Newspapers / The Progressive Farmer (Raleigh, … / Feb. 6, 1900, edition 1 / Page 1
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THE INDUSTRIAL AND EDUCATIONAL INTERESTS OF OUR PEOPLE PARAMOUNT TO ALL OTHER CONSIDERATIONS OF STATE POLICY. TO fol. 14. RALEIGH, N. 0.. FEBRUARY 6. 1900 Ho. 51 3$ V ar,. 3, ( E PUBLISH 6 WEEKLY The '' uu y"Qr la- tells you when youi nhecrlptlon expires. ipts for money on .nhf-rtitton will be gl in change of date on label. If not properly s vngea in two weeKs, f)l Jl ' 1 l u 41 a uuociiuci nisuco wi. cony of the paer discontinued at the -x-nlr&tt'-n f ia suhevcriptlon. notice to tbat effect hoai1 indent. Otherwise it is aesnmed that a Snntlnnai'Ceof the subscription isdeslied. and In arrHrt8 mnst be paid when paper is rdr T- PP- ...... T V . k ' 1 I n . . -. r4 . . fr. Moue iur rlR II eiit o rt-KU erd letter or nionev order. Plne don't nrrui tamps. Be sare to trlve both old and new addresses in ordain rbaneof poftfflre. o-th 0f Advertising Kates: ten cents per agate Ub Liberal discounts for time and space. mi item ls marked to remind yon mat yon .- a enrefully examine ' Ms sample copv and Sdu f 1 f-T a' ear's subscription. Win also Snd D.er on trial 0 months for 50 cents, or a month- for 2 cents Or we will send your nner free f'r one year If on will eend ns in nw subscriptions, or free six months for S3 in fW ST1Vw4'ript1ns at thfi rates. Wkm&ui mtelllxeut correspondent in every fonntv in the state. We want rAC-rs of value rftsnlri tw compilshed of value, experiences of iThje plainly and brleflv toid. One solid. deiDOTirrtwi cr. is worth a thousand theo ries. Tb Pkooressivb Farmer is the Official Qrgn of the North Carolina Farmers' State FARM AFFAIRS. DR pRKBR on thp plan of THE TOBACCO GROWERS. Oorreepondence of the Progressive Farmer. It do v rely looks like the tobaccn growers and independent dealers are gettiDg in ehape to help tbem-elves. A' their Ute meeting in Rligh varioun plana and schemes to head eff tb trusts wn presented and discussed pro and con in sued a bold arid during spirit a whs refreehiog indeed to one who na heard so many bitter cim plains about the greiy and wick-d exactions of te trut without anv well at fined tfE re to righi its wrongs Ho tver. it will cake persistent ana heroic work all along the line to ao CompHrh any permanent good to thp to?ac o tiro er. The enmy has been M amlng his forces f or years and no I comma: d the cett'eand bnh wing of toneituaum. Tne Am-riean mr ket f r the leaf and every line cf tbf manuf ic ured articie haa b en con icrd The n xt move ia their marsr. of co q est h to buy up im metis trace o! la u .a Cub. Porto R co and ottu r depe (iprH-iPiS of trie U-jred 8 t'es the toocco trU-iss eornoiGiog witl the big r hi d ruic ecdicrite? to hav all of the procucts enter our pjrts duty free, tnereoy redacing trices to a still l3tr level ihao ever heard of bj fore Nearly evary day we 899 eomthiDg of ttie at xity xhtbiced in Cbmet meetings, in 8?nate commutpe meet ing3, an ut the Deceseity of free trade, to prevf nc wide ppread business doas ter in P r-i Ri;o. These bi synii ciUani djubc are lending a hand iD thi "in enje at xiety" baaiaeps as they i-a always acxou? to fx-nd their i i wi i in and makdouily secure their Ftror glds. Thy are cow ea3in o it for thf markets of the en tira ro nrcial world o har. they can consul p'ics to producer and coa eutx r 'a wirld over. N y J7!tiwt&od;D? all of thi3 array of hard "k. aad lavish expenditure of moopv-oa tepirt of the trusts, the firrre- s-enria to tiink that an occa ?iona meeting, with th se ecaaional spon of indignation a? d iTiptnt puurng, will demolish Gn Dik aai nil of h 8 Tihorts ia th- firs, ec pagemonn. "Vaaicy I Vaauj 11 sayeth tbe p-"-i .-e''. Tn- far.Tier. poor fellow, wan'8 to wais f r smeb)dy elsa to rep-e3inc hica a d hw iniereflts b for Cahinei and t r -ional miezing,. He may wait ho l in-,Uiurate and formulate ; h may h-t-istte and ppculate; he rany enkiv k'o nod excratp; he my m di-tatenr.