Newspapers / The Progressive Farmer (Raleigh, … / June 21, 1898, edition 1 / Page 1
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t . r - I V V ' J kJ ' i x- . cr ' pciicnl paper - putllshsd. between '"Rich y mead 2i Atlanta " ' M ll f iimiiiii j , I I - A - 1 1 i THE IIDISTEIAL AID IDUCATI0I1L IKTEEESTS Of OUE EEOFLB PAHA2I0UI1! TO AIL OSES .C0USIDZRATI0U3 Q? STATE POLICY. y ol. 13. EiLLEIGH, II. 0., JUHE 21, 10D8. no. 20 trpix&zt is a 2?j piper-far CJtJ. tis ftTcr- STbeit adverti priaters Iak. lM' U--: r iV I i- i ill- s - gggjgSJ IKBY, RALTHQH, 17 0 Prot i2aiid Mechanical Oollegre, Ral- tare,1 inme a regular contriDntor to tins ticb. trr AH Questions relating to the farm. orchArd will be answered by Prof. rSTlSUED FR02I LAST WEES CONCENTKATEDFESD STUFFS. Facts Regarding Them Boiled Down for Oar Readers. The various products knon aa glu a meax3t gluten feeds, gerrh feeds d the like are what ia left of corn !L starch and gluccsa havo been Sifactured from it Tho corn is f rat soaked in weak, warm eulphurous add water. It i then ground and the Rtaich washed out and thb germ or 0t the kernel is removed by ma Jhinery Theaa hearts or germs are Z ground and their oU is pressed Thifl eerm cake is one kind of I The hulls or bran and broken & are dried and form what is called Jop feed. The starch then passes cto very long vruu60 ' ' , Mch the Btarch settles to the bottom 159 lime and the hard flinty portions cr gluten float off into receivers and ce died by steam. This is called glu & meaL A mixture of the gluten oeal and crop feed is called giuien feed. .... Atlas gluten meal, bo called, is very different from the ordinary gluten products. The germ is first removed (rom the Indian corn, and the remain der of the corn kernels are mixed and ground together with rye, barley, fheat, jiniper, etc. This product is 'iea heated with a solution of malt, fhich converts a considerable portion i the starch into sugar. Yeast ia iea added, the alcohol, etc., resulting 'filled, and the refuse remaining in 'j gtill is pressed, dried; and placed j:psa the market under the above j Dried brewers' grain ia the kiln dried :iae from beer manufacture. It rrzista of some of tho starch, together Vii'tie hulls, germ and gluten of the vA-!ey. A small portion of the gluten :'A the larger part of tho starch . are ;:soved from the barley by tho action 'i diastase and yeast, ' Halt used in beer manufcture ia :pared by moistening barley and iwirgit to sprout. The sprouting .rotea a ferment called diastase, rhich chao ges starch into sugar. After ,-8 formation of the diastase, which JtqTiires a certain number of days, tho Jirley is dried, and the sprouts re pored by machinery and sold for cat- feed, called malt sprouts. The bar ;y ia now termed malt, j Tie natural divisions of the feed re Itirg from grinding wheat are bran, middlings and red dog flour. jBrania the exterior covering and ia -Ht removed. I iliddlinga are removed next after the ran. Hsd dogia a very low grade flour, (-3 represents the dividing line be raa the feed and high grade flour. Flcur middlings is a mixture of mid pga and red dog flour. (Kiied feei ia generally a mixture of pa, middlings and red dog flour. H. 0, dairy feed consists of oat feed ; fa basis, mixed with feeds high in ptdn, such as cotton seed and gluten jCerealine feed comprises the hull and of the starch of the corn. Ifiia f by product resulting in the manu of , the breakfast preparation i163 cerealine flikes. It U very Wv vlt P088essa a feeding value wghtly inferior to corn meal. ; laay feed or chop: Hominy ia ! impart of the corn kernel. The f Uoa of the hull, germ and some i starch which constitutes the Yttef10 be brought about solely . w Of machinnrv lat feed ! 111 the PreParation of oat meal I k Jr cefeals for human consump j id Consists of poor oats, hulls, ! 5?h?9c the bran and starch re ! U8-mth9 Proce8aof manufacture. 