Newspapers / The Progressive Farmer (Raleigh, … / Oct. 3, 1899, edition 1 / Page 1
Part of The Progressive Farmer (Raleigh, N.C.) / About this page
This page has errors
The date, title, or page description is wrong
This page has harmful content
This page contains sensitive or offensive material
V- - a - THK INDUSTRIAL AND EDUCATIONAL INTERESTS OF OUB PEOPLE PARAMOUNT TO ALL OTHER CONSIDERATIONS OF STATE POLICY. fol. 14, RALEIGH, N. C, OCTOBER 3, 1899. No. 34 5 - n " t- r PUBLISHED V EEKLY " Vf f on your label tella u when your eJ7.Yfinn expires. Receipts r money on Untion will be given In ckisAge of date on If not properly changed In two weeks, g3 )" -7roVTI NU A.NCES. If a subscriber wishes cf the paper discontinued at the ex iis ff" t,f his subscription, notice to that effect ! he ent. Otherwise it Is assumed that a nnance of the subscription Is desired, and CO" arres-rages must be paid when paper Is 7at our risk If sent by registered letter oney order. Please don't tend stamps. tf nre to give both old and new addresses In jjdiing change of postofflce, -TofAdvertlslng Rates: ten cents per agate Liberal discounts for time and space, TTTTtem is marked to remind you that you 1 Virefully examine this sample copy and 1 for a sear's subscription. Will also ftM for 25 cents. Or we will Bend your free for one year if jouwiil send us $5 in 7 ,srbcriptions, or free six months for $3 In "(Z cTiKcrlptions, at these rates. "TrrjiDt Intelligent correspondents In every IVtvia the State, We want facts of value. c0 vt accomplished of value, experiences of Plainly and briefly told. One solid, Ionstrated tact, is worth a thousand theo- lea "TrTpciOGRESSivi Farmer Is the Official 0rc2 the Sorth Carolina Farmers' State PRACTICAL FAliM NOTES. Written for The Progressive Farmer by tte Editors and Guy E. Mitchell. ' Tse renowned German economic vritar, Carl Simon, in hia book "Ex pert of Products of Agriculture from tte Ucitsd State? ; Agriculture in Ger cany," pays high tribute (though him self aa agrarian) to American gricul tare and allied induatriea. II a says among other things: "It would ba of great eecnomic advantage to G3rmany if our agricultural class could increase is cultivation cf grain and other products, such as fruit, meat, etc., in ordar that we might become independ est of other nation and save the many millions that now go abroad. Agricul tural products from the United States compete severely with those cf native growth. The ccmpstition of the United J stea does not, like that of other grain to cereals alone, but is a danger rauval in all fields, as the country experts all kinds o! agricultural ma ciie, etc. Tii? competition of other countries i furtaer, not as hurtful as that of th- crrat RDublic. becausa their methods of production ard commercial tiding of the product? are primitive and car agricalturists can mora easily C3m;c-ve wi:h them. The methods of th-3 AmriciGS, on the ctner hand, are psrfcc:. Eoo ts of horses to G3rmany con tinue to attract attention both at home ani ubroid. Regarding American tecs in Germany, the Hamburger Na?U:i hten, in a recent artie'e, says: "Irrrrtations from America have Ci'j a tiio horeo ra'sjrs of Hclstein to 3-2. r m ;eh of late. A stock comply has j is: b en formed in Berlin for the tx-rs?; purpose of importing horses fr.ca ti; Uait?.d States. The Am?n Civ hivj euc leaded in breeding a bor-s- viich cocap itG? very favorably u tv ;; .vav wich the Uolstein ani ail, i.-3er.aly iu tho33 point3 so high '7 pt z d in a woik horse, namely, broad bins and larzo tuild generally. Ie b markets for Holstein horee3 kv3 tlaya been the provinces of Six oay, Thuringia, and Brunswick. Tne fieraand is created by the largg sugar faciorits. This market has been de creasing of late, owing to American ooras bsing purchased in Berlin. A few davs ft??o. this Berlin company r i - shipped a drovo of eighty through Hamburer p.n rnnto for Milan. Italy, I whtr-3 they are to be used on tbe tram 5J3. Almost every week, a long freight train filled witr American te?3 leave 8 the Berliner Bihnoof for Tirious parts of Germany. In epite cf Pr;:-ivj freichs and a tariff of 7 DCr th-3 Americans have buil uo a Very r.rp actable comp2tition in the G-inun market." Oiio Esptr mrnt 8tation ha? 1-Eu'--i c. bulletin di soribing in detail a V9ry fucce-sful berzine treatment of 6t--fcu-e'-i v,crm8in lambs. The treat- tF-'-t .va conducted by Mr. J. E.Wing 66 Woo:; r, Ohio, as follows: , Ab-.ut August first ( 98; a car load of la&D3 v?08 received from the Chicago mrket Tney were thin and some b Kicnhg t0 Eccur goon af ter tbejr ar rival they became worse and the scour A? &D(i f raaciatin progressed rapidly, jcut 45 died before any attention was ed to them. A post mortem exam tioo proved them affected with stomach wcrms, the worms being pres ent in the fourth stomach in thou sands. It was simply a writhing mass of worms, some even twined together in balls as large as marbles. The lamb was apparently free from other para eitc3. The treatment began immediately, gasoline being administered to the en tire lot, whethar