"Tbe ProgresH
&t Farmer ii a
the aver-
gpiad possibly
c best adTcrtia
g medium in N.
qJ. printeni' Ink.
"The Progres
sive Farmer Is a
good paper far
aboTe the average-
-and possibly
the best advertis
ing medium in II.
Cr Printers Ick.
MtOGtESSlfl
i M J
J M M I
l '"O
THE INDUSTRIAL AND EDUCATIONAL INTERESTS OF OUR PEOPLE PARAMOUNT TO ALL OTHER CONSIDERATIONS OF STATE POLICY.
Vol. 12-
RALEIGH, If. C, NOVEMBER 16, 1897.
Ho. 41
"IT. NATIONAL FAREJERS' ALL1
fB ANC2 AND INDUSTRIAL
UNION.
Resident Mann Page, Brandon,
f Vice President O. Vincent, Indian-
T r Z1?
i'&tary Treaaurer-W. P. Bricker,
gan Station, Pa.
j P 8oPamon, Charlotte, N. C.
qamlm V. Poore, Bird Island, Minn,
jr H Peirsol. Parkersburg, W. Va.
SATIONAL CXEUUT1VE COMMITTEE.
Manu Page. Brandon, Va ; R. A.
J!th worth, Denver. Col.; John Bre
vu va . A. B. Welch. New York:
A. Gardner, Andrew's Settlement,
'fa
a A. Southworth, Denver, Colo.
g. W. Beck, Alabama.
& D. Davie, Kentucky.
jBTH JaROLWA FARMEE8' STATE AIX1-
president Jno. Graham, Ridgeway,
f Vic-PreairlAnt W. B. Upchurch,
'jrrHville, N. O.
f Secretary Treasurer J.T. B. Hoover,
illsboro. N. C L
f Sate Business Agent T. B Parker,
(Lecuirer Dr. V. N. Seawell, Vllla-
ltant jjTturer vv . .
Mckev Ferry, N. C.
Chapiain W. 8. Mercer, Moyock,
I boor-keeper Geo. T. Lane, Greens-
!cro N. C. . T t T
Assistant Dovir-Keeper u as. jw,
it ham, N. C , .
ant-at- Anna A. D. K. Wallace,
Wwh. N. C. .
fmmec Business Agency Fund w.
V nranam. Machpelah, N. C.
-ECTTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE HORTH
CAB -iN A 3"ARMERS 8TATB ALLIANCE.
J. W. Denmark, Chairman, Baleigh,
; Q
John Graham, Ridgeway,-N.C.
W. B. Fleming, Ridgeway, N. O.
i F Hileman, Concord, N. C.
Dr J B Alexander, Charlotte, N. O
Theme J O dbem, Teer, N. C.
'ATE A ililANOX JUDIOIABY OOMMTTrXS.
Dr. J E Person, Pikeville. N. U.
W S Bamea Raleigh, N. C.
T. Ivev, Hillpboro, N. C.
AGEIOULTUEE.
THE LATEST FARM NEWS.
pedal Corre?pondeEce of The Progressive
Farmer.
WASHINQTON, V. J
"Toe failure of the apple crop in tbe
Drthtbi year, in combination witn
p exeetdmgly crops at Piedmont,
jgioia, and South Carolina, has
puaed great interest in apple grow
gin that section of the South," says
W. 8. Cay lor, the Assistant Po
iozidS of the Agricultural Depart
pt. "I have jaat returned from a
fin tn that, t-ocr inn tv-- --o
I' VU' & M-M ww - - w.
pmee-ings of the Virginia State Hor
bltural Association which was held
connection with the recent Lynch
gFir. ' tx
'Tne prices the apple growers are re
picg are phenomenal. They are
pins from $3 per barrel for apples
la Wme8aps, New York Imperial.