1 Stetlme3 mixed witn corn a3 vaety of oat refuse ia now t 5U8 Wav intn rmf mnrbAfa. It . vuu io contain irom as to j J Per cent, of hulls. In ecme :e7" it- n c0111 ana wun 'tl thenluite difficult to a3- Uiixea With ffyn anil Wim 3 y-. -"MJo Ut QUU9 IUU UiUk Oat refuso ia loir in m? 4 high in carbohvdrateo. ovmaRftmft.... - uawure corn zncai. Ht rial of thia kind V W hai. nsiderablo feeding valus. Thoca articica having a special brand con-, taining tho manufacturer's name, are to bo preferred. In caso the farmer ia in doubt aa to ita value he should send a fair sample to the experiment station for examination. Farmers aro cau tioncd against paying excessive prices for material of thi3 kind. The poultry feeds prepared by the American Cereal Company and H. O. Company aro mixtures of oat feeds, corn and Eomo nitrogenous feed stuff to increase the percentage of protein to about 17 per cent! Materials of this kind certainly possess considerable feeding value. It ia probable, however, that the poultryman can secure tho nutritive valuo cheaper by purchasing the un mixed grains. H. O. horso feed ia a mixture of oat feed and corn. Chop or germ feed looks very much like gluten feed, but has considerable lesa feeding value. Taking corn' meal aa a standard and supposing it to bo worth $16 per ton, analyses and feeding teataprove these varioua other feeding etu&a to be of the following valuca per ton : Hominy meal or chop, 116; cerealine feed, $16; chop feed, $13 60; Qaaker cat feed, $13 60; oat feeds (contain more hull), $12; Victor corn and oat feed, $15.20; H. O. horso feed, $15 20; wheat bran, $13 60; wheat middlings, $17 60; mixed feed, $16; dried brewers' grain, $16; malt Eprouta, $lfr; Buffalo gluten feed; $20; Golden gluten feed, $20; other gluten feeds, $19 20; gluten meals, $21 32; Cleveland flax msal, $22 03; old process linseed meal, $21.60: cotton meal, $24 32. Tho bulletin recommends tho follow ing eight mixtures of these feeds to produce a well balanced and economi cal general ration: I. One hundred pounds of corn meal or of hominy' meal; 100 pounds -of wheat bran or of mixed feed or of chop feed; 75 pounda of cotton eeed meal Or of gluten meal or of linseed meal, mix and feed 8 to 9 quarts per day to a I, 000 pound animaL - 2. One hundred pounda of oat feed ; 100 pounda of Buffalo gluten feed or of Golden gluten feed, mix and feed 8 quarts daily. 3. Any one of the gluten f eeda ia a fairly well balanced ration itself. Feed 5 to 8 quarts daily. 4. Fifty pounda of linseed meal, 50 pounda of cotton seed meal, 100 pounda of oat feed or of chop feed ; mix and feed 7 to 8 quarts daily, 5. Two hundred pounda of chop feed or of cerealine feed; 75 pounds of cot ton seed meal or of- gluten meal, or of linseed meal ; mix and feed 7 to$ quarts daily. 6. H. O. dairy feed ia itself a bal anced ration. Feed 6 to 8 quarts daily. 7. One hundred pounds of fine mid dlings; 100 pounds of brewers' grain or of malt sprouts. 21ix and feed 7 to 8 quarta daily. ' 8. Oae hundred pounds of corn meal, 50 pounds of bran, 50 pounds of cotton eeed meal. Mix and feed 7 quarta daily.' ' 1. 1 .1 WISCONSIN INSTITUTES. Correspondence of the Progressive Farmer. W. H. Morrison, Bq, Superintend ent of the Wisconsin Farmers' Insti tutes, writes ua from Madison, Wis., as follows: I Ecnd you by mail Bulletin Nov 3, Wisconsin Farmers' Institutes. The edition consists of 31,000 copies and although the came number was issued of No. 1 and 2, they are nearly ex hausted. I shall take pleasure in send ing No. 3 to any of ydur readers who will send me his name and posteffice with 10 cent3 to pay postage. We are holding sixty four two day institutes thia winter. They are well attended and I know they are enlarg ing tho horizon of our farmers.' I am more and more convinced that the most practical and successful method of reaching the farmer ia through the Farmers' Institute and meetings of a like character. The three hundred two day meetings held by the Wis consin Farmers' Institutes have done more to reach the great mass of un reached farmers in the State in the last four years than all other agencies combined. These meetings ha ve aroused and implanted a hunger for better in telligence in thousands where but little hope existed. The farmer can be reached only by the practical, success ful ways and methods of a brother in whom he has confidence. The profes sional man with fine spun theories, who will talk aa hour about nothing, will let no daylight into tho intricate problem that the average