Newspapers / The Progressive Farmer (Raleigh, … / Feb. 2, 1897, edition 1 / Page 1
Part of The Progressive Farmer (Raleigh, N.C.) / About this page
This page has errors
The date, title, or page description is wrong
This page has harmful content
This page contains sensitive or offensive material
"Tha Presrea gire Farmer is a good paper far ibove the average--and possibly tee best advertis ing medium ia N. C' Printers' Ink. "The Progres sive Fanner is a good paper far above the average- -and possibly the best advertis ing; medium in N. CY' Printers' Ink. A Tin UXTTTTi TTh IK W H HC ! JLlliHJ'UJLlliJiJIU'kJ'J. V JH r 1 1 it I 1 1 1 1 1 1 II ii it i H lyXV-lLJLJ JULUO 'mSZm ' I THE INDUSTRIAL AND EDUCATIONAL INTERESTS OF OUR PEOPLE PARAMOUNT TO ALL OTHER CONSIDERATIONS OF STATE POLICY. . . " Vol. 11. RALEIGH, H. C, FEBRUARY 2, 1897. Ho. 51 t i i . ANCE AND INDUSTRIAL. UNION. president Mann Page, Brandon, V Vice-President H. O. Snavely, Leb- anon, Pa. , . rt a Rnnth. irortb, Denver, Col. EXECUTIVE BOARD. t y wn tTiit-iti fl D. : W. P. Bricker, Cogan Station, Pa. ; J. F. Wil letta, Kansas ; W. L. Peeke, Ga. JUDICIARY. 3. A. Southworth, Denver, Colo, B. W. Beck, Alabama. IL D. Davie, Kentucky. 1 WOT CAROLINA FARMERS' 8TATB ALLI ANCE. President Dr. Cyrus Thompson, Bichlands, C. Vice-President Jno. Graham, Ridge way N C. gJiretary-Trsasurer W. B. Barnes, Hillsboro, N. C. Lccturer-J. T. B. Hoover, Elm City, NBteward-Dr. V. N. Beawell, Villa qow, N. C. Chaplain-Rev. P. H. Massey, Dur ham. N. C. Door keeper Geo. T. Lane, Greens vr r Assistant Door-keeper Jaa. K. Lyon, Durham, w. Sergeant-at-Arms A. D. K. Wallace, Rutherfor itoa, N. C. State Business Agent T. Ivey, Hi-ls boro, N. C. " tjv. a xjtr Trustee Business Agency Fund VY. A. Graham, Machpelah, N. C. firUUTIYE COMMITTEE OF THE NORTH CADOUNA FARMERS' STATE ALLIANCE. A. F. Hileman, Ooncord, N. C ; N. 0. English, Trinity, N. C; James M. Mewborne. Kins on, N. C. rTATB ALLIANCE JUDICIARY COMMITTEE. John Bmdy, Gatesville, N. C. ; Dr. J.F. Harreil. Whiteville, N. C. ; T. J. Candler. Acton. N. C. garth Carolina Reform Press Association. OmceraJ. L. Rarrisey, President; Barnes, Secretary, PAPERS. fTtzneslve Farmer. State Orgin, Raleigh, Caucasian. Jf.1 Hickory, N.C. N.C. N.C N.C. 21 ' WhitAkers, Oar Home. Beaver Dam. The Populist, Lumberton, The Peopled Paper, Charlotte, The Vestibule, , Concord, The Plow-Boy Wadeeboro, Carolina Watchman. Sailsbury, N.C. N. C. N.C N.C. N. C. N. C. Each, of the above-named papers are ftqruestea to keep the list standing on is first page and add others, provided iQ to advocate the Ocala platform xcill ztyple can now see what papers are zihlihei in their interest. AGR1GULTUBE. Saalight is a great tODic and health giver. No stable should be without a window on the sunny side. II w to co operate to a practical pur pose ia what farmers most need to learn &3 a means of general progress. The ciop dppartment of the State of Iowa reports a loss of over 30 per cent, of all the hogs in Iowa by cholpra The money loss ii stated to be $15,000,000 Dd not plan this winter to plant arjy one kind of a fruit tree in a solid block ; be euro and mix the varieties. Other wise the orchard will never bear as it should. When it ia time for any sort of work tD done push it along as fast as pes eiblo. Never let it push jou. It costs no more to hire ten men one day than one mn ten da s. The number of farms in the United State. R'Nrding the ccnu8 of 1890, was 5 594 611, of which 2 269 728 were cultivate b their owners. Totalarea ia ftirtc?, 0i2 218 619 acres. Th-re ib one thing to be remembered in farming ihat defp and thorough plowing h fertilizer to the land and muciof the cultivation alreadj dote tefor - the crop is planted. He Jea are oat of date. Many divis ion lints need no b urier, and miles of fere: and wall might better be taken down. B it there is no excus3 for wast ing rods of good land to grow a sirag fctubby hedge. Havo a warm workshop on the farm. S-ica a pla jo is the pre per resort for -to aajs Do not wait until the busy fcf-k.