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THE INDUSTRIAL AND EDUCATIONAL INTEEESTS OF QUE PEOPLE PARAMOUNT TO ALL OTHER CONSIDERATIONS OE STATE POLICY.
Vol. 13.A ;
RALEIGH, IT. C, AUGUST 16, 1898.
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fure curj
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edicine ij
Inw nrirf
pUBLISi BD WEEKLY
.Xcrution expll
Sar .;UTirTi TV-ill 1
ti j iiAte on
yo
ibel tells tou when your
iReceipts for money on
ven m change of date on
label, if ot piop
notify os. i
icharged in two weeks.
Money at rur rik if sent by rf gt-'ered letter
orn:oney order. Flc-ase don't send etam ps.
Ho ure to give both old arid tew addrtsses in
ordering charge of postr-ffice.
. ipaii of Advertising Rates: ten cents per agate
iine. Liberal discounts for lime and space.
We want intelligent correspondents in every
rointv ia the State. We want facts of value
Tv-iilts accomplished of value, experiences of
value plainly and brieflv to d. One solid,
demonstrated tact, is worth a thousand theo
ries. The Editor: are rot responsible for the views
of C'- rresiondents.
The Progressive Farmer is the Official
Orcan of the Noith Carolina Farmers' State
Allia-ce.
1 am standing new just behind the
artain, and in full glow of the coming
mnset. Behind me are the ihadews cn
ite track, before me lie the darh valley
ird the river, WJien I mingle tcith its
lark waters I vcant to cast one linger
ng look upon a country whose govern
ment is o f the people, for the people,
mJ by the peovlerL. lu Pclk, uulf
;th, 1890.
xiDITORIAL NOTES.
What would Z ;b. Vanca have said,
bad he seen the recent Democratic
State Convention repudiate silver and
put F. M. Simmcne, whom he declared
unfit to hold a Federal effise, at the
head of tho parry ? Can the News and
Distorter tell us?
The News and Observer of August
10th brought the startling information
that the 3 amor editor of this paper
wa3 also a pie eater, or cfliceholder.
We supposed that Col. Josephua, in
roaming over the earth in eearch of
pie such as he once ate at Cleveland's
pie counter, had found our slice tucked
away somewhere. But it has not been
delivered. Therefore the question
arises: Did Col. Josephus maliciously
capture, confiscate and conceal this
slice of pie, variety and dimensions to
tw unknown! Lst us hear hi3 version
of the affair.
. The importance of the annexation of
"friwaii was overshadowed by war
matters and few people have even yet
taken time to consi der the value of this
"pearl and paradise of the Pacific,''
ever which "old Glory" now floats.
The island was discovered in 1542 by
Gaetano, a Spanish navigator. In 1639,
the French attempted to get possession
0! the island, but were checkmated by
the King, and in 1813 English aggres
sions followed. Bat, providentially, it
3:ems, European occupancy has been
prevented, and the "Gibraltar of tbe
Pacific" is now a part cf Uncle Sam's
domain. Tho soil is wonderfully pro
deceive, sugar being the chief crop. In
the matter of exports, Hawaii has an
eiviable record. For several yea, 8
pist her experts have been larger in
prepcrtien to her population tbanthcro
of any other country in tho world.
The exports for the last ten years are
viluod at 99 000,000, while the p-pu
J&tioc ia only 80.000. This shows that
every year for every man, woman and
child m tLe country, $125 worth of
that country's products are sent out!
Sneer ut the people as we may, this is
conviaciog proof that they are inius
trious, and an mdu-?tricus people eel
dem give much trouble. But we join
an exchange in urging that the island
be given an American name or some
name that the people can nronounce..
III fares the tchool to hastening ills a
Drev
Where wealth anry.imnlntM n.nd men
denv.