seeming sick or well. It took about one minute to dose each lamb, three men working. The doeo given was twoteaspoonfuls of common gasoline with four ounces of sweet mils well shaken together to form an emulsion. Of the 210 lamb3 treated cno died, apparently from the effect of tnemedi cine. Most of them seemed to mind it very little and soon begsn to eat. They were treated three times at intervals of 21 hours; after the first doee they seemed to improve, the scouriDg checked and the movements became more lively and the eyes brighter. After four days two of the worst cases were selected for killing and careful post mortem examination of them made. Not one stomach worm was f ound in the usual lodging place cf the pest; only a few were found in the colon, many feet away from their natural living place and not apparent ly in good health. It is probable that they were driven there by the fumes of the gasoline and would eventually have passed out and perished. The testimony of the men who care fos the Iambi is thbt einc8 having the gasoline they seem like a different lot of sheep entirely. They eat hungrily, are lively in their movements, do net scour, and have all the appearance of beginning to thrive. The cost of such treatment is almost nothing. The U. S. Dpartment of Agriculture has in press and will soon issue B ille tin No. 21 Division of Forestry. Tnls bulletin is the first part of a paper en titled A Primer of Forestry," and was prepared by Mr. G ff )rd Pinchot, For ester cf the Department. It deals with the units which compose the forest, with its character as an organic whole, and with its enemies. It is divided into four chapters. Tne first chapter treats of the life of the tree. It describes its threa parts the root?, trunk and crown its food, composition cf wco-, breathing, trans piration, growth, structure of wood, annual rings, and heartwood and sap wcod. Taeeeond chapter is devoted to a di.cu58ioa cf the various requirements of tracs heat, m )isture, and light their rate of growth and reproductive power, pure and mixed forests, and re production by sprouts. Tne third c'a.p:er gives the life his tory of a forest showing tho help and harm which the trees receive from one another. The history embraces the life of a community of trees, the life oi a forest crcp, the seven egos of a tree, the beg nning of a forest crop, the for e3t cover established, the b?ginnicg . the struggle, growth in height, the struggle continued, natural pruning, the culmination of growth, the end of the f trugg.e, nod death from weakness and decay. The last chapter deals with the ene mies of the forest, of which fires and reckless lumbering are classed as the worst. In the United States wind and sheep grazing come next. Catt'o and horees do much less damage than sheep and snow break is les costly than windfall. Landslides, floods, insects, and fungi are sometimes very harmful. In certain sections numbers of trees are killed by lightning, which has also been known to set woods on fire, and the fore3t is attacked in many other way3. The bulletin is illustrated with 47 plates and 83 textfigu FARM AFFAIRS. OF IN TEREST TO COTTON GROW ERS. The indications are that the Cotton Growers' Convention to be held in Raleigh, Wednesday of Fair week will be largely attended. The following is the letter issued by Commissioner Patterson to the farmers of the State: "As you have probably eeen in the papers, a meeting has been called of the cotton growers of the State, to be held in Raleigh on Wednesday of Fair week, the time and place of meeting to be announced in the city papers that day. The object of the convention ia not to pass resolutions to curtail the cotton acreage, as has been suggested in a daily paper, which has been done in the past, and which do not curtail, but is rather for a conference upon various suggestions affecting the common good. "I quote from a letter on the subject written by a large and successful planter. Ha says: We have learned years ago how to make cottcn, but have never learned how to market it. We need organization and system as to placing our crops on the markets of the world. Under our present unor ganiz3d system of marketing the cot ton crop, to cotton brokers know for a certainty that three fourths of the crop must ba thrown upon the maiket dur ing the months of September, October and N jvembor, and they make their price, to euir, not the demand, but the supply, during theeo months ' 'He then discusses a remedy which would distribute the marketing of the crcp over at lea3t eeven months of the year Ha promises to attend the meet ing and to bring a gcod delegation from his county. Thero aro many matters of cemmon interest to the cotfcra planters which might probably ccme before the con vention. I trust you will ba present and u?e your ir fluenco to promote a largo at tendance on the meeting. 