The Progres
jlre Fanner is a
rood paper fax
Zbove the ayer
g.tre and possibly
tne best advertis
ioz mediam in N.
C. Printers' Ink.
The Progres
sive Farmer is a
good paper far
above the average-
-and possiblj
the best advertis
ing medium in H.
C." Printers' Ink.
E
0
THE INDUSTRIAL AND EDUCATIONAL INTERESTS OP OUR PEOPLE PARAMOUNT TO ALL OTHER CONSIDERATIONS OF STATE POLICY.
Vol. 12. RALEIGH, I?. C, AUGUST 10, 1897. " ITo. 27
fliSA
&KCE AND INDUSTRIAL
UNION.
president Mann Page, Brandon,
Va
Vice President 0. Vincent, Indian-
ftpretary Treasurer W. P. Bricker,
Oogan Station, Pa.
LECTURERS.
J P. Sogpamon, Charlotte, N. C.
Hamlin V. Poore, Bird Island, Minn.
F. H. Peirsol, Parkersburg, W. Va
NATIONAL EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.
Mann Page, Brandon, Va ; R. A.
South worth, Denver, Col.; John Bre
nig, W. Va. ; A. B. Welch, New York;
W. A. Gardner, Andrew's Settlement,
Pa.
JUDICIARY.
a. A. Southworth, Denver, Colo,
W. Beck, Alabama,
k, D. Davie, Kentucky.
OAEOLISA FAEMEBS' 8TATH ALLI
ANCE. president Dr. Cyrus Thompson,
jlchlands, C.
Vice-President Jno. Graham, Ridge-
Sectary-Treasurer W. a Barnes,
urlr-jTT. B. Hoover, ElmCity,
Sward-Dr. V. N. BeaweU, Villa
a0(Sapia?n-Rev. P. H. Masaey, Dur-
Doorkeeper Goo. T. Lane, Greena-
soro, N. C. -r th t
Assistant Door-keeper Jas. E. Lyon,
!er1Sn?atCArins- A. D. K. Wallace,
Sutherfordton, N. O.
etateBusineaa Agent T. Ivey, Hills
toro, N. C. m. j tit
Irjstee Business Agency Fund W.
4. GraharQ, Machpelan, N. C.
okjutive ooiciittzs of the kosth
CaSOLTNA FARMERS' STATE ALLIASCX.
A. F. Hileman, Concord. N. C. ; N.
0. English, Trinity, N. C.; James M.
tie w borne, Kins on, N. C.
i?A73 ALLIANCE JTJDICIABY COMMITTEE.
John Brady, Gatesvflle, N. C.; Dr.
.F. Harrell, Whiteville, N. C; T. J.
Gandler. Acton. N.C.
Saitts Carolina Reform Press Association.
G&cert-J- L. P, Presidmt;
3ar3, Secretary,
ZSZZg? Ffcrmer sute SSSfc S: &
?Kry Hickory, N. C.
& Home. Ber Dm, N. C.
lie Populist, Lumberton, N. C.
ae People's Paper, Crlti5' j n
fne Vestibule, Spn' 5 n
fie Plow- Soy. WJulf5' 9r
roilna Watchman, bailsbury , Is . C.
Such of the above-named papers are
jested to keep the list standing on
U fint page and add others, provided
elated Ann naver fail-
j (o advocate the Ocala platform wa
droned from the list promptly. Our
stczU can now see what papers are
-ilished in their interest.
AGRICULTURE.
The real cost of keeping eheep ia
comparatively much less than that of
anv other farm stock, for, to make
pork, a great proportion of the food
. m A 1
consumed 13 cash gain, ana to mte
b?pf huttpror cheese, nearly every
thing used ia that which would bring
money in the market,
Thn Western Plowman gives the fol
lowing sensible advice whick North
Carolina farmers will do well to heed.
It fcsye: ' Secretary Wilson thicks
that tha hog cholera can be ''abolished''
and will study the thing from A to Z.
