Newspapers / The Progressive Farmer (Raleigh, … / Jan. 4, 1898, edition 1 / Page 1
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v. "Tfcfi Progrcs tiTe Farmer is a rood PPfxr Tbove the aver ld possibly best advertis- "The Prc res sire Fanner i a good paper fii above the average- -and possibly the best advertis ing meeiuxn in II. C." Printers' IcJr. n medium ta N. 1 ' ? Printers' Ink. Af V THE INDUSTRIAL AND EDUCATIONAL INTERESTS E OUB PEOPLE PARAMOUNT TO ALL OTHER CONSIDERATIONS OP STATE POLICY. RALEIGH, II. 0., JANUARY 4, 1898. Ho. 48 IT 1 i J mj jMjmukj Ji. v jo a t- ATIONAL FARU2RS' ALLI llJCS AND INDUSTRIAL UNION. freaident Mann Page, Brandon, Vice President O. Vincent, Indian- lf6retary Treasurer W. P. Bricker, Qcgan Station, Pa. LECTURERS. P. Sossamon, Charlotte, N. O. Hamlin V. Poore, Bird Island, Minn. F. LL reirsoi, rarKersDurg, w. va. SATI0NAI EXECUTTVB CXJMMITTEE. r jfann Page, Brandon, Va. ; John Ereiig, W. Va.; A. B. Welch, New Y0rk; V. A. Gardner, Andrew's Set tlement, Pa. JUDICIARY. a W. Beck, Alabama. U. D. Davie, Kentucky. 50BTH CAROLINA. FARttXftfl STATE ALLI ANCES. president Jno. Graham, Bidgeway, NO Vice-President W. B. Upchurcb, jlorriaville, N. O. Secretary -Treasurer J.T. B. Hoover, Hillsboro, N. .O. State Business Agent T. B. Parker, ur-&. V. N. Seawell, Villa- cot - -. - . , Assistant Lecturer W. B. Brick house, Mackev Ferry, N. C. Chaplain-W. S. Mercer, Moyock, Door-keeper Goo. T. Lane, Groena- Ssiatant Door-keeper J aa. E. Lyon, Sergeant-at- Arms A. D. EL Wallace, Ealeigh, N. O. . rroateo Busmoes Agency Funaw. i, Graham, Machpelah, N. G. rxiCUnVE OOM2HTTE3 OF TUB H0ETH cab 'IAS a arieers' stats alliahce. J. W. Denmark, Chairman, Raleigh, N C John Graham, Bidgeway, N. C. W. B. Fleming, Bidgeway, N. U. A. F. Hileman, Concord, N. O. Dr J. B. Alexander, Charlotte, N. C. Thomas J. Oidham, Teer, N. a mis aiaiahcs judiciary ooicarTsa. Dr. J. E Person, PikeviUe, N. 0. W. 8. Barnes, Raleigh, N. O. T. Ivey, Cary, N. O. A&RXCTJlTTJIRE. FEEDING EXPERIMENTS. Correspondence of The Progressive Farmer. Bulletin 143 of North Carolina Sta tion, relates to the feed, milk produc tioa and care of cows, and ia offered with the hope that it will prove inter esting to those who are studying these q-ies tions. Trie old plan of feeding was to give to stock not only Jfeed for con sumption, but a large quantity also to be tramp'ed under foot. When the prcfiis from farming were much larger than at present the loss was not so eeri ons as it is now. although it was prob ably as great. It is the desire of the experiment station to call attention to the waste which comes from feeding a badiy -balanced" ration, ana to sug rest a hotter and more economical pro Dorti between the different feeding stuff uaed. The first portion of the hniia-.; or.ntn.inn the results from fppdinp. ordinarv substances grown upon North Carolina farms, with the addition of easily obtainable substances such as corn silage, cotton seea meai, nweet notatoes, cotton seed, corn fodder, cow pea meal and eoy b3an silage, corn stiucss, wneai straw Ptrt. The conclusions are: 1 TVift rfttinn of sweet potatoes, raw cotton seed, pulled fodder and cow pea meal gave better results man uiu and so7 hean eilage and cotton seed meal, with wheat bran mixed in ratio Cf r.riA tn twn bv weight. 2. The corn and soy bsan silage, with cotton seed meal and wheat bran, gave a better result than did sweet potatoes - - - . M and corn shucks, with a mixture oi cottnn rpaA meal, corn meal and cow pea meal mixed in the proportions qf 8ix, two and one. . 3 Cotton seed hulls and meal, for butter production, leads corn enucts anfl wriftt straw with corn meal, ground wheat and cotton seed meal mired in proportions of two, three ana - . i . ZIU. uve. The latter maae me muos uuit tk r,ti nnr tion of the bulletin is alao a feeding experiment, but in thia AAri instead of cows, and the feeding stuffs are arranged with the orct of contrasting ssim muji ouu A M butter milk from cream (oot from bclemilk). -P.f t-.-, .u.ifi-rr irMinv r?ffi were nur cfcased to teat separated or centrifugal skim milk against butter milk churned hern sour cream, for making pork, ke pia were farrowed September 4 u Their breeding by the two Qi?, which were litter si3ters, was ex istly alike. They were taken from 8ov?a at six and seven weeks old fed about what they would eat clean of a mixture of meals containing wheat middlings and bran, corn and linseed meals. The males were cas trated while on dams. Tne pigs were fed as litters of eight and seven until November 19, when four lota wero made weights. The ground feed was mixed with the milk. A condition powder or cholera preventive was kept before them, made of a mixture of 1 peck hardwood ashes, 1 peck charcoal, 1 pint fine salt, 2 pounds copperas, 1 pound black antimony and i pound sulphur flour. Pen No. 1 paid 20 8 cents per100 pounds for ekim milk during nine peri oda covering ninety four days. The pigs were about 3J months old when this feeding began. Pen No. 2 fedthe same paa to mid dlings, but which consumed 26 7 per csnt. more skim milk than did pen No. 1, paid 20 08 cents per 100 