North Carolina Newspapers

Has the Largest Circulation and is he Oldest, Larg est. ao on,y a11 Home-frint Farm Paper in that Rich Farming and Truckicg section Between Rich Z.a Va. and Has the largest circulation of anj family agricultn ral or politics.) paper published between R i c b mond and Atlanta Savannah, Ga, s- ?i n Pi ii 1 l u iiii v v. l vSw l 1 1 n Hit 1 THE INDUSTRIAL AND EDUCATIONAL INTERESTS OF OUE PEOPLE PARAMOUNT TO ALL OTHER CONSIDERATIONS OF STATE POLICY. fol. H. 1 RALEIGH, N. 0., JUNE 20, 1899. No. 19 g i t i i.i ' PUBLISHED WEEKl , rhiUte on your label tells you when jour Ascription expires. Receipts for money on "nhw-rii'tlon win be given In change of date on libel. If not properly changed in two weeks, notify ns. "CONTINUANCES. If a subscriber wishes v'Vcoryof the raper discontinued at the ex-.-oion if Ms subscription, notice to that effect ?wTnld be sent. Otherwise it Is assumed that a n-tinuanceof the subscrlptioa is desired, and U arrearages must be paid when paper is prtiered stopped. Money at our risk If sent by regi'ered letter or cioney order. Pletve don't ncml tiamp. Fe f'ire to lve h old and tew stresses n ordering change of postofiice. u-i of d vert lstng Rates: ten cents per agate ize. ' Liberal discounts for time and space. T-j 'tern i marked to remind you that you -w V-"d carefully examine this sample copy and T-'-s 1 for a jear's subscription. Will also rt-;: ",tr on trial 6 months for 50 cents, or r.r!;. 'ih' for 2" cents. Or we will send your 'T-'e ft-e for one year it' ou wi:l send us S i m 'e'v l-.b-iTiptlons, or free six months for $3 In :cw t ripticiis. at these rates. v- want intelligent correspondents in every - -'-v ia the State. We want facts of value. accomplished of value, experiences of -''e plainly and briefly told. One solid, et rated fact, is worth a thousand theo- 13 3 rROo;iEsivE Farmer is the Ofilcial '.n of the North Carolina Farmers' State Avarice. I ar.i iianding noio ju&t behind the full alaiL'Gf the corr.irvj .'t. ' Behind me are the shadow's on "'track, before me lies the dark valley ndihe river. IVhen J mingle with its lit waters J want to cast one linger ;j Ico'H upon a country whose govern--,cnf of the people, for the people, wibyths vecplerL. L. Polk, Juiy fj, 1390. PRACTICAL FARM NOTES. Written for The Progressive Farmer by . I If the Editors, and Prat Uuy ts. acucneu pnrrpsnondent writes ua for the name and address of some one who hrvxia Rier Guinea swine; another sub 3-riber want? the addresp of some breeder of Cotswold eheep. ivreona - m . Vavin- irnnroved live stocK 01 any tnr Pale can find a ready market cutting an ad. in The Progressive t And n:ir ratrs are iuw. n V.itave good e:ock to sell, write us 0:: mders who are interested in silo.'-asJ ail enterprising farmers shoull if can secure a very valuable bulleih on this subl et free by eeoa card r q leat for "Bulletin 1.7. Ih? C instruction of a Stve Silo " :dC:::':1: Uaiversi'v A:icult'iral Ex pjrimn; St it ion. I-hico, N" Y. Tne tj";t r; --.i-jtairs IS peeoP.nd ia illua trif-i. N .irth Carolina needs more A : Vr:hiDp:tor4 ccrrp?pondet!t r.- there are f:'.ir preepjeta that : .! raciil delivery will b:) eeiat .j 3:v-ril counties ia Western -.r:lin-i. R)an county al 'v and it wcrts well. 3:na - ' :-jh".ri hr : ':cd that it also 03 - :1 in Maiijcn, McD.)ell and oc-jntics, - - s- - nil poib- 7 do rr.cre than civ-rv t'j brfn the rural aec'.icna cduoq with t'ao bueiness and r:r- for-:- b? of va-t benefit We .1 ca so that the ayatem ia i.-".- n f trial in this State and results will be satisfactory. linary reports of the epricg acreage indicate a reduction of ab:ir. 170,000 acre?, or 2 5 per cent, t-f th-2 twenty S:atea reporting 10,000 a:rta or upward in spring wheat, six rep:rt an increaee aggregating about -'l-Vi'Q acres and fourteen, a dt crease amounting to about 715,000 acres Ttere ia a reduction o? 7 per cent, in 3r:h Dikota, of 5 in Minnesota, 8 in ba. 3 in Wisconsin, 1 in Nebraska sad t: in Oregon. On the other hand t-sre ia an increase cf 4 per cent, in South Dakota and cf 6 in Washington. The average condition of spring heat cn Jane lit waa 914 as com pared with 100.9 at the corresponding iato laat year, 89 6 on Jane lat, 1897, 2 the mean of the June aver a- f jr the last fifteen yeara. ---r.r.a'y Wiiaon aatea thai he haa - r i froin Profffsor Curtiaa, of the Agricultural College, who haa r n travelling in ETgland and inci- - ' hckini into the queation of a :"r.ish nanor for merican hcrsea of :"-3 hunt; r type. Mr. Curciaa states -"'it h- ti pvnty of American hunt :r,iu Kn,:Kr,jf contrary to expecta-tnr-, vju: they are not kno'vn aa such. i.r.