Newspapers / The Progressive Farmer (Raleigh, … / Sept. 27, 1898, edition 1 / Page 1
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itftt Proves- best adycrti. Tl9 cicdium in N. jK printer.' Ink. Has the largest circulation of any family agricultu ral or political paper published between Rich mond and Atlanta THE IKDUSTBIAL AND EDUCATIONAL INTEKESTS OF OUE PEOPLE PARAMOUNT TO ALL OTHEE CONSIDERATIONS OF STATE POLICY. fol. I3 EALEIGH, N. C, SEPTEMBER 27, 1898. No. 34 '..wirra OGSESSIYE SMMtt r? '1 Jl 11 J 'PUBLISHED WE-rKLY I-",,tfl on your label tells you when your Tic0'. i ottiItph. RfirplnfA for rnnnv on awion will be given in change of date on .'hfCrii'.' . mnnprlv chanced in two wppta. A. ii A J ' cer order, rica&e, aon i scna siamps. e to give both old and new addresses in erioS change of postofflce. 7To7dvertislng Rates: ten cents per agate 7Znt intelligent correspond en ts in every $7li f the State. We want tacts of value " accomplished of value, experiences of Slt plainly and briefly toid. One solid, rited fact, is worth a tnousand theo- '.& Editort are rot responsible for the views j cc rreeronaents. T7- tsinfitTtn now fust behind the .,77 nlninof the comma ,S. Bcitnd me are (Ae shadows on 5 rie rWr. Wen J minoe tci to its 5k uxxferj tranf to cast one linger counfn ujJwwe oorern- tt, MO- EDITORIAL NOTES. ihnut 12 500 haa now been collected thfl oroposed monument to Ensign Worth Barley, largely in subscriptions of $1 and teg. We very much regret to hear that the publication of the Arena, the famous reform magazine, has been dis continued. It was a power for good. The editorials, 44The cause of Spain's Decline," and A cmzm uuues, prp crowded out last week, but it is not yet too late to heed the suggestions contained in them. . m Don't forget that B P. Montague, a democratic lawyer appointed Jim Ianng to inspoct White Blind Institu fcn. When next you hear a Demo ctf howling "negro domination" call v-nttfintion to this. It's a stunner. ilt'e recent convention of the Pop- party of the Ninth Congressional Isact, H:n. Gao. E Boggs, of Way sarille, was nominated for Congress rithout opposition. The Populists of ti3t district made no mistake in this selection. The popularity of some great men E3y be slightly guessed at by glancing tiroueh the list of recently established posieffijea. You will find ten named "Dawey " four named 3igebee," four used "Shatter," two named "Hob Kn"'and two named '8chley," while lampaon," t48imonton" and "Kilgo" tave one each. m The Raleigh Post. Chatham Racord, Dunn Union, Njws and Observer are also guilty of gross deception or igno r&ce in the matter of expenditures by fce present administration. Let the naiers of these papers watch them. If tey cojrect their written statements, rtrihntn frhpir prror to ienorance: if I tcey do uot, they must admit it is da J ception. In 1S92, the Democratic orators made fee welkin ring with cries of Force Bfl." Force Bill wis on every Damo crit8 lios and men who were wis9 sacugh to see that it was nothing but apolitical Ecare crow were said to be bribed or unpatriotic. Now that the mocratic orators have another scare- :row 'Negro domination." Within !es3 than six years people will see that it also is a mere bugaboo. It is with pleasure we print this eek the very excellent account of the ork of Juetica Alliance by Bro. W. H. 3 tailings. We trast that every fcrrner and every Aliianceman will rid the article. Why can't men of a)l parties get together in every farm nebhhnrhnnd and have such a club? 0' course they can. And why would 1:not do good? Every one tnowB it w!d do good. Then why not have Can you answer that question? J:ir. read the following from the and Observer of Augufct 17, 1892: "Pr--?eident Cleveland appointed a 'ro Minister to Liberia. He ap- J3ia:r-d a Democratic negro to cflae in 2 Dhtriet of Columbia and fUso ap- Pint -. d another negro to tnice in Mis-8-hus3tts. It ma? a matter that not concern u. Ho thought it was rit to recognize the fact that there millions of negroes in the country 0vfcr which he wa9 President. He did Tfbooressivk Farmer is the Official ojgaaof the Scrth Carolina Farmers' State fiance. recogniza that fact. He thought the Dem jcratic negroes at the North ought to be encouraged. He did encourage them. Ho thought it would strengthen the Democratic party in the doubtful 8tates at the North where the negroes hold the balance of power to show the negroes that the Democrats were not unkindly disposed toward their race. He did that No man truly in earnest in the contest of the masses against the classes will find in his con duct any reason to repudiate him." The News and Observer can stand the negro when he's Democratic. Bee? y. m When the Populist Executive Com mittee found that they were compelled to decline the belated fusion proposi tion of the Democrats on October 15 sh, 1S96, the News and Observer gave vent to its feelings in big headlines next morning saying: FALSE TO THEIR FAITH t4The Populists Prove their Insincerity to 8ilver Decides to Stick to the Re publicans and Gold." It also strongly