Ithaa been etudied already, but the
more it is studied the worse it is. Feed
leas corn, breed from more mature
stock and keep the hogs under health
ful conditions are all the science there
is to the subject.
An Indiana farmer who markets pigs
keepaa mixture of a bushel each 01
charcoal and wood ashas and a peck
each of salt and sulphur ( Ul well pul
ver z -d) where the pigs can get it at
will, and in sixteen years of experience
l . t r
ne nas never had a case or cnoiera. tie
never lets a pig intended for market
grow to bo a hog, and he sells nis proa-u-t
at one or two cents above the mar-
fest because he never lets his pigs be
cane too fat to furnish a good proper
tion of lean meat.
Thi3i5NorLh Carolina's haying sea
son aiid every farmer should see that
fcia hay mow ig filled to overflowing,
ita the flae soils and seasons which
toe Stats possesses, it is a shame, and
al;no9t a disgrace, that so many of our
Iarnaers are compelled to spend their
hard eamM P!vtrinra tnhnv hftv durins
Bumcaer. The average farmer never
toinks of usine anv but natural grass.
Han old "bottom" gets almost worn
On w ... . ,
brooms 11a ihnt
ay- Our farmers should try some of
In ft K4. . ...
. - meadow grasses and note tne
Urease of their pocket-book.
CRIUSON CLOVER.
Correspondence of the Progressive Fanner.
Crimson clover is a native of Italy
and other parts of Southern Europe. It
was first introduced in this country
several years ago by the late Dr. Hava
dine, a florist of Delaware. Being a
great lover of flowers, he was attracted
to this plant by its beauty, which is
hardly exceeded by the finest flower
that adorns yard or garden. The beau
tiful deep green which may be seen all
through the winter when not entirely
covered with snow, grows deeper and
brighter as spring advances until early
in May, when the flowers appear and
the field charges from a deep green to
a brilliant crimson, making a sight to
behold aad to remember. At firet its
value as a forage plant was not under
stood, and as a soil restorer it was un
known, and the progress of the plant
at first was rather slow. Every one
admired its beauty and numerous plots
were grown for ornamental purposes,
but years elapsed btfore farmers awoke
to its value as a regular rotation crop.
Crimson clover is now successfully
grown in all parts of the Union. It is
good for hay ; yields two to three tons
per acre. It is valuable for seed, which
it produces in large quantity ; makes a
good fall and winter pasture and is a
good bee plant ; the honey is very white
and of excellent quality, but its great
est value lies in its ability to store up
plant food, and at the same time sends
down its deep feeding roots far in the
subsoil to gather and bring to the sur
face elements of fertility that would be
otherwise lost. Crimson clover is an
annual, and must be sown in its proper
season ; this extends from the first of
July until the last of September. One
peck of seed are usually sown to the
acre.
If any of the readers of The Pro
gressivk Farmer would like to give
this clover a trial, I will send them a
trial package of seed free by mail if
they will send me 10 cents in stamps to
pay postage. I would recommend
so wing the seed in July or August if
ground is ready. Every flower garden
should have a bed of crimson clover,
as the plant is strikingly beautiful.
Carl B. Clise
Columbus, Oiiio.
WHEN TO CUT HAY.
At-a farmers' institute at Upper
Sandusky, Ohio, L. W. Hull read a
paper on hay which contains some
points on hay making that should be
remembered by every farmer. The
writer knows that Mr. Hull under
stands how to make good hay, for we
have worked eide by side in the. big
meadows of his fathers farm many a
burning summer day :
"Hay has become one of the fixed
marketable products of the farm. We
depend upon it as a part of our income
as much as upon any other product, or
feeding and fattening stock. While
bay has been marketed for a number
of years, until is has been the surplus
left over in the spring, and not made
with the intention of selling. We must
admit that, to a large extent, the hay
has been handled in a haphazard way
by both buyer and seller not handled
upon business principles the same as
other product:- no standard established
or guide for the farmer to go by. All
business will regulate itself. If the
man does not regulate the business,
the business will regulate the man.