PrillCea and DntAa m fl-mriah nr
mav fadfi-
A breath mAr mb-o tKom o a o hrpftth
has made,
'U' the education that panders to the
money changers in the temple and
to aav to the smut trusts of the
ountry: "Behold the hire of tne
awrerj who have reaped down your
which is of you kept back by
1 - . j
cr;eth; and the cries of them
7ni:i have raaned ars fintered into the
of the Lord of Sabaoth" euch an
u -j--:oa is not Christian education.
J i: ag it 13 possible that our position
a 32 misunderstood by some who
ir- t j misunderstand we will
-V tit our noto in cur last i39ue re
4r-iia thid matter does not apply to
'lieges where the amount received
'-n crusts is comparatively as small
' tho CAee of moat North Carolina
ge3. In such cases tho inflaence
trust money is small and is usually
-re than nnnntnrhnl
"WW VMiUUVtU V J VMW
Jglllg5
larger eums received from honest toil
ers. Only one college in this Scatehas
we believo thus far b3en led astray.
And we doubt not that when the good
pupjw ui iqb j?ietnoaisc unurca in
North Carolina have an opportunity cf
speaking ia the matter they will Bay
with one of their most honored laymeD,
Judge Clark, that thfa hint fthftll rr.
moved from Trinitv's fair nama and
this grand old institution will again go
forth "conquering and to conquer" sin
and ignorance in whatever ahann nr
form.
We wish, however, to point again to
the treatment of Prof. Bemis. Prof.
Ey, and President Andrews as samples
of tho nefarious work which may te
expected if the trusts secure acontroll
ing iLfluence in any of our colleges.
The safest plan, wo thiDk, is to ac
cept no money whatever from monop
olies, since it is admitted that they
"are unjust, jeopard freedom, stifle
trade, and cause tho people to euff er."
Can they then have good intentions
ia giving to Christian colleges which
are expected to plead the cause of the
very ones whom monopolies oppress?
Will anyone answei? Until this is
don?, we shall not consider this an at
tack on Christian education.
Here, for instance, is a gift from a
truss. Will anyone deny that others'
hope and happinees are buried in it;
the comforts of true Christians eacri
ficed to it; others' rights buried in it;
tbe opportunities cf struggling men
smothered in it ; their chances strangled
by it; their growth stunted by it; ana
in amassing the fortune, that tho trust
caused other men to have a smaller
loaf and a meaner heme? Does that
trust desire Christian education the
kind that Christ desires, the kind that
teaches that such trusts are un Chris
tian, unhcly and unlawful? No, a
thousand times, No 1 Not all the eulo
gies imaginable can make euch a gift
"holy, blessed and beautiful." The
cureeof tho Living God is upon it, and
upon euch methods. We are willing,
we are anxious, that colleges shall re
ceive gifts, but we shall not refuse to
chart cterfzo euch "benefactors" as
"conspirators and scoundrels," even
though they attempt toeocure the sup
port cf colleges by pouring a part of
their ill gotten gains into the college
treasuries. We shall refuse to believo
that in so doing we attack Christian
education. God doesn't need the help
of the devil or of devilish schemers to
further the causo of Christian educa
tion. Suppose that Chriet wero now
alive on earth in bodily form
8appoee, too, that some fiend should
rcb him, and beat him, and carry a
part of the goods taken from the Holy
Ono to some religious college and say,
"I give this for Christian education,"
Wou'.d you believo him siLcsre? But
today, in this enlighted, Christian age,
a giant trust goes to a Christian college
and laying down a portion of its unholy
blood money, says:
"I give this for
Christian education."
Tho world ap
plauds; a religious paper says the gift
n "holy and bleased ;" tne thoughtless
thank the donor. Bud a few are listen
ing for the voice of Gxl and they heor
the voice of Him who spake as never
man spake, saying: "i was an
hungered and ye gavo mo no meat; I
was thirsty and ye gave me no drink ;
naked and ye clothed me not. Inas
much a3 ye did it not unco the least of
these my brethren, ye did it not unto
mo."
