North Carolina Newspapers

Hl8 the Largest Circuit00 and is gfoidett, Larg- , Lliprint Farm in that Rich TrJckirg section Between Mch B.V Va . and :r.iv vrn. Has the largest circulation of any family agricultu ral or political paper published between Rich Euond. and Atlanta STnnah, Ga. c THE INDUSTRIAL AND EDUCATIONAL INTERESTS OF OUE PEOPLE PARAMOUNT TO ALL OTHER CONSIDERATIONS OF STATE POLICY. RALEIGH, H. C, JUNE 13, 1899. No. 18 C1 ! PUBLISHED :WEEk a at on your l&hel tells you when your Trli vm expires. Receipts for money on sMVtion will be given In change of date on ? Nrt. if not properly changed In two weeks, iotiff n- ""ToNTI NUANCES. If a -ubscriber wishes . -Nnvof the paper discontinued at the ex l i rn i f hi subscription, notice to that effect Pr-Tnul be sent. Otherwise it is assumed that a 5 rnna"ceof the subscription is desired, and Cm a-'rearages must bo paid when paper is iere't'l st.-pped. v.irev at our risk if sent by regisiered letter ciouey order. Plcae don't tend ta m ps. ""p -ure to pive both old and new addresses in ordering change of postoffice, c. of Advertising Rates: ten cents rer agate lae. "Liberal discounts for time and space. TV'i "tern i marked to remind you that you 'carefully examine t Lis eample copy and SV 1'- 1 for a gear's subscription. v ill also ?e' viier on trial 6 months for 50 cents, or StU for -'" cents. Or we will send your a."T, free for one year if j ou will send us S in ''Jw Inscriptions, or free six months for $3 in sew subscriptions, at thee rates. We want Intelligent correspondents in every v-'v in the State. We want facts of value. iV"vt; RCCompiished of value, experiences of ivne" p'ainly and briefly told. One solid, V- oc:rated tact, is worth a thousand theo- Ihj Progressive Farmer is the Official (.Aran ct the North Carolina Farmers' State Usance. 7 i n-s:: mat behind the . -rri and in full glow of the comtng urt't ' Behind me are the shadows on ricfc before me lie the dark valley n i h 'iter, 'then I mingle with tts 'I'kicaters I tcant to cast one hnger look upon a country whose govern t is of therle fofthe e tnd hv the vecpl ' L. L. ri du.y PRACTICAL FARM NOTES. Written for The Progressive Farmer by the Editors and Praf Guy E. Mitchell Remember the State Driryraen'a A sociition at Concord thi month cni at tend it if possible B2 Furet3 read Mr. E S. TawKe excellent advice ti dairymen io this issue. "We call ppecial attention to bi report of hi3 esperieoce with tho eilo. Thy not?ccure the benefits of the eilo i.r younel't intereetic: artielo on ce q i:c :i:c, "Which is the Bost Breed of H.v-;"by Prof. J. H. J:--2C!2, Asisi s:: i2ricul:urist of our Expeiimeoc S:a::;-n, will appear in The Progressive Firmer cf next week. i i f PJint enough peaa thia year ard buy Is.'. r.itrcirencu f er til z rs next season. M3nv zioi farmers plow under eomp kj'iT-icou? crop and buy no nitropen cu? f:r'iliz";r wbatr-vcr, u?irg pct3?h ai p'aphorb acid only. Mark Ilnna says that even nowtbe only way for the avers ge ycung man t: for.e to the front is a? an employee cf a:m- corporation that the day for iniiviiuil endeavor alongiadependent lic? i already past. Commenting on thia, Farmera' Voice fu'bfully tayi?: "Unier euch conditiaca there is but ere hope for tbe yourg man of tody hi rnujt g?t back to tne laud ! ' The Kentucky hxperimcnt Station Li' is-ued a bulletin relative to grain ru-?:4 concerning especially the red ru.-t of win at and the method s of treat cent, and prevention. Ru35 while a v-ry dc-stru:tiva disease, is compare -lively easily treated, by the farmar ith a little ordinary caro and jicig mcnt Tne method of killing by scald iiig h the most generally employed and bi3 been conducted successfully for years. i The American CjdauI at Coberg, Garmany, commenticg upon the re port of th3 Ryal 8uguter house at Varzoerg, states that the price of met is going up steadily in Germany ani the consumption decreasing. This h further evidence to indicate that the 0 ,rman market offers a field for Amer i-'.iQ meats. Tne home consumption is Greater than the supply and the meat tj fill the pupply must ccme naturally frca the United States. A3 bBfore noted in our State News -?prtment, this 6ea&oas Etrawberry crop ha? been very disappointing to our truckers. Not because of crop fail ure, but because the market becoming overstocked, maLy berries were left in the Golds to rot. Thi9 fact should era Phaiz the need lor more canning fac toriea Why should not tho truckers themselves form associations and start c inning establishments wherever they are needed! It ocjurs to ua that this cutter should be pushed while the painful evidence of its necessity i3 be fore those intereetei. "Why does not North Carolina raise more sheep?" ia the very pointed and pertinent itquiry of a Michigan cor respondent. R?ad his letter and con sider the facts to which ho refers. The Progressive Farmer haa more than onco called attention to thia matter and we are not surprised to find that ou8idera are wondering why the farm ers of thia Siate do not eeiza this op portunity of increasing their