3 Bea Davis, up to 15 and $6 a bit
for Yellow Newton Pippins, which
w in that section under the name of
limine xrippiua. ua uau wuum x
F last week. Mr. W. H. Boaz, of
esTiiie, Va., has sold his crop from
)3 of pippins for 20 000 and several
hvpT at ninninn have had offers of
i r f f
p u 0U0 to $15,000 for their crops.
re t-eema to De a aisposiuon, now
r, among the growers of pippins to
jfi their crops in anticipation of still
per prices.
jlhey freight the pippins almost en
p to England, and at the stations
p5 the railroad from Charlottesville
Lynchburg, the bales are piled up
A American Produce which signi
that the fruit is for export, as that
, id one Ol ine rtquireiiieuus iui
py in British ports.
Jhe orchards ot that region are
I Q'.ilerent from the orcnaras oi
r MOrrh ft n A ThAv are larcelv
untaia coves, and on hillsides,
la&(i beine quite etony and rough.
are almost eutirely grown in
lands that have a southern expos
?.acd are protected from cold wiLda
and low mountain ranges,
r fruits are grown to some ex
ltho eame-regton; peaches, m a
'fl ay, plums, and a tew pears;
.e principal fruit industry of the
f0Q ia the growiDg of winter apples.
(. Election of varieties of apples
took premiums at the Lpich
Faif has been forwarded to the
pQ 6iuare Garden, New York
ih 0r exhibition at the American
f
L . Vq aa the Newton pippin, but
It has been crown n p-rtAnaivelv
in Virginia, especially in Albemarle
county, it has been commonly known
as the Albemarle pippin. This apple
was originally grown on the old Pel
ham farm on the Hudson river, and
has since become famous as an export
apple. Being so firm, it endures trans
portation and handling much better
than any fruit of its kind.
The Division of Pomology, of the
Department of Agriculturre has in
preparation a revised catalogue of the
American Pomological Scciety, which
will be published as a bulletin of the
Department of Agriculture. Tnis bulle
tin will contain a map showing the
different fruit district of the United
States and Canada.
The Department haviDg adopted
this catalogue, or revised lists of fruits
as authority in the proper ncmencla
ture, it is desirable that this system
should be thoroughly used throughout
the country in order to avoid the cn
fusion arising from one fruit having
several peculiar names in diff erent sec
tions of the country. It is hoped that
the nurserymen will observe the rules
of nomenclature in publishing their
catalogues which will assist very much
in harmonizing the names of fruits
"The proof sheets have been rece.vsd
of an agricultural paper read by Dr. LJ
O. Howard, the Eatomologist of the
Department of Agriculture, before the
Association of American Economic En
tomologists, entitled 'Temperature cx
periments as affecting received ideas
on the hibernation of injurious insects.'
"it is a well known fact among agri
culturists and horticulturists that win
ter weather of a set degree of severity,
is more favorable to plant growth, than
an open winter with freezes and thaws,
farmers and others whether a winter
The question now comes to us all from
whicn has been unusually severe will
not have resulted in the destruction of
insects to such an extent as to promise
comparative immunity, the coming
season. We have been obliged, or at
least I have been obliged to answer
such questions theoretically. There
have been, so far as we are aware no
experiments along this line. I there
fore give tne result of recent experi
men Is by Dr. Albert M. R?ad, the
Washington manager cf the, cold 8 tor
age department of the American Secur
ity and Trust Company ; the same gen
cieman who directed tne experiments
on the c fii ct of cold storage upon house
hold insects.
Dr Read has found, in the course
of his experiments which have now ex
tended over two years, that a system
atic temperature in the neighborhood
of 18 degrees F. will not destroy the
1st Tf cftiasciTbiStfiirella"' (carpet
moih) or the attagenus piceus (black
carpet beetle; but, an alternation of
the low temperature with a compara
tively high one, invariably, results in
tbe death of the larvae of these two in
sects. For example, the larvae, which
has been kept at a temperature of 18
degrees were removed to a temperature
of frcm 40 to 50 degrees. They became
slightly active and when returned to
the lower temperature and kept there
for a little time did not revive upon
cheir restoration to a warm tempera
ture."