farmer has to colvo that of lesa price and, lesa productive power of his land; but it is tho successful farmer who can eay I have dono it" that will liberate the un successful one and make him an intel ligent man. The agricultural paper, the agricultural book, the experiment station and the Farmers' Institutes aro for the farmers who road, study and think. Success to them." v The above ia a clipping from an old newspaper. Mr. Morrison has been dead several years now, but the Insti tute system first successfully managed by him has become a leading feature of interest among farming communi ties. . - Every State and farming community which desires to keep "up to date," and holds ita own against the competition of to day adopt and use this means of counciling together and spreading in telligence abroad within its own terri tory. Peace be to Mr. Morrison and and continued success to this system of helping our fellow farmers. F. E. Emehy. CARD FRO LI JACKSON. Correspondence of The Progressive Farmer. Farmers in this part of the Stato have had adverse conditions to contend with during thi3 spring. Early in May we had snow and frcst, after which a drouth set in which ia still prevailing in the vicinity of Web3ter to date; in eome parts of tho . county they havo had some rain. Oats and clover are an almost, entire failure. Corn has been well worked, but is small for mid dle of June. Wheat ia very good and we are now beginning to harvest- Most of wheat will be cut next week. There ia hot much political excite ment among us; all seem to devote their time to reading and talking about tho war. Hope something will happen that will terminate the war coon. J A. J. Long, Sr. l Webster, N. C, June 14, '98. FEWER ACRES," UORE TILLAGE. A contemporary says : Only a short time ago a farmer gravely told us that he believed a farmer would starve to death on 40 acres of land. And he meant what ho said. Ho had 80 acres of land and according to his own state ment tho average yield of his crops was: Wheat 15 bushels to the acre; corn, 30; cats, 20; hay, three fourths of a ton. A mile distant from him lived a farmer whose land ia almost an exact counterpart of his, and his crops average: Wheat, 30 bushels to" the acre; corn, 65; oats, 50; hay, 2 tons. It ia not the quantity of land that a man farms that counts, but the quality of his farming. The fact that a man can grow six tons of first class timothy hay on an acre shows tho possibilities of an acre that is thoroughly tilled. Nine tenths of the land that is sown into wheat is not more than half prepared for the eeed, simply because the farmer believes in acres rather than tillage. FARMING IN EASTERN NORTH CAROLINA. Correspondence of the Progressive Farmer. . Seeing an article in The Progressive Farmer, I wish to add my practical experience in using the cow pea, as a contribution to your highly appre ciated journal. Being born and. raised on a farm, the son of a gentleman who was known as one of the best farmers in Eastern Carolina, I will cay that from a practical test I have found that under no circumstances should more than one peck of peas (the field varie ties known as cow pea$) be planted cr sown on an acre of land. That is, if a man wants peas instead of vines. I recently talked , to a prominent farmer in Pamlico county on the sub ject of pea culture. He said: "Why, Hobt, I can't raiso any peas. I can raise plenty of vines, but no peas." The trouble is," I eaid, "you raiso too many vines." Then I told him of my experience, which I have given in a former article in The Progressive Farmer, and he at once Eaid ho reck oned I was right; "for," eaid he, "I have frequently noticed that when one comes up off : to itself, isolated from the others, it's always full of pea3." ' In fact, my experience has taught me that almost everything we plant is left too thick. What . is more ridiculous than to eso a farmer plant a piece of land in corn and leave enough stalks on it to make 10 or 15 barrels per acre if each ctalk were 'to bear a good ear, when ho knows that with the very best culture tho land will not produce more than 3 or 4 barrels. A neighbor of mine who is also a practical farmer (and haa never quit the Alliance "on account of politics'') told ino he dug last -year one hilL of sweet potatoes (Haymonr ) that was 3 or 4 feet from other hills and it looked eo large that he decided to weigh it. It weighed 25 pounds. He i3 a3 reliable a man as North Carolina hoida, and ho would never have told how much it weighed had ho not had witnesses who saw him weigh it, just as it came from the ground, with the potatoes hangings to the stem. B. H. Lane, THE FARM VALUE OF THE CROW. He Does More Good Than Harm. C. E , Waterloo, N. H. Will you give the best way to poison crows, and the best way to protect young growing corn from them ? In your formula for poisoning them please bear in mind the safety of the lives of farm animals that may chance, to feed on the grass where the poisoned bodies of the crows may fall and decay. Answered by M. V. Slingerland, in Rural New Yorker. ' The common crow is a much abused bird. But few far mersxealiza that the crow should be classed among our beneficial birds. However, thia fact was scientifically demonstrated several years ago by our government em ployees, but it will be a long time- be fore ecare-crows cease to be a familiar eight in American corn fields. The charges against the crow are that it pulls eprouting corn ; that it injures corn in the milk; that it destroys cul . tivated fruit, . and that it feeds on tho eggs and young of poultry and wild birds. The stomachs of over 900 crows have been carefully examined by ex perts ; these crows were shot at various ecasonsof the year, and in different part3 of the country. All of the above charges ..were sustained by the stomach examinations, so far as the simple fact that crows feed upon tho substances named. But the extent of the injury ia a very: different matter. , .The total quantity of corn eaten during the en tire year amounts to 25 per cent, of the food of adult crows, and only about nine per - cent, of the food fC youug crows. Leaving the young out of consideration, it may be eaid that, in agricultural dis tricts, about one quarter of the food of crows consists of corn. ' But less than 14 percent, of this corn, and only three per cent, of the total food of the crow, consists of sprouting corn and corn in the milk; the remaining 80 per cent, of the corn is chiefly waste grain picked up here and there, mainly in winter, and of no economic value. In tho case of cultivated fruits, the loss ia trivial. The same xa true of the egga and young of poultry and wild birds, the total for the year amounting to only one per cent, of the food. As an offset to his bad habits, the crow ia to be credited with the good in destroying noxious insects and other injurious animals. Insects form 26 per cent, of the entire food, and the great ms jirity of these are grasshop pers, May beetle3, cutworms and other injurious kinds. In May and June,, during the May beetle season, these beetles form the principal insect food of the crow. Only a few stomachs do not contain them, and stomachs are often filled with them. The fact that the May-beetle season coincides with the breeding season of ths crow is of special importance, the principal in sect food of nesting crows consisting of these beetles. Grasshoppers occur in the stomachs throughout the year ; in August and through the fall, they con stitute by the greater part of tho in sect food, often occurring in astonish ing numbers, and forming the only in sect food. To tho same side of this scale must be added the destruction of mice, rabbits,- and other ir jarious rodents, by ths crow; Thus, in summing up the benefits and losses resulting from the food habits of this bird, it is clear that the good exceeds the bad, "and that tho crow ia a friend rather than an enemy of the farmer; he gets only three per cent, ot his food from your corn fiald, and in return, eats nine times as much of your injurious insects during the year. We must, also, not forget the good work the crow does aa a ecaven gcr. : ' ' . ' , Son-e intcUigcnt farmers who realize tho money value of the Ecrviccs of the crows, either feed them bid corn dur ing tho time when the growing corn ia in tho milk, cr else tar the corn before planting, in both cases protecting themselves from tho