intimated that the Populists had sold out to the monop olists and British goldbugs," and said that 4the men and machines that op posed the sentiment would be crushed." But when the Democrats without ex cuse, refueed the Populist proposition to cooperate on principle, the News and Observer had not a word to say except that "The sun rises this morn ing on a united Democracy," etc. If you are not blind, you can see. The Carthage Blade recently said that Capt. A. M. Clarke, of Southern Pinea, had author) zsd it to eay that he would support the ticket put in the field by the Democratic convention of Moore county. Capt. Clarke is out in a card saying : "I never said so, and I never author ized you nor anyone else to say any thing of the kind. Now, sir, knowing some of tin gentlemen connected with the Blade to be honest men, and hop ing all of them are, I ask you kindly, in ycur next issue, to publish this, my letter in denial of the above statement in issue of 31st ult." A private letter from Moore county say 8: 4This it like the statement recently published in that paper that 25 Pops near Carbon ton had gone to the Demo crats. We have asked for the names, but cannot get one Three men in thi3 county, though, have gone back. Two of these have been running rail road excursions and are bought over by the railroads. The other was nom inated by the Democrats for county commissioner, a weak illiterate man. We will have some recruits from the Democrats to make up any loss." A CITIZEN'S DUTIES. Few persons realize the importance of the ballot the responsibility that rests upon citizens in choosing the law makers of the land. It is a duty that each man owes his fellow men to study the political problems of the day. It is. perhaps, unfortunate that in the matter of voting, as in other things, "no man livetn unto himself," and if your vote elects a bad man, your neighbor who voted against him must bear as much of the evils resulting from his election a3 you do. For this, and other good reasons, the man who sells hi3 vote should ba severely pun ished. A man has a perfect right to eell his cow, his home, or even his body, perhaps, for such sales as this a flee: only himeelf and family. Bat the man who stifiles his conscience and votes, or attempts to vote his fellow men into political slavery for money, is little short of a criminal and should be dealt with as such. And the creature who would tempt his poverty stricken fel low man to vote contrary to the die tatea of conscience for money, and the employer who by threats of discharge attempts to do the same thing, should be made to feel and know that Ameri can liberty does not give one liberty to harm his fellow man. We hope that the laws for the punishment of euch offenders will not be tampered with by our next legislature unless it ia to make them stronger and a greater "terror to evil doer?." We believe that every citizen should join ong of the three political parties that one that gives the most sub stantial evidence of enacting into law the reforms wnicn ne believes are needed. Then he should labor to have the beat men in that party nominated for office. The b3at man for effise may not 03 the meekest in appearance or the man who quotes moat Scripture. By the best man we mean the man who if elected will do his country most good. The party boss does not alwayp favor the best man, but it is the citi zen's duty to nominate him, even if he has incurred the enmity of the boss by opposing some of his pet schemes. In fact the best way to do is to stick to a good leader, but drop him, as you would a hot potato, as soon as he de generates into a boss. 8teer clear of the party that fails to take a stand ; of the party that tries to retain both ele ments by endorsing one by words, and the other by acts. Investigate your candidate and the record of your party, also the records of other parties. If it claims to favor free silver, see if it haa always voted for it; if it claims to favor the gold standard, see if its Congressmen, are anti free silver; if it says it favors economy, see how its officers act and see if other parties have not saved more; if it claims to favor lower-pas senger rates, sea if it endorses those who "prove their faith by their works." We are glad to sea of late years that people realize that there has been, and is yet too much reckless voting and 'too much bending to partisan rule." First view the different parties from the standpoint of a man and a patriot; then be a Populist, a Prohibitionist, a Democrat, or a Republican, but first be a man and a patriot. We do not be lieve the Populist party of the State objects to having its record scrutinized and compared with the record of other parties. Each citizen makes his cwn choice. Let him do 80 without prejudice. The Progressive Farmer will stay in the fight, and while others may appeal to the prejudices of the people, we be lieve that they will not allow prejudice to triumph over reason, hence we shall use argument and truth as our weapons and leave the people to make their choice. And while we have had