pounds for what was consumed during the same time, and under exactly like conditions as to housing. Pen No. 3, consisting of three, pigs fed on middlings and butter milk, the same weights of middlings and butter milk being fed as were fed pen No. 1 of middlings and ekim milk, paid 19 87 cents per 100 pounds of butter milk fed during the nine periods covering ninety f our'dai s. Inuring seven peri ods covering eeventy four days the but termilk was worth 30 cents per 100 pounds, but when carried forward to 121 days was worth only 13 cents per 100 pounds. Pen No. 4, consisting of three pigs fed same as pen No. 3, except an excess of 20 07 per cent, of butter milk over what pen No. 3 consumed, paid 20 7 cents per 100 pounds for the butter milk consumed during seven periods covering eeventy four days. The but ter milk was dropped for this pen of pigs at the end of the eeventh period. A record was kept through two later periods, the eighth' and ninth, after which it was resumed again for three periods of seven, ten and ten daje, re spectively. . During the two periods of ten days each without butter milk, but getting practically all the wheat mid dliogs tbey could eat, the three pigs gained only four and twelve and a half pounds for the three. Water was sup plied in abundance. When butter milk was fed again the gains were thirty three and a half pounds in eeven days, forty one pounds in ten days and ten pounds in ten days. On the whole feeding this pen of pigs paid 15 5 cents per 100 pounds for the batter milk fed them as the calculations were made. There was a very great interference with growth by internal parasites During those periods when the piga made a thrifty advance in growth there is no reason to complain of the price of milk, but whenever, the parasites seemed to get a strong hold little or nothing wa3 received for the milk, and the gain was not enough in some cases to pay for the other food. This shows 8 wine breeders a danger to be guarded against. Pigs should ba cleansed of the parasites and the yards changed often, and long enough to have the old places purified and the vermin exter minated. According to the statistician of the United States Department of Agricul turf, there wore in January, 1S97, 2, 654 000 farm animals in North Carolina If by well balanced, careful aad eco comical feeding an average of 1 cent a day can be saved on each animal it gives the State a net gain in wealth of more than $10,000,000 a year, all of which the farmers may reap if they will. The third portion of J;he bulletin con tains the record of milk and butter pro duction of the experiment station herd during 1895 and 1896. There were difll culties to meet such as might be met by any dairyman. This of itself may prove a source of encouragement to one whose experiences may have been sim ilar. The interest for one who cannot make a sufficient outlay for the pur chase of the more improved breeds of stock may be increased upon learning that the herd was composed of common cows. Of the fourteen cows in the station herd it was found that nine gave a profit ranging from $3 05 to $23.20, and averaging $10 29 each. The other five each gave a loss ranging from 21 cents to $10 32, and averaging $6.46. Of course these five cows that failed to pay their board should have been disposed of. When we consider that in this little herd of only fourteen cows such wide differences were found as one cow entailing a loss of $10 32. while another produced a profit of $23 20, it is apparent that every dairyman should keep a pair of scales, a Babcock test and a careful memorandum and promptly weed out the dead beats. This done and every farmer who keeps cows can rest assured that his crops are sold at home to customers that never cheat, but pay according to what they get, thus saving hauling, freights, commissions, bad debts, etc. J. L. Ladd. Bay City, Texas. THE ALLIANCE REVIVAL IN CUMBERLAND. Correspondence of The Progressive Farmer. Tne Alliance in Cumberland seems to be waking up and taking on new life. On Monday night, Dec 6 ;b, Mr. John C. Bain, our County Lecturpr, met with Stewart's Creek Sub Alliance according to appointment and delivered a most earnest and logical address to quite a number of good AUianccmen. All who heard his address were high ly pleased with it. Brothren McDaffia and Autry also made us interesting and instructive speeches. Oar highly esteemed President of the County Alii ance, Mr. J. W. H. Smith, was also wun us; in lact, we naa a regular iovo feast. . On the next day, Dec. 7th, Bro.; J. W. H. Smith, Bro. Bain and myself went to MFadyer's Springs, about seven miles distant, where we met a few good Alliancemen and re organized an Alliance. On (our way back we stopped at the house of Bro. Richard Howard, the President of the newly or ganizad Alliance, and after partaking heartily of Mrs. Howard's nicely pre pared dinner, we bade them good bye and started for home, Bro. Bain hav ing on appointment to fill that night at ilcLeax's Alliance. yours truly and fraternally, H. M. Fillyaw Dial, N. C, Dec. 11, 1897. ! SOME HOLIDAY THOUGHTS. Correspondence of the Progressive