-i procrastinate; he mav ininu ate and cnm'ra e;he may oci'er'e &ni tc sr culat; hn may fxp s ulate acd ev-n phojpna:e until d wm'a day without avail; unless he too, enters into a o robin-i to f rce a fair ditnbu tion me proce d to al wro tsrow, handle, cr maLUfac ure the raw mate rial. Will th tibaico growers of North Caro'in. V-rinia, Suth Oarolina and Tecn-p lo iijerd lay the day t.f tneir daliv ran -ef Surely ihey have SiSrfrf d enoujjn in the Uat tn yars to fully colv a them that any further delay eui -.ii .1 and ruinous in he extreme At ibf very Qrt opportunity, let every tobacco grower, wnecher big or little, ea the agreement for a five years' campaign againet the American Tobacco Comrany. cann t be worsted no danger of that B'gir nor with the best plan that could b devieed, by the combined wisiom and xprience of the leadiog tobacco grow tb and independent dealers ia the State and as time and experience sha I levelop conditions, all the necessary haDges acd amendments can be in corporated into the present plan. Nj tiller of the soil should hesitav 'or a f ingle moment to sign the most binding agreement to be loyal to the rfq'iirtments of the association. For one, I am now ready to swear by the ohtning summits of Mount Sinai, or by the vasty deepa of the solemn eea, or by the broad expanse of the starry fkies, or by the unmeasured towers of infinite epace, to never again grow a single plant of tobacco or handle a single leaf of tbe same in any wa whatever that will aid acd abet th American T tbaccj Company. 8 help me, high Heaven. D Rkid Parker. Randolph Co., N C. CANNING FACTORIES. Towards the end of each berry sea son most of our truckers bgin to real ize the i eed of canning factories. We are glad to fi id t a at least one paper has Dit waited till too late to advice the establishment of tuch enterprises Now is the time to start the movement, Read this from the Chalcourn Mes senger: The berry eeapon ia drawing nar and tbe o ltlook ia indeec bright for the growers. But we cannot aav wrettur tne whole crop can be shipped at a pn fit or not, and t oar way of thu.k log it w ml i be a good idea to contrive some plan to util si that part of the crop that will not be shipped. L't season one of cur truckers c in ced a number of q tarts and fold a lot of them to a wholesale grocer m Wil mmgtoo a 25 cents per quart. Would it not be a good id-a, then, to eaoii3h a canning faeton and save all the crop trat is nor. shipped! Ic seeoa as if ic would be a p y u g enter P'iae if euch prices aa ih? aboe could be real z d The coeo cf the outfit wr uld bv3 pmall nd the n iwa of rpatio2 r;.uld noc aaiou tt to muci; and we are in cuned to think tnac t;h dboarn ount ti hnva acinotng factor anyway. Oiaimot pv. ry far m ihere i enough venetab.f 8 and fruicp that gi to was;e every eeapon to m re than -uoply thn fauily the year rjund if the eame could be preserved. Why not gi to work and eet a fee tory here, and save tht wnich v oud be wasted tte cmin seasont THE ACREAGh AND VALUE OF CROrS LAS r Ytf AR. The 8 ar-ietioian of the Dioartupot of Agricolture has rade public his fioal etimae of the acreaH. pod Hon and value of the crrps of 1899 Ta values are red on tho avere farm prices on December lu, in ac cordance. wi;h the practice of the Da pirrment. Tne wheat afi'?0 44 592 516. the prducri -n 547 .S3 846 -a e, t.ud tho value $319 545 259 the average yield per acre on g 12 3 butnla aid the average farrn prion per buhtl on December 1 58 4 cents. , Ttn Ciro av m -c 82 108 587 tne p'odncthn 2 078 143 933 ou-helf, ar.d the va ui 169 2U li, tne average yi Id per acrn teuK 25 3 busiel-t am the average farm price per bushel on Ditmoer 1 t 30 3 cents Tn- acrea f oft a 2G 341 3S0 tho pre dacrion 796 177 713 buut-i m.d the Vi'ue $198,167 975 tho average yield per acre o it 30 2 bashla and the average fa-ra prua per tushel on D camrer lt 24 9 cents. Th- barley crop is estimated 73 381 563 bu9helP, the rye crop at 23 961. 741 hn ."el-; the buckwheat crop a 11. (94 473 bushels, the potato crop at 228. 