In these few words Christ sums up
the meaning of Christianity and teach
es that he who robs His followers lobs
Him. Where then is a viler hypocrite
than the monopolist who robs Christ's
followers and then pretends to want
Christian education?
We do not think we are wrong in in
sisting that the purpose of these men
is to hinder rather than to further the
cause of Christian education.
The fir;ht is on the irrepressible con
flict between Christian education and
plutocratic education. There can be
no compromise. There is no middle
ground, the education that pleases
plutocracy, Mammon, 'cannot please
God, and cannot bo Christian educa
tion. We have chosen whom we will
serve. We await to see how soon other
men and their papers will do likewise.
They have got to do it.
We have as we see it, only the best in
terests of Christian education at heart,
and tho man who aays that wo wish to
destroy confidenca ia any Christian in
stitution, is simply deceived or a de
ceiver. That's all.
Now, if the Recorder wishes its read
ers to understand our position, will it
reprint this statement?
Perhaps a certain religious jurnal
of thfs State which sometimes defends
the cigarette manufacturer, can find
lime to attack the Southern Tobaccon
ist, a journal devoted to the interests
of tobacco growers, tobacco, and to
bacconists of all kinds and varieties,
for publishing the following item:
"Cigarette sales and smoking are ab
soluely prohibited in Oakland, tCal ,
and giving them away is a misdemean
or. It is unlawful for minors to smoke
in any public place. This makes
healthier men, better fitted for the
duties of manhood's life and the er joy
ment of it after all. When prohibition
prohibits the protection is in the right
direction, making men of sounder
nerves, mind and body. No one doubts
this." When a tobacco journal has
the courage to acknowledge that the
scientists are right and that cigarettes
injure tto "nerves, mind and body,"
what shall we think of a religious
journal which defer da them cr those
who manufacture then.' ?
AGRICULTURE.
A BUSINt S3 EDUCATION FOR
THE FARMER.
In thesa days of improved methods
of carrying on the ordinary work of
the farm ; of intensive, that i?, strictly
scientific farming; these days of close
competition in all lines of business, it
becomes absolutely necessary that the
successful farmer must be one who
reads and studies closely tho minutest
details of his particular line, whether
it bo general farming or fruit growing
The man who hopes to make a success
on the farm must be sufficiently well
informed to give an intelligent reason
for everything which he does that be
ing given a cause he can tell the t ff set,
and vice versa, says the North Ameri
can Horticulturist.
Bat while this education in matters
relating to the work of the farm is
necessary, there ia another sort of cdu
cation almost as essential to anything
like complete success. This is a thor
ough business training for the farmer.
Agriculture ia both a business and an
industry. In the . higher organization
of our commercial system it is becora
ing more and more necessary for a
farmer to understand the ways of the
business world for him to be financially
a euccess. The soil is really the source
of all our wealth, but through lack of
organization, business perception and
business methods it is unfortunately
true that much of this wealth ia lost to
th.9 farmer which otherwise might be
retained. There are among our far
mera many men of keea business in
stincts and abilities who keep a close
run of their affairs, and despite hard
times manage to make good profits and
continually add to their wealth; but
there are also very many who, although
they work hard and practice a rigid
economy, barely manage to make a
living, and a poor one at that. As a
rule this latter class keep no systematic
record of their business, and become
hopelessly in debt before they realize
it. But it is well for all that it is be
coming more and more understood
that it pays for the farmer to become
a business man. Seme of our shrewd
farmers are sending their sons to busi
ness colleges, not that they may be
fitted for office employment, but for
giving them tho ability to conduct sya
tematically the affairs of the farm
Farmers' boys who have the advantage
of a thorough course in a business col
lege are much more apt to make a sue
cesa of farming than those who are un
versed in the principles of business.
We believe that the time ia not far dis
tant when a business education will be
considered as much of a necessity for
a young farmer aa it now ia for a young
merchant
A GOOD PLOW.