Farmer. As we are on the eve of a holiday a time when the Christian world stops from the regular business of life to celebrate the nativity of the Saviour of the world ; it is a suitable time for gen eral reflections; a time to lay plans, to adjust or correct wrongs to retrospect the past, and from i to draw conclu sions for the future. Perhaps all busi ness enterprise needs this retrospection, but more than any other the farmer needs it. ' This, theo, is a suitable, a propitious tim? for the farmer to take his bearings and see what he is doing. He is the mainstay of the business world, therefore he should be careful to plan and execute so he will be recog niz3d as filling and controlling the moss important place in the vast machinery of social progress. But if you go around and listen to the moanings of some farmers as they deplore the results of cotton at 5 cents a pound, you would suppose he felt nothing at all of the dignity of his.high calling. In the first p'ace, the farmer is re sponsible for this price; he has ex ponded and continued to expand his broad acres and plant the fleecy staple, till here in E is tern North Carolina the farmer could barely get his cotton out ready for the Christmas, holidays. There is a remedy, and that remedy is to plant enough for the world's needs and no more, and a few individuals ought not to expect to spread out over that area and leave the rest of the fra ternity out, but let every one who de sires to plant a crop of cotton, or any other marketable product, to consider the probable needs, consider his pro portional share as to supplying from his farm these needs and then plant acoordingly. Why should a cotton farmer plant more when the staple sells at 8 cents than when it goes at 5 cents the year before? Here is where the greed comes in, and it is the old story - .a A . of tne "aog crossing tne dxvok witn a fine bone in his mouth, but drops it to catch at the imaginary figure of an other dog with his lunch." Of course be lost both, and so does the greedy farmer who puts in 100 acres of cotton because the price was higher last year, when 25 acres would have beep, his pro portionate part of the crop needed. Another error with the average farmer is his conclusion that if a small farmer can make cotton at 5 cents a pound on 5 or 10 acres of land, of course he can make it in the same proportion on 100 or 200 acres. This calculation generally results in failure. This extensive system of farming does not pay in dollars and cents; neither does it pay in the general satis faction and peace which the small farm affords. When a man follows a vocation it ought to be one he is called to by such inclinations and preparations as will fit him' for the work before him; then he may expect to have some social com pensation as well as financial advance ment. While we are planning next year's work, and enjoying the Christmas holidays, let us remember, as far as possible, the needs of our land and seek to supply each his respective part of those needs. Let us organfz?, that we may the better understand each other, and also understand the needs of our land. Xet us live and feel the importance of our calling, and so dignify the occu pation that we may command the due respect of all other honorable occupa tions. D. L. Bellair, N. C, Dec. 20, 1897. CRIMSON CLOVER, SEED. In The Progressive Farmer several weeks ago there appeared a communi cation from Mr. Carl B. Clme, of Columbus, Ohio. In this letter Mr. Cline offered to send a sample package of crimson clover seed to all who would send 10 cents to pay postage. Prof. Frank E Emery, Agriculturist N. O. Experiment Station, writes of Mr. Ciine's promises, the way he fulfills them, and incidentally of the value of crimson clover in the November Bulle tin. Prof. Emery Bays: Who has tried Mr. Ciine's offer of free crimson clover seeds for 10 cents, to pay the postage t Don't all speak at ones, but some one tell us how many ounces of seed he got for 10 centa Remember, this is a farm crop, of which hundreds of bushels of seed may be grown on any large farm, and thou sands of bushels ought to be grown and used for seed to improve "worn out" soils. How much fertility for 10 cents from Mr. Clihet ONE MAN HAS TRIED IT. There came one day through the West Rlegh postcffcVse a little package toR. E. L. Crenshaw. It was from Carl B. Cline, Columbus, Ohio. It was crim son clover seed. It is in my office, where the editor can see it. There are two little packet, such as the Dela ware farmers used to mail out sample packages of seed, which they raise to sell to their customers. If you write one of these farmers for quotation of prices and for a sample of seed, he will send you as large a sample and expect you to buy a bushel or two; or, say 100 pounds, at about 5 or possibly 6 cents per pound. Some even send you direc tions for preparation of land, time to sow and what to do with the crop, or nearly this amount of information with the seed when you purchase it from them. Not so Mr. Cline. He is selling a novelty for which he must have a round price. The seed in the two packets weighed 25 and 26 