73 33 ouaiela an3 tae hay crop at 56, 655 756 tons Prof. Ribinson, the Director of the Experiment 8-ation at 8 m hern Pines, stated in a talk to ire 8 -ate H irticul tural 8 e?pty recently hpld there, that he grew 7i tons of Delaware erapes to the acre mat year. Hi aleo reportec shat he grew from eignt to twelve tons of artichokes to the acre, ar.d all the way f rorc 40 to 36o bushels of s eet po tatoea to the acre. Io the growth of sweet potatoes the yMd, he eaid, de pended almost entirely upon tbe amount of fertilizers used. A TIMELY Q JHRY-WHA 'S IN TAkL FfiKTIulZaR BaG The law in many States compels manu'acturers to put the analysis of their goods in plain figures on the bg nd yet there are many uere to whom these words and figures convey no in telligent ideas. 1 3 should be remembered that the three substances farmers want to buy in a mix?d fertilizer are nitrogen, phes phone acid and potash, and that these are not obtainable in their pure 8 ae. but are contained in cercain fertu zer ingredients that are articles of com merce, pays ihe Prm Journal. A bag of fYriiliz r weighing 200 pmnus, contains, therefore, much be side the three fertiliz ng eif-ment named ab ve. This waste matter, a we may Cill it may ba dis-eg&rd d when we come to figure ouc the value of the contents of the big Bat ic may be said in p&ssing that this so ea led waste may have agricultural vlue. With this introduction, let u ljofe into a bg of goods buch a9 e find offered for sale. A 8 ate experiment station bulletin b-fore us will aid us in ti is work Hire 8 a big of the more than three nundrea triads analZtd by the Bea tton Onemist Marked on the side is thia analysis: P-r Cent. ammonia 3 50 o 4 00 PhoepQoric a 'i i, (avai.ablt ) 7 00 u. 8 t 0 Total phosphoric acid 9 00 to 10 00 Potash (iCiual) 7 00 o 8 ( 0 This is a piait etra'gnt fcrvaidsb-te ment. and comparatively (asy to un derstand. As we have before stated in theee articlts, the nitrogen we want it contained in the ammonia mentioned ia ttis analysis Ot 17 parts of am monia only 14 parts are nitrogen. To ec tre proper figures, in place of 3 50 atd 41)0" we mu t divide each b 17 and multiply b 14, or, which is the same thu g, multiply by 82 We will, therefore, change fhp fl sr i -e to read: Nitrogan 2 87 t S 28. per cent No v we are reaiy to fi-ure on the contents of the bag, always rememner ing that the higher figures given by the manufaciurer are really of no im portance, for he'does not guarantee to isive anything more ti an his lowest figure indicate. We, therefore, disre gird thorn I 2 87 per cent, of the consents of the rH is nitrogen, 'his means that in each 100 pounds, 2 87 oound are nitro gen, and hrca, in the 200 p ucd ba there are 5 74 p und of ni'.rogen. In the same way we figure there are 14 poinds cf available ph SJhoric acid, a'd a total of 18 pounds o' available a d ins lub!e paosphoric acid. The extra 4 pounls io thee last figures means, of course, that 4 pounds of the phosphor c ecid is insoluble Ic wruld have been beitr to pay, Pno phinc acid (io-olubl ) 2 00 pr en..' bat to say ,4cotal pnoaphonc ac d, 9 00 pfr ojnt while it r.eans tne f-ama, is nore impoirg 1 Of actual potafch th a 'lvoria guarautets 14 o unoa No v, hdding uj our figure, 5 64 pounds of nitrosten, 18 pounds c f poo phorio acid and 14 T',lnrsof potash we have a to'al or 37 74 pound Tr rest of the cmcensof tne bg 162 26 pounds, we have n particular u- fur. and need nos count in reckoning the vnlue. try ro learn the commercial value of'th" 37 74 pounds of pla tfood. Thenoo.dite ot trade values adopted ia 1899 oy several of the experiment statious, rates nicrog n in m x d fer til zTS ai 14 cents per ponno, phos phone acid, ( ivaiiable) at 4 5 c nr9, in s iluble phopiorij acid a 2 n s and pota h, frn mtiriarecf p uasn, (im- erally usp ) at 4 25 eeuts Miitiply iag the acertaiaei contents severally bp the apirnriate fliur a. the nitro gea i w.jrth 80 cents; the nhophonc a;id, 71 cnr.p; the potash. 