The Department of Agriculture is
very much interested at the present
time, in the introduction of American
butter into the markets of Great Brit
ain, with a view to competing with the
French and Danish for the British cus
torn.
To further this project the depart
ment has shipped eight 1.000 pound
lots, at intervals of two weeks, during
the past summer. The butter that has
thus far been sent, was made in cream
eries in Iowa, Minnesota, Kansas, Wis
consin, Oaio, South Dakota, Connecti
cut, Massachusetts. New Hampshire,
Vermont and New York.
The results thus far ascertained seem
to show that the Western shippers are
to get the most of the benefit from the
export trade because they do not have
a very satisfactory home market, and
consequently the Western butter mak
ers will ship the bulk of their product
to Eagland.
The department has made one trial
of freah or unsalted butter, but it was
not very satisfactory, and the experi
ment may be repeated in the near
future. The department buys the but
ter from the creameries which have
been highly recommended and which
have been priza winners where they
have shown their products. Every
step of the journey from the creamery
to the market is watched and the de
partment expects to ba able to point
out the places where there ia need of
improvement.
We wish to call your attention to our great cffr. It is this: To anyone
not now a subscriber to this paper, we will send THE PROGRESSIVE FAR
MER every week until January 1. 1898 for only One Dollar.
We want 10,000 new Buoecribers under the terms of this f ffir. We want
you to help us. Tnis f ff ir would not be a great one were itgiven by a paper
that live3 on campaign funds or is re hashed from patent outeides or dailies.
Bat for a paper of the size and character of The Progressive Farmer, it is a
great offer. ...
It does not become us to boast. "We don't have to." Pert ons who know
the paper know its merits. But as we are sending out numerous samples this
week, we wieh 'to stake a few claims" as Klondykers say, and we defy any
one to pull up these stakes. If yru are not subscriber, please consider well
the following facts; if you are a subscriber, you know the truth of these state
ments, but will you kindly call your neighbor's attention to them?
The following facts show just a few reasons why you should take The Pro
gressive Farmer After you have taken it for awhile you can give many
more reaecn for saying it is the best North Carolina paper.
There is no other paper of any S;z shape, price or character in the State
(except these weeklies re hashed from dailies) that is
(1) As large as The Progressive Farmjcr;
(2) That gives as tul' and complete a record of State news as The Progres
srvE Farmer ;
(3) That gives as much general news as The Progressive Farmer;
(4) That has as large a circulation a The Progressive Farmer;
(5) That has firmer friends than The Progressive Farmer;
(6) That has fewer humbug advertisements tban The Progressive Farmer;
(7; That gets less from campaign funds thaa The Progressive Farmer ;
(8) That owes lees to rings, cliques or combines than The Progressive
Farmer;
(9) That contains more valuable farm hints than The Progressive Farmer;
(10) That has as complete horticultural, farm, poultry, hvo stock, dairy,
fun and religious departments as The Progressive Farmer; or,
(11) That will please you, your wife and children every member of the
family as The Progressive Farmer will.
Give us your support. We will tight for you and your interest and prom
8e to keep the paper up to its present high .standard. Bend us a c ub.
Yours for business,
The Progressive Farmer.
R A LETGH. N C. November 16 1897 ' DO tTT DELAY!
ThB butter is bhipped to the Agent of
the Bureau of Animal Industry, at
London, and he places it in the hands
of commission men or retailers as he
sees fit, and gets from them and the
consumers statements concerning the
butter and their ideas of it as compared
with other butter which is found on
the market at the same time. These
statements have been most encourag
ing, and in many cases they are to the
effect that the American butter is bet
ter than it was possible to find on the
market before its a4vept. --'
nsfilpments of the department
have resulted in some of the large com
mission men in London sending over
to the Americans to make permanent
arrangements to take their entire out
fit, and some shippers on this side have
forwarded butter in carload lots on the
strength of reports which have come
from those who have been handling
the department butter.