wealth. We shall be glad to hear from any of our people on thia subject. We think "M icaigaEder,, ehou! d have put greater emphasis upon the value of rapa as food for sheep. Taia crop, which ie comparatively 11377 to North Carolina farmers, haa never failsd to give eatis factory results when fed to sheep. O 1 the question of preserving unfer moated grape j lice, experiments made by the Canada Experiment Farms were widely qioted lass year, and some additional tests mada show apparently that no chemicals are neceseary to a satisfactory preservation of this agree able and wholesome adjunct to the pantry. Experiments were made using formalin and salicylic acid, but these whre not satisfactory. Grape juice, however, wa3 successfully preserved when heated for teu minutes at 160 de gress, with sugar at the rate of two ounces to each pint of jaico. Juice without sugar was also successfully preserved, but waa not generally as palatable as that sweetened. Onehun dred and stxty degrees seem to be the least safe temperature that may be used in the preservation of grape juice. The juice may be held at thia tempera ture fcr 15 or 20 minutes without im parting to it any unpleasant boiled flavor. The Year Book of the Department of Agriculture for 1898 ii nov ready for distribution. It is of more than usual value. Tne first part consists of the Annual Report of the S. cretary of Agriculture for the fiscal year 1S9S and covers the operations cf the Department for that year. The sec:ni part embraces 36 miscel lanecua papeis cn agriculture and kin dred subjects, prepared with few ex ceptions by lhe chiefs of bureau?, dlvfs ion-?, and ctliiea of the Dpar.ment. The third part is tbe appendix. Special attention is given to thi3 part of the War Bok, wnh the vie w of in creasing its scope and usefulness, and an fljjrt has been made to give it the character of an agricultural directory. The appondix, besides the usual statis tics relating to crcps, etc , contains orief articles s'-ioiving the amount of. foreign trade of Cuba and the Pailip pinep, a review of weather and crop conditions, season of 1S98, methods of control of ir j uious insects, prepara tion and use of msectrciies, and other useful information. Every reading, thinkfcg farmer should have accpy and a it can be had free cf charge by applying to your Congressman, why not write for one? The eupply is limited and those desir ing copies should epply at once. The following resolution, introduced by Mr. Weston, wtia adopted by tbe State B mrd of Agriculture at its recent Eesicn in Rileig'i: "Whereas. The Federal laws (Pub lie, No. 41, 1S84) contains tne follow ing clause 'and whenever the Governor of a State or other prop erly constituted authorities signify their readiness to co operate for the extinction of any contagious, infec tious or communicable disease in con formity with the provisions of thia act, the Commissioner of Agriculture is hereby authorized to expend so much of the money appropriated by thia act a3 may be necessary in such investiga tions, in such disinfection and quaran tine measures aa may bo necessary to prevent the spread of the disease from one State or Territory into another;" Whereas, Tne 'stock law' counties of this State are annually subjscted to restrictions in their cattle traffic which are imposed by the Federal Govern ment on account of supposed or exist ing infection in but limited portions thereof; and whereas, Said infection may easily be exterminated with but little personal or pecuniary inconveni ence to cattle owners, and said infec tion is a menace to inter State traffic and will continue to depress the indus try of these counties until it is exterm inated; be it " Retolved, That the commissioner of thia board is directed to signify the readiness of this board to co operate with tne Secretary of Agriculture in extinguishing the infection in this State and to invite the Secretary to take such steps to disinfect the 'stock law' counties as will least interfere with treffij and restore to these coun ties the free cattle markets once open to them; and further be it ' Resolved, That the Commissioner 13 hereby authorized to co-operate with the said secretary to this end, and take 6uch steps as will soonest and most economically effact tho fulfillment of these resolutions." Tee report of the S:ate Veterinarian of Pennsylvania indicates that active work is being carried oa ia that Sra'.e looking to the control ani eiiminaticn of animal disease?!. The tuberculin test for cittle baa been empioyed and infected cittle killed. Attention i? called to the fact that no injuries h;ve been reported due to the ue cf tuber culia aa a test for tuberculosis. Tne Veterinarian says: ''Considering the manner ia which the herds to be tc3".ei are selected and wide distribution of tho work, cov.jr icg practically all parts of the State, it would seem fair to assume from th showing that many of tho raes5 thrr ouhly infected herd3 have been dia covered and disposed of, and that the percentage of tuberculosis among cat tie at large, ia being sieaJily and rap idly