6J cents, or a tDtai of $2 11 for the entire c m ents A ten bige make a ton, a ton in worth $21 10 Tne e'ation figures we have qirrec are intended to represent tbe retail cash cost per pound of the fe ti izir in gredienta contained in the raw mate nala before they have been mixed. It is important to notice tnis point Of course the manufacturer buys at whole ale rates. But be has to mix, bag and deliver to agents,' or consumers' sta tion, and perhaps, wait sa m mtbs or a year f r his pay. 8o if he adds from 15 to $10 per ton to our flurp and makes the sellirg price $25 or $30 per ton, he only does what others ao At the lower figures, $25 thia brand may be regarded as a bargain, as fertil z?rp are usually sold. As a matter of fact the bulletin from which we select this brand we have been considering, and the prices w have quoted, gives the brand a higher valuation than we( have calculated from the lower figures on the bag. Tne station chemist found by bis chemical analysis the bnnd contained more than the lower figures guaranteed. There was an exces3 0f phosphoric acid and of potash, wnile, the nitrogen was fully up to guarantee. Tne consumer, it will b9 seen, has two ways of learning what the bagcon raios, the figurjs oa tbe bag iteelf and tbe analysis of his 8tate chemist givt n in his State ttarion bulletins. BROOM CjRN. A Missouri farmer, writing in the Journal of Agriculture, savs: The b'oom corn crcp of 1899 is now in the hands of the trust, who willhotd t for an enormously high price, about $250 per ton, before the new crop can ot put on the mraeo This high price will cii-us" ma y farmers to plant half thf ir land to broom corn. I precict this year that many tons of broom corn will b s )ld by the farmer at $50 per tOD. M st farmers will eel I a? soon an it i3 ready to sell; oth-ra will have to sell as they will not be able to hold it for advanced price if it should come iihtn twelve m -nth. Were I farm ing m T xae or Louisiana, I would plant broom corn early early varie ties, and put on the market early about s x weeks before it would come in com petition with 'he Middle and W stern States; but es I live in MiESJuri I will no: plant any. good farming. Mr W. R Baugham(of Ri;h 8qiare, dxpurimenied with peanuts last year iih good results. He planted two acres in peanuts of land that would prcduce about one thousand pounds of aetxa cotton p r acre On or e acre he upd one thousand pounds of lime aDd 250 pounds of plaster. Oa the otner he used ihe fame quantify of plas e r o in no lime Tne two acn s produced 4 700 pounds of fine peanuts. H j has lrta y realized frt m the "ale of pea ( ur fr im the co ncrj8, $73 net, and ha? 30 ortaon hand at presea : prices. Mr. BiU'-htm e timatea that the cre r n whieb he um ume in addition to pK8:er produced 3 000 pounds, am tho acre withmic ume abmc 1700 pmnds Thf 1 000 piunds of lime cet, leuvered at Ri :h rq tare, $2 50 Io r q uree no ftrtd zer, now con trolled Dy a robber trust, to produce peanut. We have talked with a num oer cf farmers on the subject of the relative value of cotton and pfaouts as a money crop and all 8gree that more money can be made raising peanuts at owo cents per poucd than cotton at eight c-nt8 per pouada Rjanoke vjho waa Tim Sales of tonune x lagsattheN. O. a.gncultural Department are rather smaller that at this date last year, but one rmh bastiOtyet begun, and they may be as heaw or heavier. NOTES FROM MY IK LICK GARDEN Woney Crops for the Market Garden In my experience in market garden ing 1 have found tnere are some crops that are safer to d' ptnd upon as money cep3 than othera. Toe market gar der-ersh uld grow a variety of iruitp and vegetables, but he ehould plant m ire largely of the ex ps that are the moet marke'ttble. F -r several ye-ars I havo t ired a m m to drive a market wagon for me in the villages that are near me, and in this time I have learned hat to supply my cuatorxers, and -"hat I have real z d tne most money Too?. Co the arxateur gardener who ia hesitating a& to what crops to grow she m 8C of, to supply a village mar set, my experience may be of use. I have found a greater demaud f ;r the small fruits than for the mot of the vegetables, end amarg the email fruits, I am able to sell more straw berries than any of the others, and strawberries are now one of my main money crops They ome the earliost in tbe season, and the people want nnem, and I have nothing else that nuts i.s much ca?h in m ? pock t as the first few p ekines of strawberries. If me berries are nice, I am able to fell them tbe fir!t week h r $3 to $4 per bU8ael, and from my acre of plants I have sometimes pi ked 30 to 40 bush els in one day. After the first week, because of a surplus in the market, the price wil sometimes drop to $1 50 per bushel fo a day or two at a time, and at tbi price they sell readily for canning. 