Very little is said about plowing
through any of our farm papers, and
as it 13 a thing on which so much de
pends in the starting and raising of
crops probably a friendly talk might
be appreciated by the readers of Tho
Stockman and Farmer. I am not a
plow maker or interested in the manu
facture of plows, and all I know is
what I have learned by forty years of
experience between the plow handles,
and that without glove3 on. When ten
years old I was put at the job and have
not missed a year since.
First of all procure a good plow.
Taere is as much difference in the run
ning and handling of plows as any im
plement on the farm, and a plow that
doea not work well is one of the very
wordt piece8 of property that the far
mer can have. Secure a plow that ia
of good size, one that can be worked
with either two or three horse3 and
that will turn 4 inch furrows and that
smooth and even. . Have a plow that
will run steady and level on the bot
tom of the share and above all one that
will scour in all kinds of ground, for if
there i3 anything that will try the
farmer's patience it ia a plow that won't
ec our. In our Miami valley we have
several varietiea of soil, and in some
localitiea a black, loose loam that takea
the very best plows to operate success
fully. To get a plow that will fill the bill is
not an easy matter. Having tried several
different kinds and finding all deficient
last epring I concluded to try a seel
beam and got one which comes the
cearesfc of suiting me of any plow that
I have yet handled. While it is made
strong it ia light and durable, runs
easy and turns a 14 inch furrow right.
Hai a first class j inter for sod or
trashy ground, ana works as well with
two as three hordes, and vice versa.
Can be changed in an instant from two
to three horse?.
As to sulky plows I am not struck on
them. Have owned three and got clear
of them. Tne best I have seen is the
Clawson tulky attackment to which
any plow can be attached. While I
have not tried it I think the steel beam
plow I spoke of with this sulky would
work to perfection.
Another point that should be men
tioned 3 to have a plow that will leave
a clean furrow. Not only does this
look better, but it is better, also much
easier both for the plowman and horse
to walk in. Some might think this a
very small matter, but after following
both one half day will prove that the
clean furrow is for the best, as there
are no clods or loose ground to pass
over, which makes the walking hard.
J. L Van Doren, Miama Co., O.
THE FARM HOME.
It is better to instruct your family
and make them happy at home than it
is to charm strangers or amuse friends.
A silent house ia a dull place for young
people, a place from which they will
escape If they can. Send your children
out into the world with the full belief
that there is no place like home aye,
be it ever so homely.
Parenta should not fail to consider
the great value of home music. Buy
a good instrument of some kind and
teach the young folks to sing and play,
then they can produce sufficient music
at heme themselves, so the sons will
not think of looking elsewhere for it,
cud thus often be led into dena of vice
and immorality. The reason so many
make every effort possible to get away
from home at night i3 the lack of en
tertainment at home. Music is to the
ear and intellect what peaches and
other luscious fruita are to the taste.
One of the greatest attractions for old
and young to the citiea is the sweet
music that may. be heard there. Why
should not the farmer's household be
cheer ul, aa full of pleasure, as that of
the merchant or the professional man?
Songs learned in childhood are like
birds nesting in their bosom; their
notes will be heard and loved in after
years. Home should be made so truly
home that the weary, tempted heart
could turn toward it anywhere on the
dusty highway of life and secure light
and strength.
Even aa the sunbeam ia composed of
milliona of minute rays, the heme life
must be constituted of little tender
nesses, kind looks, sweet laughter, gen
tie words and loving counsels.' It must
not be like the torch blaza of natural
excitement, which ia easily quenched,
but like the serene chastened light,
which burns as safely in the dry east
wind aa in the stillest atmosphere. Let
each bear the other's burden the while
let each cultivate the mutual cocfi
dence, which is a gift of increase and
improvement; soon it will ba found
that kindliness will spring up on every
side, displacing constitutional unsuita
bility, even as we have seen sweet
violets dispelling the gloom of the gray
eea rocks.