- y are horeea which havo been im P':r"-' into Ireland from America, t3fr traice i and then shipped to Eog lac-i as Irish huntera. The Secretary has just made a trip through Kentucky and Tennessee. He thinks there ia no question but that the blue grasa region can raise a hunter which which will command a very high prico in Esg- ard. Such a horse, he eaya, muat have considerable thoroughbred blood this will give him courage but to carry a beefy 15 or 16 stone (210 to 224 pound) Englishman, he must have three or four hundred pounds' weight than haa the thoroughbred Professor Curtiaa alao reported iccidenta'ly that fine American bacon ia being phippei to Ireland, then stamped and reshipped to Britain as Irish bacon, which baa the highest; reputation in the world. Secretary Wiiaon himself Etatfls that ne knows bacon men in Cedar Rapid.', Iowa, who came over from Ireland, bringing their methods and kill, and even their own brine in cika which had been u'ed for years, anl they are now making cut of the loa hog the tteett eusrar cured bacon known. An experiment ia reported fr: m Can ada in wintering beea in whi.jh tho hivea were placed eix inches from toe floor and protected with a pirce of c'.d wcclen carpet placed under the wooden cover When placed in the ce;lar eacn colony had 30 pounda of honey, which proved mere than sufficient for the winter, and all the hivea wintered sue cessfully. The temperature cf the cellar, shown by a self-registering thermometer, remained eteaiily te tween 40 and 50 degrees F. In 1896 some difficulty waa experi enced with peraiatent smarming of the beea, resulting in the weakening of the colonies, and in the following year moat of the brood frames were filled with b ea and a large upper story filled with wire foundations was added and the frames extracted aa required. Thia gave an abundance of room and no 6 warming whatever occurred aod all the colcniea became strong before fall An average of 45 pounda of extracted honey wa3 taken from each hive. The Biblical Recorder of last week eajs: 4 There ia hope for the North Carolina College of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts, if its truste s will resist the f-culty c'fqie who are running is and making life a burden for their fellow teachers; there i3 hope if the trustees will make of the institu ticn asmewh&t of that which its round era desired. There ia no need for it and no future for it a8 a literary insti cition. To eadetivor to make one of it s to ariue that the University of the ri-.ate haa failed and that the denomi cicnal colleges are inadequate. To make a li erary institution of it can benefit no one eave the prcfcs3or3 who conduct ita dc-partmenta." The Ro eerier ascrt3 that in the College up s.o tbi3 time the "kid glove idea" has predominated. We do not think thia atatemerjt correct, but it ia true that the "kid giove ideu" haa of lata threat ened its future. We do not think, hcvcver, that it ia no-v a eenous menace. Tno little scheme of the Ro .iranization Committee to give less attention to agricu'.turo by con?olidat ing that department with the horticul tural division waa very properly nipped ia the bud by the Board cf Tri si.is at the recent session of tne Bard. And ia eo doing the Trustees rightly j idgt d the temper of the paoo'e They were not in a mood to be trifLd with. It ia reported that t stimcny was taken before Senator Mason's pure food investigatihg committe3, purport ing to represent the butter interests of the country in which ic waa stated that butter could not be successfully canned or packed for export from the United Statea without the use of boric acid or some other preaervative. Thia state ment, if reported correctly, ia vigor ously contested by the Department of Agriculture. Not only do the best ex porters of butter from the United Statea uae no preservatives, but the Department itself for more than a year has exported butter to Great Britain, which haa successfully com peted with the best butter of that country, D nmark, and Australia and not a particle of