1 am upually able to maintain a foir price for large and well color d berrtep through the season, and seldom am obliged to take leas than 8 cents per q tart, and the last week of the straw berry season, when they are scarce he p'ice will ad vane? again to ten or tw lve cents per qaart. I grow the most of the other small fruits in smaller quantities, and I think that next to strawberries tbe black berries have been the most profitaole and in larger demand; then wou'd come raspberries, grapes, currants ana gooseberries. I do not grow plums and cherriea for market only a few for family me. Coming now to the vegetables that are grown in the market garden, I would say that the mo.-t 8 a Die of these are early potatoes the gardener sel dom grows late potatoes for market and onions. In any large village the gardener is generally sure t o fiod mar ket for considerable quantities of these. Oiher vegetables that are gen et ally in good demand are green peas, g weet corn, Hubbard f quashes, celery and cabbages and caulifl jwers. Perhaps we may class celery and caul fl jwers among the luxuries in the vegetables, as every one does not buy them. But these two vegetables have made more money for me than any of the others. I have found a sufh ieot number of rish and fashionable pep e that were willing to pay good prices for fiie celery, to make its culture profitable to me, and then ppecial on dition of 8 oil, moisture, and fertility are needed to grow marketable celery, and aa these are not found in every garden, the supply of good celery is not usually large ia (he villages. I would advise the amateur to go slow on celery until he has learned more about its culture. Another vegetable that some people aa already incimated, are willing t pay a fancy pne for, if they are fine enough, is cauufl iwera. There n a good profit in growing them if the con dition8 are right, but with the cuitur. cat ia often given them they are not a reliab'e crop. There is anally a gor d demand for caul flowers in Septemter and Ojtobpr, wben people are makiD pickles, but at other times they are not in a? good demand, unless you bav weathy and fashionable peop'e among your customers To get their trade you must grow fine heads. The large pure white curce, with tbe leaves trimmed nicely around them, attract the eye. and people buy them because they "look nice." Ia most large vn lages there are enough people h want them to make a market for a few thousand heads. Another vegetable that one ehould plan to have a good supply of during the pickling ttme in the fall is onions There is a time when nearly a 1 of m cueromers want onions for their picklea. For this purpose one should grow a rather small onion that wtil mature early ia September. The Y 1 lo GiObe Danvere if sown early m the spring is as good as any for p'cals The onion? that are sold at this time usually bring one dollar per bushel, but later the price is lower until late in the winter, when there is a small pup oly, and they sell again for a higher price. All through their season there is usually some demand for onions and they are no of the staples that the gardener can depend upon aa bem mat ketable. I have found the market for cab bages somewhat uncertain. Soon years I have been &b e to sell them in the field for a good price, and in otce years the price was eo lov that it did not pay me to hire a man to pdo e them. We grow a smail plot o Hub oard fqiashes, and these pay well if one can get a good crop, which is not always easy to do, because of the in sect eaemies tiat attack and destroy the vines when they are small A- paragus ia a paying cop, but it takp three or four years to get it wlt estab iiafted so that there is much pro ft . in it The other vegetables, as tomatoes. turnips, beets, bean, lettuce, radiants, carrots, parsnips, etc , I have fouoo ess profit in growing, but it is a good plan to gro these