grams. It takes 28.35 grams to make an ounce. Suppose wnen freshly put up and rather scantily weighed Oo tne added paper wpuld bring the parcel under the United States postal law at two ounces), suppose, we say, it had been t wo ounces of seed. Ten cents, less two cents for postage, leaves eight cents for seed. The difference in weight can well pay for paper and clerk hire to put up and lick on the stamps, and Mr. Cline gets eight cents for two ounces of crimson clover seed 1 This is four cents an ounce, sixty four cents a pound, and $38 40 per bushel. Don'c it pay to advertise in the right way? Six cent a pound oeed raise d to sixty-four cents 1 And this for a crop which ought to be as commonly grown as is corn and seed for home use and for sale as common as it is in Dataware. Several years ago some one adver tised a new coffee berry for ssed could be cultivated anywhere, made a good substitute for coffee, yielded well, etc., etc., all of which was true of the eoja or soy bean, the kind of seed which was being advertised for sale under the new name of coffee berry at twenty five cents per pound. I believe the adver tiser requested money or stamps for postage. He should have planted his first few crop 3 and come out after this later illustrious seedsman has paved the way for greater wealth under legiti mate names. Populists were working and voting for the free coinage of silver when all the prominent Democratic leaders were whooping things up for Grover, well known as bitterly opposed to silver. Probably there was one notable excep tion, but the Democratic National chair man fixed that by apologizing for his vote for Weaver Wood bury Mcsaen ger. LIVE AT HOME. The following article, which we clip from the Laurinburg Exchange,- con tains some sound sense, and we com mend it to the consideration of our readers: "Live at home," is a motto, upon which a farmer can build for success, and never has the need of such prac tice been more clearly exemplified than in this year's business. 'Tis quite true that you cannot always "figure it out" that it pays a farmer to raise his bread and meat and other home sup pliee, but practical experience evinces the expediency. - Scarcely anything has done more to depress the condition of farmers, especially small farmers, than has the wholesale absorption of the idea that cotton is the only "money crop." Take the typical old farmer, who,! "lived at home," first producing his home supplies and thei producing for market, and you will find, nine cases out of ten, a man who lived happily, died in peace and left a well provided for family. A righteous fear of debt, close economy, 'honorableness in all things and strict attention to business have made many such men rich and prosperous. "Get out of your daddy's old rut and live up to the times" may be good alvice and it may not; cer tainly, it would be well to see that you are getting into abetter rut, before you leave old one. v It's not a bad idea to do as "the old man" did, especially if the old man did well. Then look around you to-day and see the havoc that has been born of this latter day new order of things. Watch the collector's wagon and see how it goes to the home of some and hauls off all except the dirt around the front door and then see how it passes others by. There is something in method and cer tainly no man needs more change in his method than does the farmer, who is suffering from the hallucination that cotton is the only crop. idLOiKTICUIiTTJRIE EDUCATIONAL EXTENSION WORK. Correspondence of the Progressive Farmer. In 1894, at the urgent request of the fruit growers of Western New York, York, the legislature appropriated 18,000 to be expended by the experi ment station in teaching horticulture to the people cf that section of the State. A test was made of five lines of work: 1 Local experiments by fruit growers under direction of the etation profess ors, 2. The publication and free dis tribution of pamphlets on horticulture, written in language that all could un derstand. 3 A traveling horticultural school, remaining a week in each neigh borhood. 4. Elementary instruction in the public schools. 5 Instruction in horticulture by means of correspond ence and reading courses. Good results followed and the work became sopopu lar that in 1895 the legislature doubled the appropriation, giving $16,000, QDd the same amount was appropriated in 1896 In 1897 the amount was raised to $24,000, and the scope of the work enlarged from horticulture to general agriculture, and the field was' made to embrace the whole Stats instead of only the western end of it. One fundamental difficulty with our agricultural condition is that there is no attempt to instruct the children in matters which awaken an interest in country life. And of course the chil dren of a State cannot be instructed from the State Experiment Station. But the teachers can be taught by the station force how to instruct the chil dren in their schools in these matters. With this end in view a series of leaflets for the use cf teachers has been prepared and placed in the hands of the rural school teachers. Courses of