reduced." The importance of satisfactory d;s postal of carcisaeaof animals afiec-ed with anthrax ia insisted upon. Burn ing is recommended and where thia is not possible, the carca.33 should bs cov ered with licae and deoply buried in some locality where there ia no danger of contaminating streams. Tho prem 1868 where the animal die3 should be thoroughly disinfecced. The germs of anthrex remain alive for a long time, infecting the soil of a region and to dangering the live stock for a consid erable period thereafter. Sacretary Wilson's toura through tha country are aomething of aa inno vatior evn in such a democratic place aa tho Uaited States. In his recent trip South through Louisiana and Texaa the S3:retary awakened much enthusiasm and called forth many encomiums from representative men and the local newspapers, by hia prac tical remarks and hi3 mingling wim the farmers and men of those sections who are looking for the means cf most rapid development of their States, through the use cf their natural ra sources. Speaking, of course, in a sense for the present administration, eoaoe of the S2cretary'a remarks were particularly gratify ing to the peoplGOf the 8outh What he said to tho plant era of Louisiana, however, ia not only of vital interest to them, but a3 well to tho farmers of the Uaited Scate3 gen erally. Among other thing? he said: 'The regiments from the great Northwest are now in tho Orient fight ing to keep the markets open for Southern cotton. That was not an ob jecs in sending our armies to the Philippines, but that will be one of the reeultd. I do not kno-,v what the policy of the government will be re carding sugar raised in Cubi and Porto Rico. I cannot say what Congress will do. The question rests there. I am not inclined to believe, however, that there will be a Congress in Wash ington for many days that will de stroy tho rice, sugar, and tobacco in dustries of tho Uaited Spates." Again he said : "As regards the importion of sugar from the islands south of the United States, the people of Louisiana need not fear. Sugar, urder the present administration at Washington, will nDt be admitted free of, or at a duty that will injure the sugar industry ot the United States Tae government must not only now look at Louisiana, but at the entire country, for we are growing baet sugar extensively." In speaking cf the experiment sta tions, he sid: "Our experiment stations are doing a great work for the people. The first thing I want to do upon entering a State ia to visit the expariment station. I can there, get more ( x c5 information than I can by spending twice the time traveling through the State. If the right man ia at the head of the station he can tell ycu something about every thing; and when farm ers meet up with conditions which they do not understand, they ought to go to the experiment stations for help. You may be sure the help will be forthcoming." AGRICULTURE. ABOUT OUR NEW FARM 5 IN THE TROPICS. Correspondence of the Progressive Farmer. Now there's Hawaii, ifrcm the time the native mcssbacks cooked Captain Cook and ate him until Uncle Sam planted it out to politicians, it has been an exciting little garden truck patch. Rather small 6,640 square milea ac cording to a report from the Treasury Department Bureau cf Statistics. North Carolina has 48,666 fqiare miles of land. Population 109 020. North Carolina had 1,700 000 ;n 1890. A little over one-third of Hawaii's population is native and balf caste. About; one fourth are Japs; about one-fifth are Chinese; cuc-sevfnth are Portuguese, and 1?p t han 4 000 are Americans. In 1897 the United Stmt' s exported of our domestic exports, $4 622.5S1; of foreign exports $76 494 That's what we sold to tho?e foreign mongrela. We impcrted 431,196 980 pounda of eugar valued at 113,164 379. We bought of them a total of $13,687 799 North Carolina's cotton crop was valued at more than $19,000,000 in 1898 and cot ton choapa-it it ha3 been ia fifty years. It d033 seem aa though more attention to North Carolina interests and lens to Hawaii would pay. Bjt Uncle Sam has caught the disease of the great powera hogging land from weaker powers and will no doubd join the tru3t, in which five great powers will divide up and rule the rest of the earth There's our new Pnilippine farm 114 326 square miles, a trifla larger than Arizona. Population 7.670,000. Just why McKinley bought those nig gers for U3 at $20,000,000 I don't see. We had niggers to burn already in Georgia. Their imports were $28 815,075 in 1S96 Of which we sold them $162 446 ? vrorth a little over i of 1 per cent Bsh! Their trsd wiil be worth our $20,000,000 in about a hundred years. But they sold exports $33 481. 