something to say of the man who bribes or intimi dates voters, we want a word also with that citizen who says that politics is so dirty that he takes no interest in it, and therefore refuses to read and reason on matters affecting his coun try's welfare. This citizen ia found in almost every neighborhood. He claims to be a Christian, and a man who is in tereated in the wellbeing of his coun trymen. He should remember that the reason he gives for 4staying cut of politics" ia the very reason why he should enter the political arena. If politics is dirty, if bad men are in con trol, then it is doubly important that every Christian man go into the thick of the fight and exert all his influence for good and for the election of good men. Very often euch men do not vote at all. But this citizen who refuses to read and reason wisely refuses to vote, A wor80 citizen is the brother who re fuses to read and reason, but insists on voting, when perhaps he can give no better reason for voting as he does than that his ((daddy voted for that party." Very likely that party is as fur away from the principles it advo cated in his "daddy's" days as the Equator is from the North Pole. If one of our soldiers in battle should load his gun and then fire inny and every direction and never notice whether he was firing at Spaniards or Americans, Uncle Sam would see that he was severely punished. Yet the man who goes to the polls and votes without having studied the questions, without knowing whether he ia hitting friends or enemies, is allowed to go scot free. We insist that he is a dan gerous chaiacter. And another word about the chap who can give no other reason for voting as he does than that his 4 'daddy voted that way": Suppose that in some battle with the Spaniards, a soldier from a Northern State had fired into the forces under command of General Wheeler. An officer ridea to him and icquire3 44what under the sun he ia shooting American soldiers for," and marches him away for trial, perhaps by courc martial. The only defense the soldier gives is this: His father was in the Union army and fought Wheeler and his Confederate cavalry. In shooting at Wheeler he was simply "shooting the way his father did." It is net at all likely that such a driveling idiot would ever be allowed to fiht in American ranks again. And yet are not th8 poor creatures who 4vote the way their fathers did," with out regard to merit, just a3 silly and comparatively as dangerous! AORICXJLTTJRE. A MAN WHO DESERVES THE THANKS OP THE SMALL FARMER. Correspondence of The Progressive Farmer. Your issue of 13 ib contaits an edi torial notice which eeems to require a brief statement from me. The favorable comment on new fea tures introduced into the Farm De partment of the Fair might be con strued as my work. In justice to the officers of the Bociety, I write this to disclaim any credit for the new classes and to explain that my name was put at the head of that department by the President, expecting that I might be able to serve the Society in the indi cated capacity. My time is pretty fully occupied and it is practically im possible for me to give the time which would be necessary to superintend the work. Therefore I declined to stand as the nominal head, and have fc usa ges ted the name of the man who really does the work as the one on whom to bestow the honor and credit. Thanking you for the compliment, and suggesting that the real author of the new prizes be looked up and his name given to the public, I remain, Yours sincerely, Frank E. Emery. LIMF, NITROGEN AND SODA. Correspondence of The Progressive Farmer. This is the subject of bulletin No. 47 of Rhode Island Station, written by Prof. H. J. Wheeler. A large number of expeiiments con ducted at the Rhode Island Station and upon farms in various portions of the State have given every indication that large tracts of land in Rhode Island cannot be made to grow clover success fully by the use of ordinary commer cial fertilizers, unslacked lime, wood ashes and some form of lime other than land plaster (gypsum), has been ap plied. Even large quantities of stable mam .e, unless applied annually, do not, n certain soils, insure an even standand a large crop of clover, though such applications do increase it to a marked extent. These experiments in different portions of the State have shown in a striking degree that what ia true of clover is also true of timothy and of Kentucky blue grass. One of the most strikiug object les sons which i3 to be seen at the present time is the wonderful effect of lime upon the growth of asparagus and also the superiority of nitrate of soda as compared with sulphate of ammonia as a source of nitrogen for this crop. The idea should not be gathered from what has been said that all plants are benefited by lime. Watermelons and musk melons show exactly opposite re quirements in this particular, musk melons being helped by it and water melons injured. About 150 varieties of plants have already been tested at the station to ascertain their require ments in this particular, A record of the