injury the birds may do, and at the earns time, insur ing their help in" destroying the pests that will surely menace tho maturing crop. One man states that it costs him but one half bushel of com and the time required to scatter a little around his 10 acre corn field, to protect, thia field from the crows; the crows are very numerous, but no corn ia pulled. Therefore, I would advisa C E. not to attemps to kill ths crowa, but rather to encourage them to frequent his farm. , . RATS! Prof. W. F Massoy Eays: There ia no doubt that most of the trouble from rata and mica comes from the faulty construction of farm build ings and the slovenly habits of many farmers in eUo wing accumulations of rubbish under which the rats can har bor. We live in a houso which was built with especial pains to exclude all chances for rats getting, into it. Have been in it seven years, and though there are rats all around the neighbor hood, we have never seen nor heard one here. Now and then a few mice get in, but they are easily disposed of by choker traps and cats. On the farm the first thing should be to build or re new the outbuildings eo that there will bo no place for the rats to hide and no way for them to get into the corn crib and granaries. Then keep soma good cat3 and do not have them stay any where but about the barn?. Never feed them in the dwelling, but always let them have milk at the barn, and they will stay there. ; The Maltese we have found $o4e the best -of all barn cats.. They , are lurge and strong enough to fight the largest rat, and are generally good hunters. Keep mainly female carto raise new broods, for they hunt more vigorously when they have young to feed.r Lhave Been a cat lug in a rabbit as large as herself for her young to feast upon, and I had as lief see them get the rabbits as the rats.' Do not monkey with the whito rats, just as well have grey ones. Cannot see any benefit from swapping colors. Do not try to poison rats, as you will be sure to make a nuisance about the place, and &s one of our correspond ents says, "one dead rat is worsa on the place, than a dozen live ones." If constant watchfulness and cleanliness are observed the rats will never in crease to a dangerous degree, and the cats will be able to keep them in check. We have seen a wire trap here that will catch them wonderfully fast at first, but they soon learn to avoid any trap. Traps seldom catch the old ratal We once had a cellar badly infested by rats which had burrowed under the earthen floor in all directions coming down outside along tho brick wall. We were near a tin can factory and noticed a wonderful pile of scrap tin of all de grees of sharpness. The proprietor readily gave us the pile. We dug around tho wall on the outside and rammed the trench full of the tin scraps and grouted them with cement. Then the floor of the cellar was dug out and a number of rats killed while doing it. A layer a foot thick of the tin, scraps was pounded down solid and then the cement grouting poured over the whole. When well set a good coat of smooth cement was placed over tho whole to make a solid floor. No rat was ever known in that cellar afterwards, though we killed 36 in digging up the earthen floor. In a frame house we once built we placed on the sills between the weatherboarding and theplastering for two feet above Ee silla small screened gravel of water rounded sort, making it all perfectly clean of earth that could bind it and all of the uni form size of a marble. Hats could not get up through this and make holes as the loose gravel rolled in on them as fast as moved, and we never had any rats there. . Thi3 we belisve to be the best plan for the protection of a frame house. Then make the flooring run flush and tight against the weather boarding eo as to give no chance to get behind it. We thank our correspond ents for the full discussion to day, and hope that in the busy season now on hand they will not forget tho PooL A prosperous and intelligent yeo manry is a country's greatest pride. 