainess of poultry -V L.r collar and harness should 0e a' ;l iltted as we fit shoes on our Z :v! i. la buying p. collar, many i ir-- . re quite as irnpoi tent. jtatocs are not to be dug with Lur.i;rarftrs V crown amODK juC'a -a pre lit, an generally wilh TfJtt-r tiiivantago than among corn. t n, die down before frost in rt-'h''c)rn, and after the potatoes '(-turnips have ail the plant food l: ' :n ivt.-6. But there is another f 'uf-e the stirring of the soil re- wVtJ0pS plant o0( ttnd kil18 many 5 C Vrp 9 tur"ips and giving thoae which 1 1 terrain o t ... . & u eiier chance to mature. CRIMSON CLOVER. Correspondence of the Trotii essive Farmer. Grand 1? a inns ilich. The value of crimson clover for the purpose of fertil z'ng crops ia r.ho chief eubj ct of thought by farmt r at this time. Reports received from all parts of Michigan abow that crimson clover pasaed the winter well and an immense crop of hay ar.d seed were saved Criman clover i a native of Italy ai-d other parts of Southern Eiropt It ia not new to this country, out only re cently begun to attract attention. Crimson clover is an annual, and m ist be down in ita proper season. This ex leuda from the first of August until the last of October. The seed goMiiiufi'u' very quickly, and it groves very rapid ly, and makes a good fall, winter and early spring pasture. It stands the winters better than the common red clover, and yields djubletho amount of hay and seed per acre. It seems to flourish in all soils and make? a goi d boo posture. Tne hay is of extra fine quality as a fertil' z ?r and land restorer. It has no equal, and its great value lies ia its ability to eeud its deep feediDg roots fp.r in the subsoil to gather and briDg tr the surface elements of fertil ity that would be otherwise lost. E irly in May, in this latitude, the blooms ap pear and the fiild changes from a deep to a brilliant crimson, making a eight to behold and to remember. Its great beauty is not surpassed by the finest llDwer that blooms, in yard or garden. L Staples. The O itario Station of Canada says that in a trial of a steam power milk ing machine at that station, a man and a boy, using the portable engine for power, milked twenty sixcows in about twenty six minutes This is certainly q lick work, and for large dairies it would pay, if it dea the work well But for the general farmer the old way is not likely soon to be superseded. WHY TflE SILO PAYS. LTntil every farmer has a silo, it ia in order to preach the silo, so we oeg those who have siloa to bear with us if we ee.m to repeat self evident truths, lie member what an awful lot of preach ing it takes to save a few sinners, and have patience; or do better, help ua spread the truth. 1. The ado sorca away corn more safely and more permanently than any other plan. Sdage is practically fire proof, aLd wili keep in the silo indefi nitely. 2. Crn cm be made into silage at lees expense than it can bo prcseivcd m any other form. 3 The silo preserves absolutely all but the roots of the coru. 1. Silao can be made in sunshine or in rain. Unlike hay, it is independent of the weather. 5. When corn is ready for the silo there ia but little farm work pressing. 0 Corn ia worth more to the dairy as silage than in auy other form. 7. At least one third more corn per acre may bn fed oa silage than on dried corn ptaika or fodder. S Corn ia fed more conveniently as s:'age than in any other form. '.) Silage ia of moat value when fed in combination with other food richer in protein. It is not a complete food. 10. O -ving to its succulence and bulki nesa, silage is the beat known substi tute for green grass, end ia there-fere ea;:ecmliy valuable as a winter food. Jersey Bulletin. It is never a good practice to grow two root crops in succession on the same land. It can only be done by vory heavy manuring to supply the fertility that the preceding crop has taken away. Gardeners who grow roots generally manage to grow them in alteration with crops that do not draw so heavily on the land. Tne onion crop can bo grown on the same land ;n bucceision, but the onion i3 not proper ly a root. FINDING THE QUEEN. It used to bo a great deal of bother for me, says E Dvenort, in Ameri can Bee Journal, to find queens in pop ulous colonies sometimes, but it is not much now, for I can find a laying queen in an eight or ten frame hivo with four or five minutes' work, no matter how populous the colony, or what kindof a queen it is; and al though the method I practice has been described before, perhaps it might be of interest to some beginners for me to give it again. As I remove the frames from the hives I look them over for the queen, and if she is not found readily (and with me it is seldom) the frames with the bees are all placed in an empty hive close by, or hunp; on a low rack made for this purpose. If there are many bees left in the hive, they aro shaken out in front; an entrance guard ia now placed at the entr&nce and the bees on the frames are shaken efi in front of the hive. As the bo s on each comb aro shaken off, the comb is pluc?d back in the hive, and when all are in the cover ia put on, and next hive contain ing a queen to be found ia treated the same. If cue has a number of queens to find, by tho time the last hive has bt-'on gonv over the queens of the first hives treated can bo rcudily found in front of their l.ivea amjmg the few Urea that huve not gone in. I have never as yet lost a q ieen by this method, but I will say for the bent fi: of beginners that