-j n before doing your mending and repiin;lt. Brace up the harnesses and old too a and wagons now. Tre G-rman potash salts era not -aj3iic p jt&h, hence they do not dis sjpate ammonia by hastening fermen titioa when applied to manure. In ;ad, they form a compound with tbe i3im)ni4, thus helping to keep it from asbiug. Tne nitrate of potash tbus formed 13 the most powerful fertilizer known, and it ia one that can be ap pned to nearly every kind of crop or fruit with benefit THE FARMER'S CREED. Correspondence of the Progressive Farmer. We believe in email well tilled farms; that the soil must be fed as well as the owner, so that the crops shall make the farm and the farmer richer. We believe in thorough drainage, in deep plowing, and in lavor saving im plements. We believe in good fences, barns con veniently arranged, good orchards and gardens, and plenty of home raised hog and hominy. We believe in raising purebred stock ; or in grading up the best to be gotten until they equal the thoroughbreds We believe in growing the best vari eties of farm crops, and saving the choicest for Feed. We believe in fertilizing the brain with phosphorus as well as applying it to the soil. We believe in the proper care and application of the barnyard manure. We believe that the kx ss fertilizers are of little value, unless accompanied by industry, enterprise and intelli gence. We believe in rotation, diversifica tion and thorough cultivation of crops. We believe that every farm should own a good farmer, and that every good farmer will eventually own a good farm. B Irby. Prof of Agriculture, A. & U. College, Raleigh, N. O. PEANUTS FOR CONSUMPTIVES. The Journal of Hygiene states that Dr. B.ewer has a new idea concerning food for consumptives. His treatment consists of inhaling the fumes of vine gar and the eating of peanuts. He gives his patients as maoy peanuts as they can eat without injuring their digestive organs. Two young ladies, who had been the rounds of doctors till they were nearly dead, were put on this treatment and recovered. Con corning these cases, Dr. Brewer says: "I now recommend feeding (do not laugh) peanuts. One would think this a very indigestible diet, but they crave them, and ic hae always been my policy to fitd out what my patients desire to eat, and unless it ia too unreasonable I humor them. Both young ladies have become quite plump, and after a year's inhalations have ceased coughing, and I pronounced them well. Tne peanut was long known as an excellent fat producer, and much more agreeable than rancid shark oil that oftentimes is eold for cod liver oil. Wnile not all can digest peanuts, a great many even with feeble digestions eat them with out diecomfort. It beats the Koch lymph, end ia the most satisfactory treatment I have ever tried for these diseases." SALES OF FARM PRODUCTS ABROAD. In the last report of the Secretary of Agriculture, attention is called to the fact that during tbe last fiscal year the exported products of American farms aggregated a value of $570,000 000 That ia a gain of $17,000,100 over the preceding year. DuriDg the fiscal year 1896 agricul tural products make up only 6 per cent, of the total exports cf the United 8cates, as against 70 per cent, in 1895, 72 per cent, in i894, and 74 per cent, in 1893. But the reason of a relatively decreased value of A per cent., with an increase in tbe absolute valuation of agricultural products shipped in the year 1896. amounting to $17 000 000 more tban these of tne preceaing year, 1895, ia 6olely due to the unprecedented sale abroad cf An erican manufactured goods and commodities, the exports of which from the United States jumped from a valuation of one hundred end eighty-four millions of dollars ($184, 000,100) in 1895 to two hundred and twenty eight millions of dollars ($228, 000 000) in 1896 Ic 18 admit ttd by all economists that general prosperity depends absolutely upon agricultural prosperity. Tne largest market for tbe pn. ducts of agri culture and for the products of the manu actories is admittedly the home market. It is, however, true, that the export trade is the regulator, the bal ance-wheel, for domestic trade. There fore, ic follows that the interest of the manufacturer, as well as of the farm ereis found in the most rapid p ssible increase of the export of farm products. By sucb exportations farmers and those engaged in subsidiary arts, who consti tute nearly one-half of the population of the United States, and who mainly create the demands of the home mar ket for manufactured goods, will have an increasing power to buy those goods. On the other