boric acid or other preservative haa been used. The Dan ish butter enjoys the very highest rep utation anJ ia sent to all parta cf the world no preaervativea being used. Most of the Australian butter ia chem ically preserved both for canning and refrigerating, but Australian cream erymen are divided among themaelvea aa to what is the best method. The French aod Germans do not hesitate to freely use chemicals when butter ia being prepared for export. Major Alvord, the chief of the dairy division of the Department, states it aa his belief that the uae of preserva Uvea ia entirely unnecessary for ex porting good butter; the best exporters using nothing of the kiod, and yet urnishing butter to the United States Navy, guaranteeing it to keep for two years in any part of the world, and that preservatives are only needed to bolster up some poor, inferior article. "It is claimed," he said, "that a little boric acid does not in j are the stomach; but where i3 the line to be drawn? It haa been the position of thia depart ment that it waa entirely practicable to export butter to any part of the world without the nee of any chemioal preaervative and eo far wo have been working very successfully on these line. vVe have shipped butter to Eng land and Germany with good results and lately fcavo whipped canned butter to the Ori( nt. Reaulta are not yet a; pfrent, but I do not doubs that they will be encouraging to our dairymen." A eharp advance in the price of farming implements ia fxpectedeoon A mte ing of manufacturers waa held ia Chicigo recently, at which the fol lowing firms wero represented: Ha worth Sons' Manufacturing Company, Decatur, 111 ; Giorge W. Brown &Co , Galeaburg. Ill ; Mulford Heater Co , Gilva. III. ; J. E Porter Co., Ottawa, III.; Keystone Manufacturing Co. and S4erlirg Manufacturing Co., Sterl ing, III. ; Janney Manufacturing Co., Ottumwa, 111. ; Ooio Rake Co., Day ton, O ; Standard Manufacturing Co , Dtyton, O ; O. H. P. Deuscher Co., Hamilton, O ; McSherry Manufactur ing Co , Middletown, O ; A. C. Evans Manufacturing Co., SpriDgfield, O ; Abram E I wood Manufacturing Co., DKalb, 111 ; King and Hamilton Co , O.tawe, III ; Luthey & Co, Peoria, 111. ; Ssars Manufacturing Co., Piano, III ; Rude Bros. Manufacturing Co., Liberty, Ind. ; Ohio Cultivator Co., Belleville, O ;T. P. Maat& Co., Spring field, O ; American Harrow Co., De troit ; E. Bement's Sona, Lat sing, Mich. ; D. M. Osborne & Co , Auburn, N. Y ; Tnornas Manufacturing Co., Springfield, O. ; Dere Manufacturing Co., Moline, 111.; Janesville Macliino Co., Janesville, Wis. A general advance in pricea waa ad vocated by those preaent, and commit tees were appointed to prepare a sched ule for the varioua kinds of imple ments. These committees wiil attempt to make out their price list during the summer months, and will report to a meeting of the Northwestern Plow Aa sosiation, to be called this fall. It ia thought a general increase of from 15 to 25 per cent, will be made out and agreed to. It ia claimed that material from whinh farming implements are manufactured has increased in value to a corresponding amount. AGEICULTURE. COTTON RAISE Ra' TRUSTS. How to Fcrm and Make Successful. Oirreayondeace of the Progrestive farmer. Co operation ii becomiug the watch wcrd of the aga. All claaaea muat co operate to escip? charp and increasing cimpstition the result of increase of lab:r saving machinery in countries having cheaper labor. Our farmers mut fen?e rgiinet this cheaper labor. The farmera mu?t do aa the manufacturers are doing form trusts, co operate and fix maximum pricea. HOW TO DO IT Lot the cotton raisers call a meeting at some central point and orgaoiz3 a Cotton Raiaera' Truat and incorporate it. O ganizi every State and county where cotton ia raiaed. Appoint a board whose duty it shall be to grade cotton and fix maximum pricea on each grade, rent warehouss, eend cut circulars giv ing the price of cotton and teama; bor row money of the banks and forward to depositors of cotton, hold and sell as there ia a demand at prices fixed. To get maximum pricea you must be able to advance the price beyond the world's market price, which is the maximum fixed by competition with capital employing cheaper labor in Erypt and India, which works for one fifth to one-eighth required to pay American labor. You cannot do thi3 and compete