'Greatness may mature in tho metro polis, but it must begin in tho country. " ii When times are hard with the far mer tho budnczs 'community is ia dis tress.' ' '" aOETIOULTUEE ONIONS. There is no more wholesome vege table grown than the cdoroua and much de3pised--cnion. " No ens who eats freely cf onions will ever bo troubled with sleeplessness nor serious blood troubles. They clear the blood of theso poisona which produce rheu matism and muddy complexions, an 2 thos3 nations that eat of onions with the greatest freedom are the one3 most freo from illscf this kind. Onicns when grown from seed should bo planted within a few days in order to havo time to mature a full crop, but wherb ects are used they may be put out at any time while the Eets aro in the market. The rows should ba fifteen inches apart and the onions three inches in the rows. The land cannot bo made -too rich or too fino before planting. Put in fine manure or ashes, if you have them, work the soil over and over until they are fine as dust, and eow the seed or put in the seta The cultivation should never ba deep, and the soil should never ba disturbed below one inch from the eurf ace at any time during the season. The onion throws out roots near the surface, and as they aro not very long tho soil should ba rich and the cultivation shallow. 2f ever ridge the soil up the rows. The ideal onion bed is one where thebulb3 grow above the ground for -more than half their siza. It is a common remark that onions agree with but few people. Anyone who eats them regularly will soon find, any trouble of this kind gonaasweli as other and more more serious ones 4 very often. ; I Those who'do not eat them bscauco of the odor they leave on tho breath ; are more nice than wiso.Scuthcra Cultivator. :'' : : . ... V ' LIME. ' ' Perhaps a great many cf tho trucb and fruit growers v do not place any confidence in lime, to be mixed in tho soil or be thrown on the land under tho bearing trees. I wil give you a little experience of mine: February 15th, 1897, I had about a hundred seedling peach trees, that had been formerly planted or healed in, given to me. I had them dug up and brought to our place; on looking at the foliage I saw something was wrong and I began to investigate. I looked at the root first and I found tho trouble to ba a disease. They were literally covered with root knots (memstodes), a species : of ecl worms. What to do with them I hardly knew,, but I dug a trench away from my garden, - and other trees, and used them for experimental work. I could -not find any remedy for their cure and I tried tho following: I gave the bottom cf the trench a coating of slack lime, and eat in the trees, and threw lime on tho roots then partially filled in with dirt and gave another lot of lime, and filled tho trench and firmed'the soil with my feet, and left tha trees to live or die. "They lived," This spring I dug up tho trees and made an examination of the : roots, and they were as free and perfect roots as I ever saw, no disease or knots to ba seen, and while borers were at work on eomo cf the other trees, thesa were frea from them. That convinced mo of this: Lime, if prop erly placed on disascd roots, will euro. If the readers of Truck Grower will correspond with the Alabama Experi mental Station,' at Auburn, Ala., an& ask for Bulletin No. 92r they will get eomo information as to -lima on caact soils, the'work of Prof. F. S. Earlaand mj sslf, I was talking with'lr. Pill man, of Pillman Bros., commission, merchants, cf St. Louis, Mo., in regard to peaches for their market. Ho stated to mo that one man shipped to, tiem whesa fruit was tha best, and brought fancy prices, whila ethers from tha came loeality would hardly bring enough to pay freights. One day Mr. Pillman asked him what ha did tc his trec3 in order to havo such fine fruit. Ho said, "Coma to my placo and I wiU show you." Bo Mr. PHlinan called ca'tho grower, and found that he cultivated- tha . land and used zlzctz lima sown broadcast ; under . his trccx" ' Thus another fact. .' I would not advico- : a Etrcng application,; but takc-'afow.,-trecs -and givo thcznatrial, and note tha results A. W. Orr, in Southern-. Fruit and Truck Grower.-. . . ' . .
The Progressive Farmer (Raleigh, N.C.)
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June 21, 1898, edition 1
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