A great many inquiries have been
received at the department for direc
tion as to how to prepare and pack
butter for the English market, and a
bulletin will be issued and arranged
giving in full the information which
has been obtained by experiments.
It has -been found that the best
American butter can be sold at 1 shil
ling 1 pence, which is the price paid by
the E aglish consumers for the Danish,
French, and Finish buttter of the very
best quality. Some of the experiments
have shown decided profits. Thede
partment has also shown that butter
in small packages, half pound or pound
prints can be placed on the market in
good condition, but London commis
sion men say that they would rather
have it in larger packages.
'Every section of the country that
devotes itself to the raising of one
product, exclusively, is 'subject to fail
ure and possible ruin," says Horticul
turist Saunders, of the Department of
Agriculture. 'In an endeavor to pre
vent this calamity, the department is
encouraging the production of a num
berof farm products throughout the
country.
'The people of Florida devoted
themselves almost entirely to the rais,
ing of oranges, and what was the re
sult! When the heavy frosts of a few
years ago visited that section of the
o untry the entire orange crop was de
stroyed, and furthermore, the trees
suffered so that it will take them years
to recover and become fruitful. Cotton
is raised most extensively throughout
the South and were something to occur
to that product the entire South would
be almost ruined.
"Now, on the other hand, if the peo
pie of that section devoted. themselves
to a number of products, say, cotton,
oranges, figs, olives and camphor, there
would be hardly a possibility of any
thing occurring that would destroy all
of them at one time, so that they would
have one or more product to fall back
on in case of the failure of others.
The Department of Agriculture is
doing a great deal to induce the exten
8io& of olive growing. The olivej&tsul
tiyatp quextensive-l ia California,
and with great profit, fcr olives grow
ers f ell all of their product right in
their own State so that almost none of
it comes East.
"The department is now trying to
induce olive growing in the South, but
like everything else connected with
this branch of the department, it is
slow work. The people want to see
some one growing the thing and know
that it is profitable before they will at
tempt it themselves.
'Our experiment stations through
out the country do not do as much in
that line as they would. They should
take hold of some of these articles and
show that they can be grown success
fully and with profit, and have euffi
cient accurate data to give to theTpeo
pie in regard to the various products
iney epena too mucn time growing
lots of potatoes in order to ascertain
which is the earliest a fact which the
farmers know instead of introducing
new things and showing that there is
prone in ineir growtn.
'The olive was introduced into Flor
ida about 150 years ago by the Minor
cams, who came to this country from
Spain, and olives are known to have
been grown as far North as South Caro
Una. The Minorcams were a kind of
semi slave race, and were all the time
fighting among themselves, and w ltb
other nations who drove them out of
Florida, and the olive industry then
went to rum.
4 'This raising of olives is not all there
is to the industry- The hardest part
is to get in with the trade. A gentle
man from the South. lho bad raised
olives took his oil to New York ; but the
merchants there would not buy it, and
he afterwards sold it to a shoe factory.
The merchants said that the people
who ue olive oil are very particular,
and only use certain brands of im
ported olives. They said they could
not sell a new brand and consequently
would not teuy his oil. It requires a
great deal of time, and American
olives can only be made profitable when
the people realize that the American
product is as good as the imported one.
"In California, when the people first
made olive oil, they bad the same
trouble in selling it. and in fact gave it
away until the people began to find out
that it was a splendid article. The da
mand for California olive oil increased
until now the Eupply-tioea not equal
the demand." urrn D. Fry.
INJUSTICE TO SEEDSMEN.
Correspondence of the Progressive Farmer.
Richmond, Va , Nov. 11, 1897.
The editor of the American Agricul
turist, of Oct. 16 in, 1897. says: "Much
has been said about the disposition of
Secretary Wilson to restore the seed
distribution of the United States Da
partment of Agriculture to its original
design Of importing and distributing
new, rare, and promising specialties.