study have been prepared for teachers, and lectures have been delivered before teachers' institutes and summer normal and training schools. As a general rule the jural teachers have readily taken hold of this new line of useful ness. This much to reach the young peo ple. In order to reach and benefit those who?o school days lie behind them, reading courses and correspond ence schools were inaugurated by the station. The first texts used were bulle tins 119 on "Texture cf the Soil," and 120, on "Moisture of the Soil." After reading one of these bulletins the farmer receives a printed circular ask ing a number of questions which he is to think about and figure out for him self. His answers are corrected and returned to him by mail. Attheeid of the first three months thi3 ceurEO had 1600 corresnondentH and n.fc Irm present rate of increase the number will reach 5,000 by the end of the first year. The bulletin sums up results thus far achieved in the following language: "Aside from the many horticultural investigations which are still continu ing from Prof. Bailey's work, there aro now more than 200 experiments with fertilizers on various kinds of crops in progress throughout the 8tate among, the farming community. Five hundred experiments in beet culture, with jmd without fertilisers, are also being con ducted to learn if possible the localities in the Stata bPR AriAnteri tr ciirrni Vitoof culture and to induce the farmers to 1 investigate this new industry. In struction is given aa to soil, methods of tillage and fertilization. At the same time numerous experiments are being conducted at the university along lineo similar to those mentioned. The col lege of agriculture has enrolled under the head of university extension work 15,000 pupils and 10,000 teachers of the public schools, and 1600 young farmers The pupils and farmers receive guid ance by means of printed circulars and tha farmers report progress and diffi cultiea upon special blanks which aro furnished. Six instructors are em ployed throughout the State in con ducting university extension work, and special teachers ore employed from These instructors meet the teachers of the public echoola in the presenca of their pupils and at teachers1 associa tions and institutes for the purpose of illustrating methods for teaching na ture studies directly or indirectly ro tated to agriculture. The leaflets fur nished serve as texts for the subjects taught. "The result of this pushing cf tho education motive into the rural com munities has been a most decided wak ing up of the rural communities which, even if the work were to stop at tho present time, would continue to exert an influence for a generation and more. "Ail tn:s wore nas oeen experimental an attempt to discover the be3t method of teaching the people in agri culture. We believe that the most efficient means of elevating the Jdeals and practice of the rural communities are as follows, in approximately the order of fundamental importance: "1. The establishment of nature- E? LUU Ul WJV lOOCUUO DbUUjr, vujlu- bined with field walks and in incidental instruction in the principles of farm practice; in the rural schools. "2. The establishment of correspond ence instruction in connection with reading courses, binding together tho university, the rural schools and all rural literary or social societies. "3 Itinerant or local experiment and investigation, made chiefly as object lessons to farmers and not for the pur pose, primarily, cf discovering scien tific facts. "4 The publication of reading bulle tins which shall inspire a quickened appreciation or. rural me, ana which may be used as texts in rural societies and in the reading courses and which shall prepare the way for the reading of the more extended literature in books. "5. The sending out of special agentc as lecturers or teachers, or as investi gators of special local difficulties, or aa itinerant instructors in the normal, schools and befdxe the training classes, of the teachers' institutes. "6 The itinerant agricultural schools,, somewhat after the plan of our horti cultural schools, which shall . bo equipped with the very best teachers: and which shall be given as rewards to the most intelligent and energetio com muoitic3. "In conclusion, it must be said that the farmers, as a whole, are willing and anxious for education. They aro difficult to reach becauso they have not been well t ught, not because they ore unwilling to learn. It is astonish ing, as one thinks of it, how scant and poor has been tho teaching which has even a remote, relation to the tilling of seem not to have been born of any real sympathy with the farmer or any proper appreciation of his environ ments. Just as soon aa our educational methods are adapted to the farmer's needs, and are born of a love of farm life and are inspired with patriotism, will tne rurtu uittiotj wttjiu is irresistible power." , J. Mention The Peogksssive Fazzi in writing to advertisers. y 0
The Progressive Farmer (Raleigh, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Jan. 4, 1898, edition 1
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