hand, the imported prod ucts of agriculture are limited in num ber. They are mainly sugar, wool, hemp, ceffee, tropical fruits and nuts Any commercial system which will increase with celerity and extend with certainty the export of farm products from this country will be of utmost ad vantage to agriculture and all those in terested in its profitable expansion. And that political economy which best advances the interests of the agricul turists furnishes the beet impetus to the manufacturers of the United States, because when the prosperity of the American farmer is established by vir tue of constantly increasing sales of his products in foreign markets, normal and legitimate protection will have been secured to the American manu facturer, for his best customers are farmers and those engaged in occupa tions which depend directly for profit upon the prosperity of farmers. m m 1 w MISCELLANEOUS NOTES. Experiments in Europe with wheat, oa's and fertilizers showed that stable manure proved to be a much more economical fertilizer than artificial potato manure. Artificial manures applied to crops cultivated during the growing season only proved remunera tive with copious irrigation. The ash content of the sugar beet has diminished under cultivation, since a high sugar content corresponds with a low ash content. The ah content of the leaves has not been iifluecced. The ash and nitrogen contents stand in in verse ratio to tho sugar content. The potash content of the beets and leaves was increased by an application of pot ash; and a corresponding effect upon the soda content was produced by an application of soda. In connection with the duty on to bacco in Eagland, an investigation was made by H. Miller as to the sugar content of the dried and green leaves. The presence of sugar in fresh tobicco was first ascertained by J. Nessler. At the wholesale houses, twelve samples were selected from the original pack ages; these were all of a pale color, and except the Virginia, Kentucky and Algerian, were known in the trade as '8un dried" tobacco. Toe following is a list of tbe varieties, with the percent ages of sugar found: Algerian, none; Kentucky, none; Greek, a trace; Turfe ih, 2 3; Syrian. 2 8; Chinese, 3 5; Vir ginia leaf, three samples, 5 4, 7 2 and 9 8; Bright Virginia, three samples, 10.6. 12 5 and 15 2 per cent. A repeti tion of tbe experiment confirmed the above results. In a series of fertilizer trials on the Burdwan Experimental Farm of 21 acres, sandy loam, in India, in which cow manure, castor cake, bone meal and nitrate of postash were used, the highest yield per acre were as follows: Winter rice, 4 673 poucd-; rice straw, 6,377 pounds, from an application of bone mal and nitrate of potash; and jute, 1,721 pounds, from an application of cow manure. The largest return of sugar on six twelfth acre plats of sugar cane followed an application of bone meal. The largest yield of potatoes, 19,(30 pounds per acre, grew where cow manure had been applied. The potatoes were remarkably good in quality. RAISING ONIONS FOR MARKET. By a Successful York State Specialist Onion growing may be divided into culture in the kitchen garden, the mar ket garden, and on the farm. In the market garden the first thing under consideration is tbe sjiI. Tnat best suited for the onion is a dry, sand; 1 jam. not wen. or soggy, for if ic is you will have nothing but scullions at the end of the season. Take a pitce of land that has had early potatoes, and at soon as these are dug, haul on plenty of well rotted barnyard manure, spread eveoly; plow, not too deep, but jmc deep enougb to cover the manure. Tnen s iff rye on it at tbe rate of six bushels per acre. Don't be afraid of sowing your rye too early in the fall. Don't plow too early in the spring, but give tbe rye a chance to scare. By plowiog it again m the spring you g-1 ail your manure on top, just where you want it for onions The root of onions are al near tbe surface. After going over it witb a good smoothing harrow, the ground is n ady for the seed. Mike the rows 18 inches apart; they m'gnt be nearer, but I think lhis near euough, because it gives a better chat ca to worfe them with a d mblehoe When the onions are about 4 incben high sow on wood as be 8 at the rate of 100 ousbels per acre broaocasc. I never tnin my onions, but leave