The time is not far distant when hay
will be bandied in the same business
way as any ether produce we market.
Because, in the past, you have been
succeesful in getting as much for No. 2
hay as your neighbor got for No 1, it
will not always be wige to go on the
principle that 'the fools are not all
dead,' for while that may be true in
many instances, they go out of busi
ness. The farmer has learned that it
pays to get anything he may have to
sell in as good marketable condition as
poseible. The same principle applies
to hay. The shipper can no more get
a first class pries for No. 2 hay than he
can secure a first class prrcs for strong
butter, smutty wheat, unsound corn, or
half fat and crippled stock.
"Tne' first thing to consider is the
best time to cut hay. There is a gen
eral theory that when the seed has
formed and the heads turned brown is
the best time that it has better feed
ing qualities, etc. Whatever argument
can be produced to prove that theory,
the fact that such hay will not bring in
market within one or two dollars per
ton as much hay as when cut greener
will affect any argument that can be
produced. When we deal with the
public we have to give the people what
they want, and when we consider the
fact that by the time this hay reaches
the consumers in the New England
States it costs them from fourteen to
to sixteen dollars per ton, we cannot
blame them for requiring and exacting
a good article. One argument produced
by the farmer that ripe hay is better is
it weighs more. You know that the
farmer is great for weights. .That
theory does not hold good. If we thrash
a ton of bay we get about three bushels
of seed 135 pounds but we must
allow something for the weight of new;
formed seed, say 25 per cant. Allow
25 per cent, for loss of seed, shelled out
in baling, and that leaves a gain to the
seller of 56 J pounds per ton. Hay at
17 per ton would mike a gain of 23
cents, and have a ton of hay worth 12
less. Hay bought on its merits would
make a loss to the farmer of $1 77."
BUYING BRAN.
' A great many dairymen find them
selves obliged to use mill product?, and
especially bran, duriDg the winter and
early spring. There is rarely a season
when it does not pay, Under euch cir
cumstances, to make the purchase in
the late summer and fall. Bran run
ning but 20 pounds to the bushel is a
very bulky product, and its storage re
quires a great deal of space. The mills,
in preparing for the season, are glad to
get rid of the bran in order to e:we the
space it occupies, and for that reason
will generally sell it at aconsiderably
lower price per ton than if they them
selves are obliged to hold it over until
early spring, and then sell it in the
face of the brisk demand that usually
springs up then. The rule is, and for
a good many reasons has been, that
when bran is needed it pays to buy it
in the fall in bulk. Western Plowman.
A NEW CORN PRODUCT.
Prominent among recent discoveries
is the fact that corn pith placed be
tween the inner and outer shells of
armored vessels will, if a shell pierces
the vessel, swell so rapidly by absorb
ing water as to close any opening and
prevent the vessel being flooded and
perhaps sunk. In securing the pith,
the blades and husks are removed and
the stalks cut in small puces. After
extraction of the pith from the stalk
the balance is ground into meal,
which in general appearance re
sembles coarse bran, dried malt sprouts
or brewers' grain. This ground mate
rial is called the new corn product and
100 pounds of it contains 11 pounds
more total digestible matter and 2
pounds more digestible protein than
than whole fodder shredded ; as much
digestible matter as corn blades, and 3
pounds more total digestible matter
and one half more digestible protein
than timothy hay. Animals fed with
a fattening ration with the now corn
product "base made more gain in live
weight and upon less feed than with a
fattening ration of the same grain and
corn blades. Biticns made up with
the new corn product can be fed with
less labor and less waste of feed than
when hay and fodder are fed separately
as ordinarily practiced. The keeping
qualities of the new corn product are
as good as linseed meai, cotton seed
meal or wheat bran.
This new corn product is in such a
shape that it can be easily and uni
forrnly mixed with any kind of ground
grain or any of the by product cattle
foods so common on the market. By
the use of this corn product es a base
it is possible to mix a complete and
noimal ration for stock in one bulk
and which can be fed at one feeding,
so obviating the necessity of feeding
grain and hay separately. This has
not been heretofore possible with any
class of food products on the markets
in the shape in which they existed.