with thia cheaper labor. You will have to place a tariff on raw cotton that will stop compscition. You will have to send some of your ablest men to Washington to look after your interests aa other trusts do. It ia not essential to the eucceaa of the trust that all the c Dtton raiaere j 3in the trust. A few live, progressive planters in each county will mak9 the trust a sue cesa. Can money be borrowed on cotton? Money ia borrowed every day on cotton by speculators and others who hold it. Can money be borrowed on planta tions to tide the planters over until they can realiza on their cotton? Money can ba borrowed on city property. Why ? It ia so managed as to make it pay. The planters cannot make their plantations pay beeauae they are forced to sell at home at the world's market price fixed by competition with cheaper labor, which forcss prices down below the paying point. The banks do not want to loan money on the lands and be forced to take thorn. They want their interest and principal when due. Fix maximum pricea on ycur cotton and it will be a paying crop and your plantations will have value and the banka will be pleased to loan money on this kind of property. The truat ia the only power that can extricate the planter from the dilemma of low pricea of cotton. What the manufacturers are doing the cotton planters and every other clasa can do. The manufacturing trusts are blazing the way and the farmers muat follow suit. Before India and Egypt are fully equipped with labor saving machinery competition will have ruined the cot ton planters in the South. When all classes have formed trusts, the home consumption of cotton will have in creased three fold and we will consume the largest crop ever produced. You muat be able to command the dollars to diatribute all that; we have the facili ties to produce Co operate, fix maxi mum pricea and you can command the dollars to distribute all produced. This is a feasible plan by wbieh the money can be secured to buy supplier to tide the planters over until they can real:z3 on their cotton and save them from the high prices paid for supplies on credit. We have made an exhaus tive study of trusts, their effects on this and other countries and are pre pared to anawer all questions germair. James MuuDOCK, EXSOLICITOR LEARY WRITES Contrasts Farming in .nte Bellum Days With Present Day Methods and Points Out a Remedy. Jorres:pondence of ths Progressive Farmer. Edenton, N. C , June 10, 1899. I have jaat received and read with a good deal of interest Prof. W. F Mas8?y'a pamphlet on "Farming in North Carolina," and I consider it a very valuable paper. The station is doing a good work, and work that will bo of great vahi9 to our farmers if they will take and read the bulletins aa they are issued. It ia to be regretted that our farmer8 aa a clasa do not read m3re of the great interests intru3ted to their keeping. It ia to be hoped that the A. & M. College will by its labors place here and there all over the State 3aien titic farmers from whom neighboring farmera may imbibe some of thia learn ing, and in thia way arouse general in terest, and seeking after the mo:t im proved methods of farming. A capable scientific farmer ia a godsend to any community of farmers; for the ruts our fathers followed ia the good old times will not do now when economy and the best results are required and sought after. No Stata ia bleared with better lands for general purposes than our own ,for our lands are a3 good as any in the world, when properly cul tivatodand cared for. Lands, how ever, are like stock: they n. ed con stant attention one way or another if they are expected to be a source of pro fir. Before the war in thia county (Ohowan) the lands lying to the east of E lenton and north of the Albemarle Sound were considered to be among the beat in the State and the wealth of their owners was considerable and great prosperity abounded. It was in deed the land of hospitality and good cheer. No people were happier, or more contented. With my earliest recollections I recall the happy ecenea that then existed amidst these lands of plenty and the planters who owned them. It waa a great pleasure to drive through them and behold on every hand the evidences of thrift and plenty. Toe scene has changed with the sys tern introduced after the war. Tne old planter haa disappeared, and