thia method should not be practiced during tne cool weather ia the ( p-ing or late in tho fall after q icons have stopped laying MORE ABOUT SUBSOILING. The question of subaoiling is begin ning to attract tho attention of farmer all over the country. A few years ape when I bought a eubsoil plow and com menced to use it, I was made fun of Now some of our beat farmers and hor ticulturists are a i vising the use of sub soil plows. This matter is one that must bo de termined by conditions. A deep rich loam, which tho ordinary plow will not reach through, and those soils with a loose, sandy or gravelly subsoil, would not be benefited by subsoiling. The soils helped are those having a st:fi clay bottom, with a shallow soil above, and those having a gravelly subsoil These require deeper stirring than can be given with common plows The ob j ct of the work is to loosen this hard bottom, and by letting the air get to the lower layers, they are greatly im proved and gradually chaoged by it As to the depth, this will depend large ly on tho soil From 10 to 20 inches if aivis d. I think it' would be beat in central Ohio to begin by subsoiling lo inches, gradually increasing the depth each time until 10 to 2) inches have been stirred. All the bli fi lands along the rivers and creeaa have more or lee of thi3 &t 11 clay subsoil, and whciv these lauds have become worn from long cultivation, subsoiling would be of great benefit and would largely in crca?e the crops. TY.e work iti done by following the ordinary plow, running the subaoiler in the boUum of the furrow made by it. Tiie f-ubsoil plow does not throw the dirt out ur on top, but simply stire up the bottom, leaving a loose mellow b ;d to be covered by the next furrow of the first plow. Tnis loose bed a fiords good drainage in wet weather, tho deep furrows carrying c 11 all surplus wa'e,r. In dry weather tbey will gather moist lure from both below and above, thus fctermg up a supply for feeding the roots of crcp, much longer than the same s)iis will do under cur eld system of cultivation. So the subsoiling is p:ood for either wet or dry seasons, and if the work ia done in the fall, the loose beds will gather enough moisture to enable early crops to bridge over dry season 3 and niiko a fair yield. M.jd-i farmers know that oa much of our land we turn over the top soil and scrape along on the bardclav or gravel bottom, which becomes more compact each season. It is hard to get the plows down into this hard layer, and if we could, it is not desirable or prUkable to turn the layer up on top. Thus we see at once tho importance e-f the sub soil plow. Another great advantage in subsoiling is that such soils will hold manure twice as long as iong as they did before. There is no chance for the manure to wash out. It ia taken up in solid &ud graduall5r worksdonin this Ijoso bed, where it is held until con eumed by the growing crops. Thia let ting down of the manure and top sqU and air, ia the prcc sa which gradually changes the whole character of the land, and with a pr p?r rotation of crops and a few good crops of green manure turned under, we would soon have a deep rich soil, instead of only a few inch?s of top or surface soil. Sab soiling has shown ita value perhaps more largely on root crops than on others. This work on the sMls I have described has increased the yield of root crops at least one third. Tho philosophy of subsoiling ia so plain that we can readily see its advantage, and it is a practice that will soon become common. F. S.White, Iowa, in Ameri can Agriculturist, WEEKLY WEATHER CROP BUL LETIN For the Week Ending Monday, Aug 8, Central Office. Raleigh, N. C. The paat week has been on the whole the mo3t unfavorable of the entire season. The conditions of extreme heat and drvLess, which began over two we; ka ago, continue unab ited. While the man temperature has been c-nly from 1 to f) degrees above the normal per day, the max mum again reached over K 0 di grees. Showers occurs d at half d.rziu points on the 2J and 31, but were altogether- nsUlbient in amount ; the eklidency for the State for this weik n-tly 150 inches. Bright sunshiue prevailed. The ? fi cD of these eonditu ua on crops haa been bad in all districts ex n pt ct s ome points in the southeast portion and iu the mountiic oua stt. ious. Cotton continufs to de terior.iV; very many correspondents report that boJla and leaves are shed ding btily ; at places the plants are wiitin- ; no top crop seems to be form ing; the crop is opening too rapidly. Although it is easy to overestimate the damage to cotton, all evidences show that it has been considerable. Scill if good rains occur this week there will bo some recovery. Corn has also been inj irod, and late corn will be a failure without rain soon. Much of the fodder of the old crop has been pulled, and much is drying on the stalk before it can be stripped. Curing tobacco is now progressing everywhere. Much firing ia reported, and farmers are pulliDg lower leaves, which are curing bright but thin and light. Although peas, sweet potatoes and peanuts are good, they need rain badly. Sowing turnip seed baa been stepped. The conditions are becoming serioua, and there has been an uafortucato decline from the fine crop prospects of two weeks ago THRESHING CLOVER SEED. An "old sur.seriber,, asks bow to thresh clover in order to save the seed wb.