Rations mixed in this manner are as
staple and possess as great keeping
qualities as cotton seed meal or wheat
bran. Cows and steers would lie down
and chew their cud as naturally as
when fed hay or in pasture. Bulletin
43, Maryland Experiment Station,
Midsummer is the best season for
thinniDg all the larger fruits. Just be
fore the seed begins to form nature
does a good deal of this thinning, and
it is perhaps as well to wait until all
the fruit that will naturally fall has
fallen. Then pick off the surplus fruit
wherever it seems to be superabund
ant. In most cases this thinning does
not decrease the amount of fruit be
cause it so largely increases the size of
individual specimens. It ia the best
fruit that always pays best. That al
ways means fruit that has been judi
ciously thinned.
FOOD FOR THOUGHT.
Some Things Upon Which the People of
North Carola Need to be Aroused.
In spite of his tendency to speak con
tinually of war memories, Col. T. B.
Kingsbury occasionally forgets him
self and pens some sound sense about
other than military matters. His jour
nal, the Messenger, recently had this
to say:
TharNorth Carolina people need to
learn the importance of raising every
thing consumed by them. They Leed
to learn to make their home manures.
They need to be taught how very im
portant it is to have good roads. They
need to understand that it does not pay
to cultivate any but improved lands.
They need to learn that only capable
and honest men are properly qualified
to be public servants. But probably
the road building deserves very special
attention. After education, it is per
haps the uppermost question for them
to consider. The building of good roads
is a positive necessity. A really good
road law is what the State needs. A
law ia needed that will insure a general
movement in all of the ninety six coun
ties in behalf of road building will set
the machinery to work all over the
State. The convicts of North Carolina
should be utilized as the road builders.
We notice that our able contemporary
at Norfolk, Va , The Pilot, is urging
the road question with its usual force
and earnestness. It recently said of
Its State:
11 We want no more mere road talk;
we want more than mere legislative
acts; and we must have laws that will
direct and compel tfiijient action
actual work of improvement on the
roads."
It urges the use of the convicts and
the "jailbirds" as well. It insists that
this, or an equally good system.
' 'should be inflexibly imposed on every
county, without exception, with full
liberty, however, to supplement it as
may seem best by the supervisors of
every county."
J AUGUST ON THE FARM.
Dog days are at their height now and
those who have neglected their haying
will have to finish it at a time of jear
when hard work is most irksome, and
when the grass is of decidedly inferior
quality.
Seeding down of land to grass is now
in order ; it is the time when mcst of
our grass seeds are ripening and conse
quently has the merit of being nature's
seeding time ; unfortunately, however,
our artificial seeding 3 must be made,
not with the freshly ripened seed, but
with seed at least one year old, and
not unfrequently mixed to some extent
with what i3 still cider, and with the
seeds of various foul weeds. To secure
ourselves against the disappointment
entailed by so wing inferior seed it is well
to buy of seedsmen of well established
reputation, who have an equal intereet
with the farmer in selling only satis
factory articles.
In seeding land regard should be had
to the quality of the soil; thus sandy
plains and gravelly land should be
seeded with early ripening grasses such
as June grass, orchard grass and red
clover ; red top also will thrive on sandy
land, but as its time of ripening is con
siderably later than the above, it is
better to sow it with eome of the later
grasses or alone. Rad top- will also
thrive on very moist swale land.
Stror g clayey land is better suited to
ths growth of herds grass (timothy)
and clover, though we are inclined to
doubt the wisdom of sowing the two
together on the same land as has been
the common practice of New E iigland
farmers. The clover is in season for
cutting nearly three weeks before tjie
timothy is in beat condition, and for
this reason it would seem wise to sow
some early ripening grass, such as
orchard grass, with the clover, and
some late grass, such as red top or
fescua with the timothy.