If the spirit of congenial friendship
lurks not in the hearta of the inmates
of a dwelling, it is not a heme. If
love reign not there, if charity spreads
not her downy mantle over, if peace
prevail not, if contentment be not a
meek and merry dweller therein, if
virtue reara not her beautif ui children,
the home is not complete. Ex.
Shallow cultivation is the thing dur
ing a drouth. The soil that is stirred
up spreads over the moist s'oil under
neath and acta aa a cork to stop the
soil tubea which would let the water
out. Bat the top layer itself becomes
dry from exposure to the air. Hence
the thinner the top layer is made, the
better. Besides with many crc-ps tb
deep soil ia now full of roots and too
deep stirring tears themeff and causes
the plants to wilt. Use a fine tooth
harrow or cultivator in the field and a
rake in the garden. The finer the sur
face the better it will hold down the
moisture. Bat fine soil will skim over
easily after every shower and will then
need stirring again. Ploughman.
RED CLOVER AND GRASS.
If cot too dry September is tho best
time for sowing clover and grass, and
if not already begun preparation of
land should no longer be delayed, eaya
Southern Cultivator. The soil should
be brought into a state of finest tilth,
for the eeeda are small, the supply of
nutriment in them for the young plant
is very limited, and it ia compelled to
draw upon the soil very quickly for
its food. Every facility' therefore must
be given its roots to epre&d in search
of it. Small seeda must be covered
very lightly, and as the surface soil is
likely to dry rapidly the roller should
follow the narrow to compact the soil
and allow moisture to rise to the sur
face, as it may be seen to do in a track
print in loose soil. Orchard and tall
meadow oat grass may be sown with
red clover, aa they mature at tha same
time and are ready for the mower at
the same time. Both of these grasses
succeed well at the South. Red top
and white clover go well together for
pastures, and for damp soils. Both
red top and timothy ripen too late to
bo sown with red clover. Timothy
does very well in northern portions cf
the cotton belt when sown on rich val
ley lands, but ia not commended for
general culture in the cotton States.
NOTES FOR AUGUST.
While waiting for the maturity cf
the spring sown crops, let attention be
given to the preparation of the land
for wheat seeding. This work is too
often put eff much too long, and as a
consequence we do not make the yields
which we are capable of dohog. In
this issue will too found an article on
this subject, to which we ask atten
tion. Winter oats should be seeded in the
month of September. Let the work of
preparing the land for thia crop receive
attention thia month. Do not follow
the too common practice of selecting
Borne of the poorest land on the farm
for this crop. Whilst oats will make
a better yield on poor land than many
other crops, yet they will always pay
better when grown on good land, and
it is poor policy not to give them a
chance of .paying well for the labor in
volved ia their production.
August and September are the best
months ia the year for seeding gras3.
Doa't waste time pulling fodder.
Whea the corn is glez2d and harden
ing, cut up at the root and save the
whole crop, and not merely the blades
and corn. Half the feed value of the
of the corn crop is in the stalks, blades
and shucks, and if these are saved and
run through the cutter, or, better still,
the shredder, will enable a much larger
quantity of etook to be kept through
the winter and make the crop a much
more profitable one. Ycu cannot tff ord
to waste half a crop. Southern
Planter.
THREE VAYS WITH
BONES.
WASTE
To get rid cf bones there are three
simple and cheap ways. Firat: grind
or cut them for the poultry. The fowls
will get the food value out of the bones
and will return most of the fertilizing
value in the manure. This ia the bett
way to use bones, because we get pay
for them in egga and also in m anure.
But not everybody has a bone mill, and
some of the harder bones are not easy
to be broken up.
Second: bury the bonea under on h
ard trees or under vines, and bury
them deep enough to stop the hoga
from trying to dig them out. By thia
method the planter will need to wait a
lifetime nearly, before getting full fer
tilizer value of the bonea, but if a tree
gets a very liberal dose of bonea it will
begin to show the effect.