tbf m as the drill so 8 tnem. Harvest as soan as the cops die, and sow rye as in the fall previous ready for another y ear'n crop if tbese directions are followed I promise you a floe crop of onions. American Agri culturiit. HQBTICULTURE A NEW INSECTICIDE. At the annual meeting of the Asso ciation of Economic Eotomogists, Mr. A. H. Kirkland, of Maiden, Mass., de tailed the discovery of a new insecti cide, the arsenate of barium, used against caterpillars. Experiments made with it upon foliage showed its burning point to be at about the rate of 20 pounds to 150 gal Iocs of water. Tne foliage tests were made upon oak and apple. On hornbeam the burning was more marked, yet not sufficient to cause any great injury. In experi mentiog with lanse a definite number of the insects was confined by means of thin cloth bags upon foliage sprayed with a known proportion of tbe lnt-ec-ticide. In the case of larvae in the secocd, third and fourth molts feeding upon foliage sprayed with 3, 4 and 5 pounds to 100 gallons water, all were dead in a few days. With the fifth molt larvae from 10 to 20 pounds were necessary 10 kill all the insects in from six to eight days, ehowing, as in insec ticice experiments of past years, that the resistance to poison increased with the age of tbe caterpillars. Duplicate experiments, tried after larvae had reached maturity, gave less satisfac tory results, on account of pupation of a considerable part of the insects in volved. About 200 larvae were used in these experiments, and where any were fed for four or five days upon foliage treated with the poison at the rate in dicated, death ensued in nearly all cases. From results of this season's experimental work it would appear that arsenate of barium is probably the best arsenical compound yet used against the gypsy moth. A limited number of experiments upon the lan se showed that 5 pounds to 150 gallons were sufficient to destroy the caterpil h.rs in from four to eight days. jJV"I STOCK, DISCIPLINING I HE COi-T. Vrry mauy svxjic owners unknow ingly expose their colts to injury by allowing them to run be3ide the mare when the latter ia driven on the road. Tnat is is a bad practice can be easily seen. As a rule the ordinary drive is entirely too much for the soft muscles, producing often a life long injury by overtaxing the young animal. At the same time the colt roams over th road at will, going from one side to the other, into the ditch and out of the oitca, thus establishing a habit, ano later, when put into harness to get bin firet lesson in driving, it will try to d ho same thing to the disgust of tht driver. The running of the colt at large upon the road is a nuisance both to those driving its mother and other travelers If the colt must go with its dam it ought to be haltered and hitched by the side of its mother; it thus learns restraint and is early taught to keep the middle of the road ; but even then a colt should not be taken on a long drive, as it may injure him perma nently. What this country needs is higher prices for 1 arm produce. There can be no prosperity unless the farmer i mak ing a living. Increasing the army and building new battle ships wont do it And the little rivulets might be omit ted when the river and harbor bills are log-rolled through. WORKING BUTTER. Correspondence of the Progressive Farmer. One of tbe errors in dairying tbat is constantly coming tithe front relates to working butter. Time and again it has been demonstrated that the less butter is worked the better the butter will be, other things being equal. Working butter can under proper con ditioLS and practice be entirely dis pecsed with, though it is doubtless quite as well to work it enough to get out surplus water. Yet if the granular system of churning is practiced and no other system should ever be prac ticed and ample time taken to allow the water to dram out no working will be needed ; or at any rate only enough to bring tbe butter into eolid condition. While the above has been taught and re taught for nearly the past quarter of a ceniury, it is by no means an uncom mon event to pick up an agricultural paper and have your eye light on an article in its dairy department in which some mention shows that the writer of the article did not know tbat all the butter milk should be washed out of butter while