It now seems that this is ail mere
empty taik. The advertisement invit
ing bids for seeds, bulbs, etc., for the
ensuing year, specifies only seed of
beet, cabbage, carrot, celery, cucum
ber, egg plant, lettuce, cantaloupe,
watermelon, onion, parsnip, radish,
rutabagas, squash, tomato turnip,
beans, peas, sweet and field corn, to
bacco, Australian salt tush, cotton,
cowpcas, Canada field peas, vicia
villosa, alsike clover, alfalfa, Bermuda
grass, lawn grass, mangel wurzel, kid
ney vetch, and choice varieties of
flowers. It will be seen that the effi
cial list includes only the commonest
stock seeds, such as every seedsman
furnishes at ridiculously low prices
And the amount of this common stuff
sent but in each batch of the free seed
distribution is too email to be of any
practical use. Evidently the free seed
humbug is to tie as big a fraud under
Mr. Wilson as it has been heretofore.
The who e thing ought to be wipe d out,
thus saving the $150,000 or more (and
the cost of mailing) that is practically
wasted by the present plan of giving
each M C. a few seeds with which to
deceive himself into the idea that he is
winning votes by giving them away.
The thing is an insult to Am trie in
farmers."
The Democrat and Chronicle, of
Rochester, N. Y, on Ojt 2 1, 1897, gives
one result of the free distribution of
89eds: "Briggs Bros. & Co., of this
city, have gone to the wall, owing,
they claim, to the government furnish
ing seeds free, so that the people will
not buy of them. This firm dates back
nearly sixty years, and was one of the
largest dealers in seeds at one time."
Now all that seedsmen ask is fair
play. They have constant reminders
of the baneful influence of the free dis
tribution of seeds upon their business,
in the shape of former customerset
ing that they now get their sijpjy Gf
eeeds from their Congregan, and
country stores now rqire Very little
because their tradJde8tir0ye(i through
thir. neighbors receiving free seeds
"from the government. Seedsmen think
they can with confidence appeal to the
public for aid in fighting this gigantic
government competitor, with whom
they are unable to compete, because
they are able to give away seeds, as
they are paid for by the taxes of the
people; whereas, on the other hand,
the seedsmen have to go to great ex
pense in procuring them,
They further look with confidence to
the public for help, as it is not believed
that they wish to see people driven
from an occupation to which they
have devoted their lives, and through
which they support themselves and
families; and after seedsmen have done
more to advance agriculture in intro
ducing improved culture and varieties
than any other class.
Orer twenty millions of packets of
seeds were distributed free last year,
each Senator and Congressman having
over forty-two thousand packets each
to send to voters. Gen. Le Due. a
former Commissioner of Agriculture,
reported that "thousands and thou
sands of dollars worth of seeds have
passed through the hands of members
of Congress, and it is safe to say that
not a dozen reports nave ever been
made that have been available by the
department as data." A recent report
from the Agricultural Department
says "A careful review of the depart
ment reports during the last decade, in
which over a million dollars were ex
pez ded for free seed distribution, fails
to reveal a single instance of benefit to
agriculture attributable to this dis
tribution." As it ia admitted by the
department itself that there is no good
result from it, it should be abolisned.
There are only three results from the
free gift of seeds, which are baneful in
their effects. First, the free distribu
tion of seeds has a tendency to pauper
ism and create dependence upon the
government. Second, it savors of
bribery ana corruption. Third, it is
extremely injurious and destructive to
the business of seedsmen, who have a
right to look to the government for the
protection of their interests, as thev
are compelled to pay their quota of
taxes, in ere lore, their business should
not be destroyed by the government's
representatives, and the government
free seed distribution through Con
pressmen should cease.
Yours very truly,
T. W. Wood.
THE COTTON SEED MEAL AS A
SOURCE OF PROFIT TO
THE SOUTH.