Third : burn the bones in the kitchen
stove. Everything will be burned away
but the phosphate cf lime. The bonea
mixed with wood make a hot fire and
they have some value as fuel. The
ashes are a good fertilizer.
Bones may be composted or treated
with sulphuric acid if desired, but
comparatively few farmers care to
bother with any but the simplest of
ways. Massachusetts Plowman.
THE POULTRY YARD.
OVER-FEEDING POULTRY.
The American Cultivator remark
that it may be true, aa a writer in an
exchange says, that those who have
purebred fowls, as wo prefer to call
them, standard bred birds, are so mixts
interested in them that they feed them
too liberally, giving them more than is
sufficient for their sustenatce, and
ioerhapa tempting them with euch a
variety that they take-more than they
would if they were fed as tho farmer
usually, or often, feeds hi3,with a littler
grain thrown out when he happens to
be near the grain bin and sees the fowls
standing about looking as if they were
hungry. We had not thought of thia
aa a reason why some people complain
that their hens, well fed and well cared
for, do not furnish a3 many eggs as
oiher flocks which apparently receive
but little care. We had thought that
the man who had invested the money?
required to start a flock of standard
bred fowl would also read poultry or
agricultural papers to know how to
feed them; but aa our memory goes
over the list of such parties that wo
kno it recalls many an one who
knows but little about fowls or their
care, and who are not likely to know
much more unless they learn it by sad
experience. They are in almost every
neighborhood where we are acquainted
Can we produce hena that will lay
200 egga per annum? WithouLa doubt
How ? By scient.fi 1 breeding, as for a
good butter cow or a good milker,
for a good trotting or high jumping
horse. Experiments have been made
to increase the number of rowa of com
on the cob with success. The same
m thod is applicable to poultry breed
ing. We will start with a hen that lays
120 eggs. Some of her chicks will lay
150 per year. From these we will pick
out layers, and so oa till 200 or better,
are the result. At the same time it is
jast as essential to br ed out males
from the prolific layers aa it ia the
females. In fact, it ia more so. If we
look after thejbreeding of the femRi
only we will introduce on tJo male side
blocd which ia lacking in proficiency
and thua check every attempt in pro
gresa. It ia just aa essential that the
male should be from a hen which laid
175 egga and from a male that was bred
from a hen that laid 150 eggs aa it is
that the hen was from one that laid
175 egea and whose mother laid 150
egga. Ex. m, m tm.
YOU CANT DO IT.
You can't keep chickens in health
without grit.
You can't make egga from food that
produces fat.
You can't make a hen' set until she
wants to.
You can't keep fowla in good con
dition without green food of some kind.
You can't make profit with an over
crowded yard.
Ycu can't keep fowla in good con
dition that are literally covered with,
lice.
You can't put braina into an incu
bator and brooder.
You can't succeed without hard
work.
You can't have a good gro vth by in
breeding. You can't get any satisfaction out o
a lazy hen.
You can't become a successful fancier
until you have become well versed in-,
poultry culture.
You can't afford a big expense in
this business ; the less help you have,
the better. Ex.
A CHICKEN-PROOF FENCE.
I have tried various modea of fencing
chicken yarda, with more or lees suc
cess, but never found anything that
gave really good satisfaction until re
cently. One of my former difficulties
was to so arrange the po3ta that the
fowla could not alight on the top and
then hop out.
Two years ago I built another yard
and worked another idea into my
fence. I procured some short poats
four or five feet long and placed them
in the ground the usual depth. I then,
finished out the remaining necessary
height by nailing a three inch board
to the outer edge so that it made the
post six and one half feet high. At tho
bottom I placed two six inch boards
five inches apart. I then used five
foot wire netting, which was put on ia
the usual way, making a fence between
six and seven feet high. American.
Poultry Advocate.