'Very respectfully, 'S. L Patterson, "Commissioner." It will bs remembered that in the Alliance address thi3 m itter of organ izing to effect a better system of mar keting crops, especially cotton, was referred to. Wake County Alliance has already made arrangements of this kind. The following calls describe the method and manner: FARMERS MAY STORE AND HOLD THEIR COTTON. "To the Farmers of Wake and Ad joining Counties: At an adjourned meeting of Wake county Farmers' Alliance, held at the A & M. College, August 17, 1899, the undersigned were appointed a commit tee and instructed to ascertain the best arrangements that could be made by which the farmers could store and hold their cotton, and at the 8im3 time secure advances on eame if thoy desired. "We beg to report that we have per f. rmed that duty, and are author iz d to eay to you that the People's Storage and Mercantile Company, 313, 315 and 317 Wilmington street, Raleigh, N. C, are prepared to store and insure your cotton in any quantity from one bale up for any length of time at the fol lowing rates: 0.ie to tfcree month?, 20 cents per bale per month; three to eix bales, 18 C9nts per bale per month; six months, and longer, 16J cents per bile per month. "Liberal cash advances will bs made on cotton Btored with this company, and interest charged on such advances only on time the cash is held by the farmer. "The above charges include all ex ponses. "We will also stato in this connec tion that we have every reason to be lieve that cotton will surely advance, as is the case with almost if not q iite every other product. For any further particulars see or addrees Capt. J J. Thomaa, President People's Storage and Mercantile Com pany, Raleigh, N. C. , or either eff us. "W. H. Worth, RUeigh, N. C. "W. B. Upchurch, "Morrisville, N. C. "0. E. McCullers, L-'may, N. O. "Raleigh, N. C, 8ept. 25, 1899 " COTTON PLANTERS' CONVENIION CALLED "To the Cotton Planters of Wake and Adjoining Counties: "The undersigned were appointed a committee bv the late meeting of Wake county Farmers' Alliance to in vestigaUe ani arranga if pcs3ible, and report t'ae conditions, 6tc, which could be secured in Raleigh whereby the farmer might store and hold his cotton and S3cure needed advances on the same, etc. ' Our investigations, consultations with others and counsels in meeting of the committee have thoroughly con vinced us that a convention of the cot ton planters of this territory should be held at once to consider matters per taining to their welfare, and we do earnestly recommend the holding of such a conference of cotton planters of Wake and adjoining counties in the city of Raleigh on Wednesday, October 11th, 1899, at 11 o'clock, to consult and elect delegates to the Siate Cotton Growers' Convention, to be held in Raleigh during the week of the State Fair. "Trusting this may be deemed call enough, and assuring our cotton plant ers that we have convincing evidence that this is the proper thing for us to do, we are, Respectfully, "W. H. Worth, "W. B UPCHUfica, "0. E. McCullers, "Committee. 'Raleigh, N C, Sap!;. 25, 1899." We hope that our readers in ether counties than Wake will consider the matters referred to and act in a man ner calculated to prcmota the best in terests of the cotton growers. County Alliances in cotton growing sections should give proper attention to the question. It is indeed one of much importance. Th8 Manufcclurers' Rac ord, of Baltimore, in its issue of last week notices the warehouse system of Charlotte and says: "The bonded warehouse business is already in active operation in Colum bia and Charlotte, and has proved a very groat help to the farmers and to cotton manufacturers. If the West could not store its grain in elevators and get receipts therefor and usathem with bank3 as gilt edge collateral its wheat would always be rushed to mar ket at the beginning of the season and depress prises to the lowest point, just as it is the case with cotton. The gen eral establishment of bonded cotton warehouses throughout the South working on the basis of those at Char lotte and Columbia would bo 'The cheapening of the rate for money, as these warehouse receipts would be accepted as good collateral in New York, Baltimore and elsewhere, all money needed for handling and carrying cotton could be secured at from 4 to 6 per cent according to cur rent rate3 in Na w York. "The farmers, thus being able to store cotton and carry it at a very low rate of interes?, would not be forced to sell as eoon as picked. Cotton would not be crowded on the market in. the fall, thus breaking prices. "Farmers and cotton buyers would then have the eame advanteges in handling their cotton which the West has had for many years through its elevator syfctam. "Bayers ftr Northern and foreign mills, bsing able to store cotton in bonded warehouses, cculd carry it in the South and bhip it out from month to month t s needed, thus benefiting the railroads and securing the lowest ocean freight rates. "Cotton warehouse receipts would become recognized ia ail money cen tcrs as firat claas collateral, and the whole cotton crcp would then be a bankable as3et, rt vclutioaizing the business to the benefit of the entire Souih." We shall be glad to hear from our readers on this subjeci. A full discus eion would do much good. TO