Importance of Utilizing: it as a Feed
Stuff and as a Fertilizer.
By tha ex-Director of the W. Va. Agricultural
Experiment Station,
Correspondence of tne Progressive Farmer.
There can be no question that the
profits of agriculture in the South are
greatly reduced by the failure of the
farmers to utilize in an economic way
their valuable cotton seed and its prod
ucts. The proper utilization of this
product is sufficient of itself to change
the acccuats of many farmers from
the loss to the profit side of the column.
There is no product u? the United States
that offers the advantages from an
agricultural standpoint that are offered
by the cotton crop when it is properly
utilized. Even with the wasteful
methods of the past it has been profit
abl3. No other crop could have been.
Tne farmers of the South are making
a serious mistake in failing to utilize
the cotton seed and its products. Every
part of the cotton seed except the oil
should be used upon the Southern
farms, either in the form of feed fctuff
or fertilizer. Tne cotton seed oil mills
are sufficiently numerous in most sec
tions of the South to enable the farmer
to exchange his cotton seed for cotton
seed meal, which is better suited for
economic use upon the farm.
Aa a feed stuff it is too concentrated
to be fed to advantage alone, but when
mixed with cotton seed hulls in the
proportion of about one pound of the
meal to five pounds of hulls, or in a lit
tle less proportion with Southern
grown hay, it forms a most excellent
c it tie food. If the North and European
countries can afford to buy cotton seed
meal and ship it for consumption in
distant sec:iont, surely it can be con
sumed at greater profit upon the South
ern farm. It is simply a question of
doing it.
There is no other agricultural prod
uct that will produce an cq'ial amount,
of valuable manure when consumgy
live stock, and when utili2Tin this
way the farmersejesboth its food
and its fejVrlzlngvalue The time is
CGjJ&mly not far distant when the
Bouth, with entire control of this prod
uct will cease to ship it North to be fed
to cattle, the beef of which is consumed
in the South. There is nothing to pre
vent.the South from fattening the cat
tle and shipping the beef North, at an
increased profit to the South.
But the most striking example of a
failure to appropriate it is in the use of
fertil zrs. There is perhaps no better
fertilizer than cotton seed meal when
properly mixed with acid phosphate
and potash. A good average fertilizer
for the South can be prepared by mix
ing ,1,000 pounds to 1 200 pounds of
acid phosphate, 500 pounds to 700
pounds of cotton seed meal, 400 pounds
to 500 pounds of kainit or in place of
kainit 100 pounds to 125 pound of mu
riate or eulphate of potash, these latter
two being more concentrated would
save the farmer something in freight.
The proportions can be changed to suit
tbe requirements. But the point that
I make is this: all of the necessary .in
gredients for a complete fertilizar ex
cept the potash are produced in the
South in practically unlimited quanti
ties, and instead of buying fertilizers
from the North, the South should sup
ply the North with nearly all of its
complete f ertib" rs at least a large
share of them.
I believe the time is not far distant
when every cotton seed oil mill will
find it profitable to supply the entire
demands of the farmers for concen
trated feed stuffs and fertilisers at
rates which will be mutually profitable
to the farmers and to the oil mills, and
check this drain upon Southern re
sources. Tbe key to the situation b
held by the cotton seed oil mills, and it
is to be hoped that these great enter
prises may prove to be benefactors to
the agriculturists of the South. It is
to their financial interest to do so and
I believe they will. A mutual exten
sion of the business will prove mutually
profitable, both to the farmers and the
owners of the oil mills.
John A. Myehs.
New York, Nov. 1, 1897.
Every breeder of pure bred Ettjci
should be a missionary in his own
vicinity and preach the doctrine of im
provement all the time, for it often
takes line ujpn line and precept upon
precept to make an impression in favor
of better stock, but once the beinsis
is made improvement 13 usually rspU.
Farmers' Vcico.