the latter is in the granu lar state, and if this is done, there will be none left to be worked out. If all the butter milk has not been washed out, you can set it down for certain that the attempt to wash it out will re sult in breaking the grain of the but ter. As mentioned in a former letter, there is not much satisfaction in always pounding away on one string, but this matter of working butter or woiking it too much is one that calls for line upon line and precept upon precept, and eve a then there will be found plenty of people who will lock the but ter milk up by mashing the butter be fore washing out the butter milk, and then in attempting to work out the lat ter spoil the former. Not only that, but persons who set themselves up as teachers will rehearse such practice in their writings for the agricultural press. If there ia any reader of this letter who is engaged in butter making that does not know how to practice the granu ar system of churning, let such person look into the matter at once and become familiar. P. W. Mos&lby. Clinton, Iowa. CONTRACTING BUTTER. How to Secure a Good Average Price the Year Round. There is scarcely any farm butter maker having a reputation for making a good article and living within a few miles of an ordinary western country town who cannot find a regular cus tomer or customers who will take but ter the year around at a good price which will be a good round average price for the year, says the Homestead. All that is necessary to make contract ing of this kind easy is that the butter maker establish a record for having everything nice and clean, and for pro ducing a quantity that is both good and uniform. Tne price that can be secured in this waj is always considered better than the ordinary way of selling to the grocer or store keeper. As a practical question, it is subject to only one draw back, and that is from the side of the customer. We have known a good many town people who contracted for their butter this way and a very com mon complaint among them was that they always get their butter if the price to be paid was a little better than the stores and groceries were paying, but when, with the change of tbe sea son the price rose until the store keeper or grocer was pay ing a little above the agreed average price, the butter maker very commonly reported that the cows were failing and he did not have any butter to deliver under the contract. Of course, if one practices this species of dishonesty he will find it difficult to make contracts of this kind for regular delivery, and a reputation not only for cleanliness and good uniform quality is necessary, but also a reputation for strictly carrying out contracts as made YOUNG CHICKS. Toung chickens must be kept grow ing if the most is made out of them. Young chickens being finished for market should be fed separate from the other kind of fowls. Weak legs come from forced growth, high feeding and close confinement, but it is not necessarily dangerous. ' Care must be taken to keep the drink ing vessels of the youDg chickens clean, or else sickness and general unthrif ti neas will result. Do no. attempt to keep too many ch ickens in a flock ; more money can be made from a small flock well kept than from a large number neglected. If the test profit is to be realized from raising early broilers for market, it is very important that they be made ready for market in as short a time as possible. Broilers ought to average two pounds each when sent to market, and if they are kept healthy and thrifty and well fed they will weigh taia by the time they are tt n weeks old. The fetding has an important bearing on this. Wnen first hatched they should be fee every two hours; this should be Kept up until they are ten days old; after tnis, feeding five times a day will be sufficient. It is always an item to feed liberally, to give all that they will eat up clean, but no more than this should be given, as it will only add to the cost without corresponding profit. Feed somecbing of a variety, as this nelps to keep them witb a good appe tite. Very little exercise is needed when they are grown especially for market. Keep clean, give pure water and wholesome food so as to maintain good health. Southern Cultivator. LETTER FROM DUPLIN. Correspondence of the ProgreFslve Farmer. Duplin Co, N