rcaulta may be found in the annual reports of this station for the years 1893-97, inclusive. In 1S90 an experiment was begun at the same station for the purpose of comparing the relative t ffastiveness of like quantities of nitrogen in the form of nitrate of soda, sulphate of ammonia and dried blood. Similar experiments were conducted in a number of differ eat sections of the State. In most in stances nitrate of soda superior to the other forms of nitrogen. This was par ticularly true wherever the acidity of the soil was great. On a very sour soil, before applying lime to neutralizs it, sulphate of am monia proved poisonous rather than beneficial, and nitrogen in the form of dried blood was less than halt as ef?c tive as the same quantity in the form of nitrate of soda. Where lime was used in connection with these different for mi, instead of all ill efftct; being cb served from the sulphate of ammonia, it became a mo3t valuable manure. Experiments were also made to de termine whether soda could b3 made to take the place of potash as a fertili zer, as has been claimed by some writ era. Common salt is composed of chlo rine and sodium, and in that formeoda is very much cheaper than potash. The plants on the plais receiving soda were finer than those on the plats re ceiving nothing. But a chemical an alysis showed that they containei no more soda than those grown on the plats that received no soda. But they did contain more potash. Thia proves that the soda acted a3 lime.does;ic sots free the potash that is locked up in the soil in compounds that are not soluble in water, and hence cannot be taken into the sap C the plants. Soda, therefore, is not a fertil'z'r, but like lime it renders fertilizers al ready in the soil more available. J. L. Ladd. Bay City, Texas. FATTENING HOGS. Sweet potatoes have now pretty well completed their growth and should be fed very liberally to hogs. Hardier crops, as peanuts, may be held back for a later period, but potatoes, sor ghum and pease should be fed liberally. Pease are included not because they are liable to injury from frost, but because of their richness in protein, or nitro genous compounds, they supplement the deficiencies in most other foods, and animals thrive most on such mixed rations. As an animal needs a certain amount of each constituent of food in certain proportions, if a food is short on one of its constituents, an animal has to eat an excess of such food to get the proper amount of the deficient sub stance, and the excess of the other con stituents is thus practically lost. One constituient. as a rule, cannot take the place of another. Starch and sugar cannot make mu;cle. Push the fatten ing hogs now all they will bear. The weather will be cool enough for them to eat heartily without injury, but not cold enough to prevent their fattening rapidly. There is no better period in the year for fattening hogs than the next six or eight weeks. Do not forget to feed moderately at first any new food ; there is always danger of surfeit ing, or even worse results, from over feeding at first Ex, m m m TURNING UNDER PEAVINES. Is it better to turn under peavines whilst green, or after they are mature and dry ? asks Southern Cultivator. This depends on circumstances. If the vines are to be plowed under to en rich the land for a crop to be planted next spring, it is better to defer the plowing under until after frost. This is a result reached by experience &nd experiment. The explanation is not apparent. If the green vines are plowed under they decompose quickly; the nitrates resulting are liable to be leached out by winter rains and lost. So far it is pretty plain sailing. But if the vines are allowed to stand until they are dead, a part of the nitrogen they contained disappears, woody 8 terns which animals will scarcely eat remain and what becomes of the nitrogen they once contained? Does it escape into the air as a result of chem ical changes that develop in the vines, or 'is it carried down into the soil by rain? In the latter ca3e it would seem likely to be leached out and lost ; in the former case it would certainly be lost. When, however, a crop is to be started on the land soon after the green vines are plowed under, such crop can appropriate at once any nitrates that may form and thus no loss ensue. And if enough time ia allowed after vines have been plowed under for decompo sition to be well advanced, for any heat generated thereby to be dissipated, and the products of decompoiition to be available by a growing crop, the practice i3 an excellent one. The fear sometimes expressed by farmers that acids would f orm and prove injurious i3 not well founded. The first acid to be formed is carbonic acid, and unless in great excess it is not injurious. It is a gas and readily diffuses itself through the soil, and if in great excess may escape into the air. The other acids which may form such as humic and ulmic acids at once enter into combinations which are not only harmless but bent filial. The most ob jectionable feature connected with the plowing under of a