IMPROVE OUR TOBUCCO. A group of scientific men attached to the Dapartment of Agriculture at Washington are industriously study ing the question of how to improve the grade of American tobacco. Each has his special branch of tha investigation, which has two objects in view. First and most important to the consumer, they desire to improve the grade of the home grown tobaco so that it will be possible to furnish smoking material at a reasonable price which shall be equal to the expensive foreign brands ; and, secondly, whici is of more im portanca to the producer, thoy deeire to ascertain definitely just what it is, climate, soil, or process of curing, that produces so much better tobacco in foreign countries than that produced in the United States. If they can dis cover wherein the subtle distinction lies and teach to the American pro ducer the secret of toning and flavor ing his tobacco they will confer upon the consumer an inestimable blessing and at the same time put millions of dollars into the pockets of American farmers which are now spent in other countries. A brief description of their work, which has already been alluded to in previous issues of The Progressive Farmer, is given in a recent issue of the Tobacco Journal. It says : The work now being carried on at the Department of Agriculture is divided between the divisions of vege table physiology and pathology and of soils. In the first division Mr. Oscar Loew, whose work in bacteria and yeasts has already attracted wide spread attention, is the moving spirit, and in divisions of soils Messrs Milton Whitney and Thomas H. Means have made valuable researches. Emile Mul- eer and others kave also contributed largely to the experiments and obser vations now in progress. The follow ing will give some idea of their work and its results: A tariff of 1 85 per pound on wrap- para and 35 cents per pound on filler leaf hs served to raise the price of home-grown tobacco but very slightly. Sumatra wrappers bring 12 50 to $5 per pound, while Connecticut wrappers are worth 25 cents only. The preference for the Sumatra leaf can be ascribed to but one thing, its superior excel lence. Care in handling has something to do with the difference in price. The Sumatra wrapper is smooth and fine and looks well in a case. It is well as sorted as to length, color and shade, and a pound will cover four or five time3 as many cigars as the domestic product. Exasticity, pliability, sfz3, shape, color, eiz3 of the veins, the fine ness and peculiar vein of the Havana wrapper, and silkiness of the Sumatra wrapper are all to be considered. To compete with these leaves the Ameri can must produce first a leaf which will resemble the others in appearance, and then one which will be cq'ial, if not superior in flavor and aroma. The first can be secured by careful cultiva tion and handling perhaps, but the ( s :encd of flavor and aroma is so sub tle as to have so far eluded all efforts to discover its source. Oa the soil of Connecticut and Florida it is hoped a tobacco can be produced, which will equal that of Havana and Cuba. What ever is deficient in soil or climate must be supplied, but how? That is what is puzzling the scientific men. Little is known of the chemical proportions of the Is&f, particularly those which con tribute to the flavor and aroma. It is probable that the actual amount of nicotine 13 relatively unimportant, and it isc3rtain that the excellencaof the leaf and its adaptation to market demands are not dependent, except in a gen aral way, upon the amount of nicotine It has long been known that certain of the potassium salts, eapt daily po tascium chloride, cannot be used at ail for the production cf cigar tobacco, as the 7 give the leaf a poor burn. It is furthermore an old experience that ex cessive nitrogenous manuring tends to produce a large leaf of inferior q lality, containing an increased quantity of nicotine. Investigations by the divis ion of soils have shown that the light sandy soils of the Connecticut Valley are similar in their physical properties to the tobacco lands of Florida, and the Vusita Aba jo district of Cuba and to the tobacco districts of Sumatra. There is, further, no difference in the meteorological data from thes9pkc?s that would seem to explain the differ e'iC3 in the character of the leaf pro duced. It is therefore important to ascertain, if pcssible, why, under similar circumstances, a superior leaf is produced to that of the Connecticut Valley. It is clearly recognizai that the flwer and aroma of the cigar to bacco leaf are developed during the fermentation, although the fermenta tion changes are dependant on a cer tain quality of th leaf which has been properly cured. Experiments have thsrefore been directed toward the im provement of tha methods of ferment ing the tobacco of Connecticut with a view of making it as good as that of Cuba or Florida, and failing by this means, it ia hoped that the result can be attained through hybridization aad breeding. It is not to be supposed that for many years the idea of producing by artificial