the tenant haa followed in hia wake with th carele83nes8 and slip shed methoda which no lands can stand. Prof. Masaey has given a fair state ment of these landa, for only a few days ago I was talking with a practical farmer of the better class, who stated that on one of these plantations in the second year he increased the produc tiveness one hundred per cent, by draining and a proper course of hut bandry. This is only an evidence cf what can be done on other lands. Now I am satisfied if we could add science to the practical judgment of our farmers, I believe these lands would again blossom as the rose. I am quite eure when the moat improved methods are adopted in this eection we shall again have one of the fairest por tions cf the commonwealth. We would bo glad to welcome a sturdy set of farmers, who will bring with them new ideaa, advanced methods and trained judgment. We need them sadly. Our experiment stations are doing much good by giving such valu able information to our farmers. It ha3 been urged wi:h considerable force and reaaon that it ia important that the elementary principles cf agri culture ba made a part of the course in our public schools, and why not? There is certainly no industry which merits any more consideration than tbis, and for one, I cannot see why we should not commence with the boy and let him learn the mysteries of hia future calling. L3t him have the key to ualock the bosom cf nature frm which he is to reap his future liveli hood. It ia important that we shall do cur duty by the boys, in every way possible, for the development of the future manhood of the State. Wm J. Leary, Sr PEAS AS FERTILIZERS AND FOOD Correspondence of The Progrefisive Farmer. Tnere is at present a very general in terest in the culture of peas, particu larly in the Southern States. They are considered to be one of the most im portant elements in the renovation of worn out fields and farms. They gather nitrogen from the air, and store ic in the soil. The roots penetrate the compacted subsoil and open up the way for the circulation of the earth water. The mechanical condition of the soil ia very greatly improved by the decaying not only of the roots in the soil, but also of the vines on the surface. No other crop except clover does thia double work so well. Hence, we find that the fields improve more rapidly when planted in peaa than un der any -'other crop. Too much stres3 cannot be laid upon this feature of the pea crop. PEAS AS HAY PRODUCERS. While the pea i3 thua improving and enriching the soil, it ia alao paying its way and yielding a surplus revenue. The vines when cut and cured for hay furnish one of the most nouri:b irsg and perhaps the mcsl digestible of all the hay feeda. Animals fed cn good pea vine hay produce manure of tb.3 fiaet quality, r;ca in nearly all the elemenca of plane food; mixing with acid phosphate and potash ren ders it a complete fertilizer. Cattle fed cn paa vine hc;y keep in fine flesh, making choice beef; and milch co?s give largfj yields cf rich milk and choice butter. It is particularly suited to young animals. If cu5 when the peaa are juso about grown in the poda, it furnishes the needed elements for bone, muscle and fat. We believe from our exprien:e Jhat the following method of dealing with peaa will give good results. As soon a the dew, if any, is off, cut with the mower aa many aa you are prepared to handle thoroughly in half a day. Let these lie until the following afternoon. The next day cut again. In the after noon rake up in windrows. Next day cut again, but not eo many. Afternoon rake up as before, and also put in good round heaps those cut first day. Let these remain a few days, according to the weather. Then haul to the barn and mix wheat straw, oat straw or any dry grass hay you have, putting a layer of straw and a layer of pea vine each about one foot deep. If you have no straw, scatter the heaps of pea hay as much as you can. If the leaves shatter off, you have lost very little, The vines and pods are the valuable part. PEAS AS HUMAN FOOD Very little haa been said about the value of peaa s.s human diet. You see the white varieties offered at almost every grocery stand in the cities. With many families they are a stand ard dish. The Southern Lady Pea and the various Crowders are fully equal to the celebrated ' Boston Beans," and