--- no clover hullercan behtvd. TL only meats we can suggest will be to gather the crop and store it in a barn, and then after it has sweat out and dried again to thresh tho seed out with a ll il ia the old fashioned way in which wheat was threshed before the advent of the threshing machine. After threshing, shake out the long clover, and then riddle the seed through a sieve Moat of the seed will still remain ia the hulls, but will not grow any the worse for this. It ia i nly necessary to sow so much more per acre - Southern Pianter. FARM DEBTS WEST AND FAST It ia generally purposed that inert gage indebtedness on farms is larger as the West than at the East, accounting for the interest taken by western farm crs in free silv. r coinage as a means of relief from their heavier burdens But the last c:n?us report tells a diiEerent story. Tho percentage . of debt . in lllino's is 31; Indiana, 30; Kansas, 35; Michigan, 32. Minnesota, 3L; Iowa, 33; Nebraska, 32 In the eastern States we tied New York, 13; Now Jers3y, -HUM; Pennsylvania, i 05; Daiaware, 11; Connecticut, 40 01; Rhode Island, 42 10. Tne number 1 f families owning arms free from encumbrance is con siderably larger in the South and West than in the E st. Country Gentleman POINTING A MORAL. The Southern Farm has b2en labor ing diligently for a number of years to induce their readers to raise their sup plies on their own farms. Fn q lently, however, has its ardor been depressed when men high iu agricultural circles relied altogether on the WesD for hay, grain and meat. As these gentlemen were men of intelligence and character, their example with the masses was more tff active than all the logic and reasoning of Tne Farm. But as a faith ful sentiuel on the watchtower, we re iterate our admonition to the farmers of the South to raise ad needed sup plies on their own premises if possible. The lamented Robert Toombs was thor oughly impressed with the importance of pursuing this policy. Oa one occa eion he pointed his belief in this doc trine as a fixed principle in a signal manner. In Hancock county, Georgia, thero resided in days of yore a gen tleman noted for his generoua hospital ity and public-spirit (t he race has not died out in that county yet), and he occupied the position of Vice President of the Georgia State Agricultural So ciety at the time. Aa was his custom during court week he invited the mem bers of the bar and farmers attending the court to dine with him. Meeting his warm friend, Hon. Robert Toombs, on the street, he asked him to dinner. Mr. Tocmbs, in a serious tone, although thero was a merry twinkle in his eye. replied, "I am not going to do it, Ben; I wili not dine with a Vice President ' of the State Agricultural Society who purchases his bacon in the West " This home thru'at did not mar the friendship exiating between the two men, but the lessen had ii3 it-flu'nee on many who acknowledged that Mr. Tocmbs had a correct idea of what waa the right policy for the Southern farmer to pur 8ii.?. Riisealltho supplies you need' Southern Farm. SEASONABLE HINTS. If you conclude to thresh have extra help in tho house while the threshers are abrut. The "extra work'' in the house should be divided as well as that in the field. If you can do no other way suggest that the wife charge work with the neighbor's wife thresh ing day. It will pay. If you si,ck up the grain aa you thresh don't wait till the machine is ready to start up before seeing whether you have enough bags that are whole. Too much care cannot be used about a steam thresher that sparka do not set tiro to the straw or grain stacks. Have a barrel of water handy and a few pails of water standing about on different sides of the stacks If fire catches do not lose your head, but use it and the water supply judi ciously in putting out the flames. An extra man on tho straw stack will more than pay in the better condition in which the straw will be stacked. We believe in saving tho straw, even if you do not need it to feed. Do not burn it, under any circumstances. Western Rural. - ADD TO YOUR FAITH KNOWL EDGE. Where ignorance is bliss, 'tis folly to be wiae, but where ignorance ia loss, it- it is folly to be otherwise. There are many farmers.truly observes the West ern Agriculturist, who imagine they know all that is worth knowing about live stock until they begin reading some stock and farm journals. Then they realize that they could mors profitably have better bred stock, and they find it pays to adopt the improved methods of feeding and management as shown in these journals in the expe rience of others, p.nd to keep in touch with the progress cf the world in breed ing, feeding and farming, to learn the requirements of the markets and no longer raise inferior stock that sells for less than the cost of production, and abuso tho times and the markets when we might raise nigh grade stock that sells for double as much at the top of the market. xivja stock:. THE IMPORTANCE OF THE REC ORD. So far as history informs us, all of the improvements that have been made in domestic live stock have been by careful s. lection and miting of animals of the same blood, or by a like selec tion and crossing of animals of differ eut blood. As a rule it has taken years to make what are now called purely bred animala ; animals that arG superior in certain desirable qualities, and that are certain of transmitting these quuli ties to those lacking in tho points de sired. It ia well known that animals not purely bred (usually called com mon or grader), however perfect in good qualities they may be, will not certainly impart their better qualities; in fact