means tobacco equal to that of the natural tobacco regions had never oc curred to any one before the scientists of the Department of Agriculture took it up. On the contrary, many men have studied the question exhaustively, but the solution ha? alway s eluded them. Their observations, however, gave Dr. Loew something on which to work, and, after going into them thor oughly, he decided that no one had yet discovered the true saeret of the flavor and aroma of the tobacco. He agrees with Suchland and others that the flavor is due to oxidation, but dissents from theory that this oxidation is due to the presence of bacteria. Dr. Loew ascribes it to the presence of an oxidiz FARMERS' QUESTION BOX. Under this head Tha Progressive Farmer will answer each week sach questions regarding farming in any of iti aspects as may be sent us. Having secured the services of Prof. Bjnjamin Irby, Agriculturist of the North Caro lina Experiment 8tation, and of Prof. F. E Emery, who has also held this position and is throughout the country recognized as authority upon alRarm ing matters, two men who have all their lives studied the business of prac tical and scientific farming, we expect to make this department of great value to our readers, worth of itself $1 a year to any farmer. Send on your queries. This department begins properly in our next issue. ing enzym. To prave the existence of the enzym, Dr. Lcewcanducted a large number of experiments with tobacco in all stages of curing or fermentation. He has found that there exist3 on Florida leaf two kinds of oxidizing enzyms, distinguished as tobacco oxid ase and tobacco peroxidase. Compari son with the Connecticut leaf has dem onstrated to his satisfaction that it is on the difference in theso enzyms and on their presence or ats3nc3 that the d.ff jrenco in flivor and aroma depends. The question is still, however, far from settled. Hiving demonstrated to his satisfac tion the presenca of these enzyms, and their effect on tobacco, Dr. Loew is now engaged in classifying them, with a view of combining them so as to pro duce on the Connecticut leaf tha same eczym which gives the Florida leaf its flavor. There may exiat great differ ences in the amount of tobacco oxidase ond tobacco peroxidase produced in different varieties of the tobacco plant and under diffarent conditions. The quantity of each may even differ on the uppsr leaves fully exposed to the sun and the lower leaves growing mostly in the shade. There may also be formed compounds in certain vari eties of tobacco that will produce more quickly the enzyms during curing or termination than in other varieties. A considerable diffirenc3 was noticed in comparing a sample of tobacco from Conn? cicut with one from Florida. In the fermentation of the former the to bacco peroxidase waa almost complete ly destroyed, whilo in that of the lat ter a considerable pari was still intact. Moreover, neither the fermented nor the cured Connecticut leaf contained any tobacco oxidase, although it was found in a greenhouso specimen of a fresh leaf. The b;:et example of how the oxidiziag eczyms are brought to the fullest action possible is in the preparation of perfque tobacco. The rolls of twists are subjected to a pres sure of about 67 000 pounds to the foot to bring the j nice from the interior to the surface. After twenty four hours the tobacco is taken out and aired a few minutes, which cau333 a darken ing process to sat in. The juiso is re absorbed into the tissue and the pres sure is again applied. This proces3 continues every day for ten days or more, and then at intervals for several week?, until a very dark product ii ob tained. The tobacco ia not, however, very stroDg, as the oxidation of the nicotine has been carried very far. Tire action of oxidizing enzyms has a? so been noted in the preparation of Japanese lac, in the manufacture of natural indigo and in the fermentation of the olive, practiced in certain parts of Italy, BUYING FEEDS RICH IN PROTEIN Oarrt rfpondence of the Progressive Farmer. Bulletin No. 131 of New Jersey Sta tion, by Prof. Voorhees, the Director of that Station, is full of good thoughts, the result of inspection, analysis and study. The purchase of feeds, either to sup plement heme grown prcduca or to provide the entire amount of concen trates needed, requires that care should be exercised in order to obtain the most economical results. It is now fully recognized that feeds rich in pro tein should be added to the home grown products, if they are to b3 utilized to the best advantage, since, under aver age conditions, the crops grown of both grain and straw contain so great an excess of the carbohydrates, or etarchy substances, as to make their exclusive use wasteful. The feeds that are best adapted to this end, viz., those rich in protein, as a rule, consist of residues from the manufacture of some OOOTINUED 03 PAG 2 8. 14
The Progressive Farmer (Raleigh, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Oct. 3, 1899, edition 1
1
Click "Submit" to request a review of this page. NCDHC staff will check .
0 / 75