in smaller q iaati ties, if one drives a market wg m, so as to have a variety to supply your customers. My experience has been on fined to growing trues for jome arge villages, not for the city market W. H. Jenkins, in Ohio Farmer. VALUABLB BULLETINS. We wish to call the attention of all otton and tobacco farmers to four very valuable Farmers' Bulletins issued oy the Na ional Department of Agri culture. These can be studied witk profit by moat North Carolina farmers. bey are: Farmers' Billetin No 16: "Lrgumi nous Pants for Green Manuring &ni Feeding" Farmers' Bulletin No. 44j "Cora mercial Feral zerV Firmers' Bulletin No 48: "The M miring of Cotton " Fa mers' Bulletin No. 83: "The Cul ture of Tobacco " A postal card rr q'Ksfc, addressed to the 8 c-f tary of Agriculture, Wash ington, D C ." will eeoure for you, fret of charge, one or more, or even all four, of these valuable documents. We be lieve that all farmers that study them will thereby derve rruch benefit. A writer in the Practical Farmer rather deplores the iiifluence Farmers' Institutes have had on the Grange, de claring that they hsve served to keep frm rs in line with the two great po litical parti a Tne Institute workers are paid for their services, acd being selected by one or tbe other of the po litical parties, are always loyal to the prcy ; hence we see tbe Insti ute ia the produce of the nop chine. This fact of itself is evidence that there will bo co di'cupsion o' the economic side of farmiog, and any one who has attended the various Institutes will have ob served that any attempt to enter upon a discussion of tbe questions appertain ing to our foreign markets, transpor tation, etc., is always promptly sup pressed. If the Institute management was in the bands of the farmers thia would not be thecise The redeeming feature ia the social aspect of tbe Ia fttitute. Our sons and daughters come out, and with songs and recitations contribute the prtLcipal interest of the occasion. And the writer asks if it ia not about time that farmers slip their muzzles and a it-cups other questions than the mere details of soil cultiva tion. A little farm politic will not 11 -ir GOOS& BREEDING AND PASTURE, Editors Progret bive Farmed 1 hve four acres cf land that has been tun ed out for pasture ten years. Am now having it plowed and expect to make a go?83 pasture ?ut of it. vVhat would be bees to seed it down with? Could I ra?83 300 geese on the four acres! the land is m fairly good condition and would make about five barrels of corn per acre. Tours truly, W. B Sawyer. Pamlico Co., M. C. (nser by C rreopcnding Editor Eaiery, M. 8) With land iu good condition and ex pecting to get tbe maximum of pas turage oft from thia four acres, we would advise sowing a variety of for age planti and to replow and sow over ihe early one so aa to get a double crop on a part, at least, of the four acres. Suppose the land lays so it can be easily worked in half acre f trips and the-e are teeded about as folio we 1 Orchard grass, 2 bushels; white clover. H pounds. 2. Spring oats, i bushel; Canada fl-id peas 1 bushel. 3 Italian rye grap, 2 buabcls. 4 Evrly Darf E -x rape in drills 15 r 18 inches apart; 6 pounds of eeed. (Rpe can be again planted in early fait and this araouat of seed will do for two planting)- 5 Sweet corn. S Cabbage. 7. A-wnles bromegra?, 2 bufhels. 8. Sorghum; any variety will be good; 3 pouaoe 88 d. Foilow upppae and oats, rape, sweet corn and sorghum with tec&mte, tur nipa, cowpets; and in fall, vetches and oats, rye, or wneat F-nce the graz ing lota for goslings to not more than one eighth anre and make the fences movable. Wnen, for ix-tmple, yon start on rye grass. gr z this eighth what ic will bear and move the burdlee to the next and so continue until the naif acre is eaten tff ; while it is grow ing up anotner piece ia being grazed. If sorghum grows up cut tne stalks and feed to the breeding stcck or cure for hay. Inamiiiately afser the annual CONTINUED OH FAGX 8 I J'
The Progressive Farmer (Raleigh, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Feb. 6, 1900, edition 1
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