C. The average farmer and farm laborer are too busy "fighting the wolf from the door" to take much thought of public affairs, much les3 have we time to write about them. Bat I do wish to express my approval of, and, to remark about some things and doings which I see in The Progressive Farjier of January 12th; and this I will try to do with brevity. First of all, let me say, I believe Trns Progressive Farmer is the beet paper published m North Carolina. It is clean and truthful, fearless and faithful, ex posing error and evil and earnestly de fending truth and right. I have never known but one public act of the editor which I thought was wrong; that was when he vacated the editorial chair to give place to Mr. B. Cade. I thought this was a mistake, at the time it oc curred, and so wrote to Col. Polk, then in Washington City ; and I have in my possession a letter dictated by him, and written by Mr. H. W. Ayer, in re ply to mine, which I very much priza. I am glad to see our Duplin men (Maxwell and Ware) are right on tho Senatorial question. We cannot sup port Mr. Pritcbard for the Senate. We do not object to him hecause he is a Republican, but simply because be does not represent the views and true senti ments of a majority of the voters of North Carolina on one of the most im portant issues of the country, namely, that of the money question. Two years ago we supported him, believing that he was in sympathy with and would act in the interest of (he masses. But his course since his election has been such as to convince us that party obli gations are more binding upon him than obligations to the best interest of his constituents, hence how can we support him? We have been mocked and deceived by our public servants (so called stctesmen), until we are un willing to trust him who has the least suspicion of unfaithfulness. We need man who have the courage of their convictions men of firmness and de termination incorruptible. But why not this legislature fix freight and passenger rates on all roads in the State! The capital invested in railroads is before them (or attainable). The incomes and expenditures are also at hand. With these facts before them, they could fix freight and passenger rates that would be just to the people, and j ist to the railroads. I believe they can and ought to do it. If I am not mistaken, in former days, toll bridges and ferry ways were limited and regulated by the legislature ; and even to this day the grist or grain mills of our country are limited and only allowed to take so much for grinding the people's grain. I like S. Otho Wilson's suggestions about school books. The books now used in our public schools, cost about 2& times aa much as other books of same size and value. The State should publish the books and furnish them at cost. I have already largely intruded upon your space, but I want to say some thing of one or more measures, that is, I do not believe a majority of the vot ers of North Carolina want the State to establish a reformatory for young criminals. My first objection is, that the claes (or race) that furnishes nine tenths of the young criminals pay scarcely any taxes at all. Surely, then, it is not just to lay thia burden upon the people for the benefit of those who contribute so little towards defraying the ex panses of the State. My second ob jection ia tbat those persons whose ago make them responsible to law have already undergone training (or a lack of training) which has fixed their habits and character for life, and noth ing but the power of the Gospel of the Son of God can reclaim or reform them. Shall we ask the S;ato to take up this work? I think some of those who have been foremost in recommending the measure will find imbedded in their peculiar principles strong objections to the same. I believe the whipping post at home would be more effectual and much cheaper. Tnere are some who want the State to do everything until it cornea to own ing and operating railroads, telegraphs, etc , then they are quick to cry "paternalism." R J. Walker. P. 8. Since writing the above, I have heard that Senator Pritchard ia re elected. R J. W.
The Progressive Farmer (Raleigh, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Feb. 2, 1897, edition 1
1
Click "Submit" to request a review of this page. NCDHC staff will check .
0 / 75