4S4 worth and we bought $4 932 857 worto, 14 9 10 per cent. A balance of trade against ua exceeding $4 800.000. To me it looks Use a dead loss. I cfcen wonder what the Republicans would have said if Bryan had gotelesteduud cut auch a "dido." The population is nearly 70 to the equare mile about 10 or 12 native nigs to one of white descent. There's cur Porto Riso "kid" f c tory, I judge, for, with our area of 3,550 q lare miles (evea average North Carolma countieO it haa a population of 784 709. about 263 to the square mile, eight times as dense as North Carolina's population. Stay where you have room to think. We sold them exports from the United States ia 1898, $1,505,916 We bought of them $2,414 35G Commercially, Porto Rico is worth to Uncle Sam about as much aa a sore thumb. We paid over $60 000,000 for imported sugar in 1S93 If the cost of Cuba, Porto Rico and the Philtppinea had been applied in build ing up the cane iodu3try of Louisiana, Florida and the South, we should have recoived some equivalent. We don't own Cuba. What it has and wiil cost, if applied to develop the cane aDd beet sugar industries, would have saved our importing nearly five billion pounda at a cost exceeding $S9, 000,000, as we did in 1897. We had over 7,000,000 "colored" population. We have bought over 7,000,000 "dyed in the wool" people at a cost running into hundreds o' mil lions. McKinley philanthropy ia a costly toy E, E. H. HO N WAS IT DONE ? The trusts are getting nearer to the farmers. The monopolists learned ten years ago that a combination of the farmers, a real live organization with a definite purpose in viaw, meant de feat for their 83hemea and aspirations. The Jute Bagging Tru3t was the har binger of the great combines to enthral and enslave the farmer, and its efforts were directed to crippling and squeez ing the farmer of the South, who waa regarded a3 the eaaieat prey in sight. They reckoned without their host.how ever, and the splendid organization of the Farmers' Alliance won its spurs and ignominiously defeated the giant monopoly. How was it done? By standing aa one man through an effec tive organization of their own against the insolvent and oppressive demands of "Old Jute," as it was called. Thia victory of the farmers, by the farmers and for the farmers taught the monop olists a lesson they have not forgotten, and it ia no wonder that they are more Ciutioua than before in placing re strictions around the purchase of eup plies for the farm. The Plow Trust is one of the latest devices of the monopolists, and it was conceived in secrecy end born in the darkness of an inner chamber. The representatives of a large number of the leading plow manufacturing firms in the United 8tates recently held a meeting in Chicago and perfected a combination into which it is intended to take the manufacturers of all kinds of agricultural implements. Thia com bination represents a total capital of 165,000,000, but we are it clined to think that it is unwise to mention so formid able an amount of mocey, as the fig ures are enough to frighten the faint hearted, "whosoever ia fearful and afraii," like the two and twenty thou sand who departed early from Mount Gilea'i. The almighty dollar haa such a hold upon the people these days that they crsnge and fawn before its power, but there is necessity again to rekindle the fires that swept across the country ten years ago and beat back the en croichments of the Jute Trust. Farmers may not see the danger ahead, but the fact that the greatesc secrecy waa maintained in regard to the organization of the Plow Trust ought to arouse them once more from their lethargy and slothfulners. A continuance of their disorganized con dition will bind them hand and foot, and the monopolists can do with them as they will. Higher prices for every tool used cn the farm may awaken the farmers of South Carolina, but at pres ent they are in the condition of the thousands who went not down with Gideon and his band. Are we trusting to others for a victory over the hofcts of Midian? Every reader of The Cot ton Plant ought to sound the note of warning to his brother farmers and beseech them to organize for their own protection, for the time is coming rap idly when ii will be all too late. South em farmers can make themselves more independent of monopolies than those of any other section, but they cannot do po by standing apart. The Cotton Plant. WHY THE SOUTHERN FARM 5 H IS LESS PROSPEROUS THAN HIS WESTERN BROTHER. The f ollo'Ting euggeetive article from the Sctland Neck Commonwealth may help you to solve this vexing problem. It ia as follows: "The South i3 . truly a land of great resources, but it can never make its best developments under the present system of buying from other markets so much that ought to be raised here at home. "The Commonwealth has all . the while in?i3tei upon home indepand- enc?, and we still urge it. We take it that Scotland Neck is an average mar ket for corn, meal, meat, etc. Notic ing a broker handling a large quantity of hay a faw days ago, we asked from what point i5 was slipped. He an awered thst he supposed it grew in Mschigan. Then tbe inquiry came as to how much stuff i3 chipped to Scotland Neck every year, which ought to be raised by our own farmers. From good au thority wo have it that thas the ship meats here for the twelve months end ing May 1, 1899, were aa follows: "Grain, 15 860 bushels. "Meal, 13 476 bushels. "FiOar. 