are quit9 as nourishing. When well prepared and rightly seasoned, they are very pleasant to the taste. So powerful is the tyranny of fashion, however, that very many think that the whit9 peaa are the only ones fit to be eaten. This is a very great mistake, for several of the colored varieties are better; they have more eugar and gluten and less etarch than the white varieties. They are more nourishing and easier of digesti on. This is true of the speckled peas generally. Perhaps no single article of food gives to the laboring man mere strength and power of endurance. Many mil lions of people live almost exclusively upon rice, while many others make Iriah potatoea the chief diet. Peaa surpass both of these in amount of nourishment, aa is shown by the phys ical superiority of the laborers who use them for food. So far, we have spoken of dried peas, but many farmera know that one of the most acceptable dishes ever placed before the hungry laborer is the green pea, taken when fully grown in size, though still green and tender. Thfs is one of the luxuriea cf country life un known to many ciSy tables. Roasted in the hull, thesa green peaa are indeed a treat. When good, atrocg common sense shall have conquered the preju dice against the colored peas, both in the green and dry state, they will be come generally very highly esteemed as a table dish. The green peas will necessarily be coc fined largely to tho eection in which they are grown and the season when they are growing, but by judicious planting, both as to the time and the varieties, this season can be extended from the middle of sum mer to late fall. The dry peas may be shipped anywhere, and kept all the year round, They will naturally be enjoyed and appreciated more during winter and spring months when vege tables are comparatively scarce. PZA MEAL. Peas are also valuable when made into pea meal for uae as cattle food. The pea meal for dairy rations is very valuable. When ground together with oats they stand at the head of the liat. It is atrange, yet true, that easy and profitable aa pea growing is, this vegetable should generally be so ecarce upon the market that the pries puts a limit upon the use. So we say egain to our farmer friends: Plant largely of peaa. Manure them with phosphate, and kainit or muriate of potash. This', will greatly increase the yield, and at the same time help to improve the land rapidly. Tne heavier the crop of peas, the greater will b9 the perma nent improvement to the soil. James B. Htjsnicutt. ROUND BALE PROCESS. Abcut two years ago periodicals de voted to trade and maEufacturing be gan urging an improvement in the process of baling cotton for market. At thia bidding, and perhaps long be fore this inventive minda went to work endeavoring to conceive the desired process, which led to the new and im proved round bale system that is spoken of go much through farm and manufacturing periodicals. It ia fully well conceded that this new proceea ia far eupericr to the old from several pcinta of utility; the new procesa giving a more compact bale that is easier shipped, easily handled, the fabric better protected, put in bet ter 6hae for the factory, and the cost from the field to factory generally les sened. But the inventor of thia haa secured the patent from the government, and by tbis, ia guaranteed protection of his right, while he gees in a combine and the concern proceeds to work a hardship that uses the process. The combine conceives an omnivor ous scheme of gobbling the entire cot ton ginning and compressing business of the South; which, if perfected, would prove most disastrous to the several business interests in connection with the same. What vantage would the combine prefer to a monopoly of this business? What millions would they turn out of: this handicap? It is well enough said that the concern has succeeded but lit -tie, eo far, and the prospect is that it will never do great damage. But in the meantime the world is without the benefit of this invention. The combine will not cell preeees, so we are totally without its use, and what benefit is th invention? This scheme of the com bine must be broken before the round bale process will be introduced. No attempt at its use ehould be allowed under theiterms now desire by the com bine. It would prcve more of a hard- COSTINTJED ON PAGE 8.