rank growth of vines is that they loosen up the lower parts of the soil too much for a grain crop, unless the plowing is done suffi ciently in advance of the seeding of the grain for the soil to settle and be come compact again. Wheat especially demands a rather firm undersoil. Pea vinas turned under now would allow of such settling before November, which is the usual time for wheat sow ing in the c )tton States ; and the plow ing under of peavines as a preparation for a wheat crop is most excellent practice The vines furnish a good supply of nitrogen, a substance which a wheat crop must hive in large quan tity. With a heavy crcp of peavines plowed under, a wheat crop would need only an application of phosphates ; or if the land was light, phosphate and potash. WHAT A WINDMILL CAN DO AND SAVE. The Wisconsin Station bas kept a year's record of the possible work of a 16 foot geared windmill and what it would cost to do the eame work with, an engine. A full statement of all the tests and tabulated records of all results are given ia bulletin No. 68, of which the following are the salient points: Both the velocity of the wind and the work done by the mill were re corded by automatic instruments dur ing every hour of the whole year. The variable and unsteady force of the wind has always been the most serious hindrance to the use of the windmill aa a motive power, and so, in order that the real character and mag nitude of this variability in terms of work may be 6een for all hcurs of the day and for all days of the year, the records of the whole year have beea brought into a table in such a way that a simple inspection will enow just what thia windmill was able to do cn any hour or day or eucceesion of days throughout the year. The table shows just how frequently and during how long intervals the windmill was able to do no work. It show 3 when and how consecutively it could do heavy work, and it shows how persistently a mod erate amount of work could be done by it. These are the essential facta which the practical man needs to know. and they are in the form which is most readily accessible to him. At the same time the data are in such shape that those who wish to use them for scien tific purposes will be able to do so. The mill used was a geared Aermo- ter, with a 16 foot steel wheel mounted on a steel tower 82 feet high. In the water pumping test the expe riment was started at noon on March 6, 1897, and closed at noon of the same date, 1898, and the number of times the measuring tank was emptied each) hour of every day in the year is given m table 1, at the close, together with the miles of wind which nassed the mill during the corresponding times. Tne water was raised 10 feet. The table shows that during the 365 days of the year the mill pumped enough water to cover 79 1 acres of land 12 inches deep, an average of a little over two and a half acres one inch deep every day of 21 hour?. As water for irrigation is usually caught and stored in reservoirs as it comes from the pump, and is applied to the ground about once every 10 days, another table shows the quantity of water for each period of 10 days during the year. From this table it appears that the smallest quantity of water pumped in any 10 days was from July 28 to August 8 enough to cover near ly 10 acres one inch deep. The largest quantity was February 13 to 23 enough to cover 75f acres one inch. During the 100 days from May 29 in to September 6 :b, there was an aver age of enough to cover 2 acres ono inch in every ten days. This is the growing season, when water is most needed in Wisconsin. But of course that pumped during the wet spring season might be stored in reservoirs and held in reservation for the dry time. The mill would not work the pump when the wind had a velocity of leas, than nine miles an hour and there were 3,531 such hours during the year, . so that the pump was at work but 5.329 hours in the year an average ot: 14 hours out of every twenty four.. Bat from March 6 to September 1 it ran an average of only 1( f hours out of every twenty-four, ana this is the main irrigation season. The average horse power developed was a fraction over two. To test the economic value of th& pumping done by the mill a 2i horse power gas engine was put to running: the sime pumps and it was found that it coat ninety five cents to run the en gine ten hours and in that tince it pumped j 3.202 cubic feet of water, while the average for the mill was 3,938 cubic feet in ten hours. Hence is cost about thirty two cents to pump as much water, with the engine aa the mill pumped in ten houra. As the mill ran an average of 13 hours per day, it would have ccst forty-three cents to pump as much water with the engine aa the mill pumped each day, or f l6 95 for one year of 365 days. Tests made in grinding corn with tho power furnished by this wind mill showed that when the wind had a CONTINUED ON PAGE 8.
The Progressive Farmer (Raleigh, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Sept. 27, 1898, edition 1
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