The farmers near our seashore and
mountains now find an excellent mar
ket close at hand in the crowded board
ing houses and hotels. Fresh eggs,
broilers, small fruits, fresh milk and
cream, and good vegetables, such as
lettuce and beans and sweet corn and
early potates, find ready sale. Many
farmers favorably situated find more
profit in catering to the demonds of
the summer boarder than in sending
their produce to a larger market
The blueberry and huckleberry are
now in their glory, and many jolly
picnics will be organized during their
season. In picking them, however, it
is now necessary to take some care to
find out whether the owners of the
- - w WMVMa S S VB y
in many places the berries have some
value upon the bushes. The high bush
blueberry is a fine fruit and worth cul
tivating. The market gardener is now busy
cleaning off his early peas, beans, beets,
onions, etc , and sowing spinach and
lettuce seed and planting celery upon
the cleared land. Spinach seed sown
this month is usually cut up in the fall
for sale or storage.
During the comparative leisure of
this season is a good time for an cuting,
and there are few people, we believe,
who need the change and profit more
by it than the farmers. Massachusetts
Plowman.
rOULTBY YAJKlJ
A LADY'S OPINION OF POULTRY
RAISING.
Though many women are awakening
to the fact that poultry raising pays,
there are thousands of others who, if
they knew how well it paid, would
surely engage in it. There is nothing,
perhaps, wnich pays better, according
to the amount invested, than poultry
raising.- Liet every woman, wno ae
sires to engage in something that is in
teresting, that will not take her away
from home, and which pays in dollars
and cents, try raising chickens. For
years I have been experimenting with
chickens, adding more to my flock
each year. Not by buying the chick
ens, but by raising them.
A few years since I tried purchasing
eggs from pure bred Bun: Cochins.
They hatched well, and my hens were
large beauties, and generally good
mothers; but they are not extra good
layers, and,' as eggs are the great fea
ture ia this business, I determined to
try the rose combed brown Leghorns.
I found them to be ju3t what I wanted.
I bad "lots and lots'1 of eggs from my
Buff Cochins, white Lghorns and "de
scendants" of Plymouth Rocks. My
hens were large, and a neighbor and
I exchanged eggs "six of one and
half a dozen of the other."
v Hers were almost full blooded, rose
combed brown Leghorns. The eggs
hatched well, and now the majority of
my hens are brown Leghorns. A friend
told me that they were hard to get to
sit, but I do not find them so. On the
contrary, mine have to be broken of
sitting, just like other hens, and they
make excellent mothers; they ere so
"gritty" that I fancy a hawk would
have a difficult time getting a chicken
from a brown Leghorn hen. She would
fight for a chick where a Buff Cochin
would simply ruffle her feathers and
"squawk."
Perhaps one reason why my ' Leg
horns are not wild is because I am with
them daily, from the time they are
hatched until they are old enough to
4 'en gage in business; and I really be
lieve they look upon me as their "bene
factor," when, in reality, they are
mine.
If you want to raise chickens which
are egg producers, raise the rose
combed brown Leghorns; if you want
to raise chickens to sell, or that will
mature quickly and make early broil
era, raise Plymouth rocks. As prices
are now and have been for the past
three or more years, there is more
money made by selling eggs than chick
ens. There is no reaeon why you
should not do both; it pays to keep
two breeds of chickens. If you cannot
keep but one, I would advise you to
idvest in brown Leghorns.
The best feed that I can give my
hen3 in the morning is a hot masb, if
the weather is cold; and when the
weather is cold is when eggs are high.
Use table scraps and any scraps of
meat that have accumulated. If you
had a boiled dinner yesterday, and
found more liquid in the dinner-pot
than you cared to use, do not throw it
out, but heat it up, adding the table
scraps, bits of meat, cooked potato
parings until tender, and pne dozen red
peppers crumbled fiaev Into this stir
one part wheat bran And two parts
corn meal until a stiff not a sloppy
mixture i3 obtained. I use a patent
chicken food and obtain the best re
sults. Some of my neighbors have
been amazed at the amount of eggs I
have sold during the cold winter
months when eggs were nigh. I at
tribute it to the patent food and good
care. Of course I cannot name the
article, as it would flavor of "free ad
vertising," but don't be afraid of patent
foods 1
In this age when everything has to
be proven and tested, it is only the best
that will stand, and you can, by in
quiry, soon find the best patent chicken
food; then follow printed directions
and note results. In the evening, just
before the chickens go to roost, feed
plenty of corn, or corn and oats.