2 855 barrels. "Meat, 624 086 pounds "Hay, at least 20 carloads. "Nov, these products, which ought to have been raiaod here, calculated at current prices, have taken from the community a great amount of money: Corn a: 50o $ 7 930 00 Meal at 60s 8,085 60 Meat at 5; 31 204 30 Flour at $4 11,420 00 Hay at $1 75 3,500 (0 Total $62,139 90 "All this money has gone from the community fcr things that our farm ers ought to have raised, to say noth ing about the time lost in hauling to the farms what has been consumed there. "Tae Commonwealth thinks these figures jiatify its contention, and clamor, if you please to eo call it, for home independence through more home raised products " The manager of the Bank of France has entrusted the work of the detection of forged notes and altered numbers entirely to women, who have, he says, a fineness of touch which enables them instantly to know a bad note. INTELLIGENCE ON THE FARM. What Farmers' Voice soys of the Grange ia the following paragraph ap plies with equal force to the Alliance. It says: There i3 no single thing of greater promise to the future of American agriculture than the changing atti tude of practical farmers to the ques tion cf education. This is partly due to the splendid work being done by the agricultural colleges, to which refer ence has so often been made in these columns; but quite aa much of it is due to the changing conditions in the busi ness world which require that in agri culture, a3 in all other industrial lines, close economy and high intelligence muat be exercised if success is to fol low effort. Ia thia connection we note what Aaron Jones, Master of the Na tions.! Grange, says in hia recent cir cular on "How to Ex end the Order." Ia that document Mr. Jones takes oc casion to say : "What the farmers needs now is, not moro physical labor, but more thought. The farmer who expects to keep to the front must do so by the power of knowledge cultured brain, not muscle. I believe the farmer will succeed best who will spend one fourth of all the hours he devotes to labor to mental labor and thinking and devis ing his plans for conducting his busi ness. I believe, further, that the farmer who will spend three or four houra each week attending some good grange, and with his mind quickened and sharpened by coming in contact with other minds, will, in the course of the year, make and save more money than the same man will with all hi time spent in physical labor, saying nothing of the pleasures cf life and our duties to each other as citi zens, and the growth of knowledge gained thereby." The Grange can do no greater work than to inculcate such teachings as !jhia. We may urge reforms of any and all kinds, but in the last analysis the intelligence of the people is the ab solute condition precedent, if not to their edoption, certainly to their fruition for the ua3 and bentfiB of mankind. GIRLS AT AGRICULTURAL COL LEGES. That excellent periodical, the Gen tleman Farmer, one of the high-class farm magazines, saye: The latest experiment in agricultural education is the admission of fifty girla to the farm claese3 ia the College of Agriculture at Minneapolis. These girls are admitted to the college on the same conditions aa boys. Heretofore there have ben special courses only for girls at the agricultural colleges. The course cf study at Minneapolis covers a term of three years and in cludes every practical subject needed for farming. The boys and girls will work together throughout about tT7C thirds cf the course, which includes work inlanguage,mathematics,8cience, civics, and considerable of the techni cal work. But while the boys are taking carpentry, blackemithing and veterinary science, the girls are taking cooking, laundry ing and sewing. Also while the boys are giving closer atten tion to seme of the business aspects of farming, the girls are giving attention to such sur j oeta as household art, home economy and domestic hygiene. In speaking about the course the other day, Prof. H.W. Brewster, Prin cipal of the school, said : "The basis of the work throughout the course is scientific. Botany and physiology are made the foundation for all of the technical work in plant and animal life, chemistry for soil fer tilization and culture are for com pounding cf feed ng rations, while physics enters enters into many of the processes of farming with reference to animal and vegetable life cultivation and the use of machinery. "In the technical linea we emphasize dairying, poultry, breeding and feed ing cf animals, veterinary science, field agriculture, fruit culture and forestry. Both in our course of study and in the general handling of tbe school we plan to make both boys and girls interested in farmiDg, farm life, the farm house and farm eociety. Both boy s and girls'lsarn in ther draw ing classes how to plan farm buildings and how to lay out the grounds around them. We then give considerable at tention to the furnishing of houses, to literature, music and social culture. "The general thought of the whole course is to make the farm home the most attractive spot on earth."