are more apt to reproduco the in ferior than the euperior.lt has been said that the common stock could be profit ably improved by the introduction of blood partly pure bred, but at the time this waa possible tho c?mmon stock waa indeed coram jn. Now what is caUed "common" ia greatly superior to that formerly so called, because pure improved blood has been intro duced in a more or less degree into all of our herds and flecks. Associations for the registry of pure ly bred animals havo made it possible for a wonderfully certain and rapid improvement in all domestic stock, for opportunity ia given the inexperienced breeder and farmer to secure blood that has the guarantee of registry aa to purity, and it enables the experi enced breeder to so regulate the cross ing of blood that his aims as to tho quality of the animal he produces are certainly and quickly real zjd. In the sheep industry we now have an interesting examp'o of the benefits of registration. The wool bearing sheep must for the time at least, be trans formed into thoae that will produce mutton. To do this with celerity it is only ncesary to cross thtm with tho pure blood of mutton producing ones, thus improving the quality" now wanted, though it be to the injury of the quality formerly desired. It is altogether p"obib!e, however, that in the early fmuro the wool qualities will again be the desired aim. When wool production ia again re quired, tho breeder having animals that have been muttonized by the uso of known blood, may the more quickly return them to what they formerly were. To make thse changes of pro due ion, from wool to mutton, and again from mutton to wool, or in fact for making any changes for certain improvement, it is imperative that tho breeder sbail know exactly what ho is doir-g. The ue o of recorded animals or their immediate olf spring ia the only safe method. Many breeders of goo'd muttcn sheep have sadly neglected their registry or have not recorded them at all ; South down breeders have been especially heedless in this matter. If such breed ers desire to receive the full benefits of the present demands for sheep they must get themselves into line with pro gressive breeders. Unrecorded stock cannot bo certainly relied upon for good results, and its purchase cannot be recommended. Indiana Farmer. HOW TO TREAT A MAN. When a man dropa from sheer ex haustion or illness, promptly seize an end board or a cart stake and pound him on the head and on the rits If this docs not recuperate him, kick him violently in the belly. This treament will restore him, if persistently admin istered If a mm finds hs load too heavy and feels that it will seriously strain him to proceed, kick off a fence board and knock him down and ham mer him thoroughly with the board. This will give him renewed energy, and he will make no more fuss. But do no1; on any account reduce the load. That will look too much like common sense or humanity, and ho will be like ly to balk again when overloaded. If a man refusss to drink when you offer him water, don't give him any water for two days. That will "teach him" to be thirsty at any time you find it convenient to attend to tr'm It is a good p':an to ply the whip frequently on a man who ia at work. No matter if he is doing hia best, hit him new and then on "general principles," and to prevent him taking any comfort. If his load is not heavy, oblige to go enough faster to make up for it. Work him hard enough to bring down tho average life one half, a7 id done with horaes. If no whip ia handy, use a club Tie your man's head back in an unnatural position, with his cyea to ward tho sin. Thi3 will givo him a "fiu appearance" and "prevent stumb ling.'' Of course, ho will not be able to do as much work in this fix, but it makes him wretckeJ, so it is all right. Ia winter remove his clothing to "prevent his taking cold," He wili also "dry quicker" when ycu overwork him. You mu3t hang a blanket on his back (but leave hia neck end limbs ex poseJ) when he is at work. Men thus treated are "much healthier" than when allowed winter clothing. If not perfectly convenient to feed u man who is working for you at noon, let him go without, an I by active use of the whip secure as much work as the food would have secured. Of course, it wears out his vitality and diatres3es him. but that ia no matter. Put tight shos on your man and keep them there until he is very lame with corns. To change hia shoes costs money, not much, but some, and lame ness and misery are of no account if you can save a dollar's worth cf shoes a year. When ycu hire a man do not b hampered by any humane notions. Gat all you can out of him. True no bility consists in getting money, not in decency or kindness, or what ecmi noodles term "character." Get money, even if it is alk blocd stained. These, aro correct principles, I am sure, for I learned them when a colt, from my maater, who treated all hia horses oa thia plan and don't he know what'ei what? A Horse, in Humane Journal. It ia an idle practice for beo keepers to feed swarms during a honey blow ia order to forward storing. When the sweets can ba obtained from the flow era it is useless to try to "feed" the bees in any other way. They prefer Flora's freeh nectar, and will gather and store it in the combs, ignoring all other food which can be placed before them.
The Progressive Farmer (Raleigh, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Aug. 18, 1896, edition 1
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