Of course one cannot expect good re
sults if the business is neglected, or if
the chickens are given a drink of water
occasionally, and then made to "scratch
for their living." Many a case of chol
era(f) is only another name for neg
lect in regard to food and water. Keep
the drinking vessels clean and filled
with clean water; warm the water in
the winter In the summer, change the
water as often as it becomes hot. Last
year I had about eighty hens and I
sold, according to my "cccount book,"
jast twenty dollars and ten cents'
worth of eggs, and twelve dollars and
twenty five cents' worth of chicken?;
total, thirty-two dollars and thirty fivo
cents. I did not "count" the chickens,
and eggs for sitting, that I gave away
to cyclone sufferers, either. I hatched
about four hundred young chickens,
used many dczens for the table, and
had by the middle of January, late fall
chickensk-that were just right to fry.
For several years I have had ycung
chickens to fry all winter long, and
they are very nice. Of course, they
are hatched in the fall.
Some one may think that the, sum
realized from the sale of eggs last year
is not-very large in proportion to the
number of hens kept. Remember that
I hatched over four hundred chickens,
and every egg was furnished by my
biddies; besides, dozens upon dczsns
were used for table purposes. The
dozens of eggs consumed at home far
outnumbered those sold.
Poultry raising pays from another
point of view. It takes one outdoors,
into the fresh air and sunshine. If ypu
are tired of doing fancy work and
'this, that, and the other" fad has bo
come monotonous, make up your mind
to try poultry raising. Begin in a
small way, if you must, but add to
your flock each year, and see if it doe3
not pay in more senses than one. It
is not, necessarily, hard work, and yet
the work -will-not bear neglect. In
this business, as in all others, eternal
vigilatco is the price of success; and in
whatever we undertake we always find
that "there is no excellence without
great labor." Minerva R. Bond, in the
Housekeeper.
LIYESTQGK
HORSE MARKS AND TERMS. -
A white spot in the forehead is a
star.
A white face from eye to eye is a
bald face.
A white stripe in the face is a blaze.
A stripe between the nostrils is a
snip.
A white eye is a glass eye.
A horse has pasterns, not ankles and
there is no such j iat as a hind knee or
fore shoulder.
White below the pasrn joint is a
white pastern. Above" the pastern a
white leg.
White around the top of the hoof is
a white cornet.
A star, . blaz9 or bald face can't ba
anywhere except on the face. A snip
can't be anywhere except on the nose.
Amble, a gait like pacing, but slower,
in which the two legs on the same side
are moved together.
Appel, the gentle tug on the rein
given by the horse at each step.
Croup, that part of the horse back
of the saddle.
Bore, to bear on the bit.
Bucking, leaping vertically into tbo
air with all four feet, and coming to
gether on the ground. '
Elbow, joint of foreleg next above
knee, lying next to horse's side.
Forearm, that part of the leg be
tween the elbow and knee.
Forge, to strike the toe of the fore
foot with the toe of the hind one; very
often the result of bad shoeing.
Frog, a triangular piece of spongy
horn in the middle of the sole of the
foot.
Grinders, the backleetb.
Hand one-third of a foot four
inches.
FOR CATTLE-MEN.
What seems to be a revolution in the
beef cattle business is a new. system of
stalls which entirely obviates the ne
cessity of dehorning the animals for
feeding purposes. The stalls are said to
be very simple and inexpensive. Tho
Bovine Stall Company of Cincinnati,
Ohio, will send a handsome book called
"The Turning Point" describing tho
system, free, to any one requcctfns V
1