Newspapers / The Progressive Farmer (Raleigh, … / Feb. 27, 1900, edition 1 / Page 1
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111!!? THE IflDUSTRIAIj AND EDUCATIONAL INTERESTS OF OUR PEOPLE PARAMOUNT TO All, OTHER CONSIDERATIONS OF STATE POLICY, RALEIGH, N. 0., FEBRUARY 27. 1900 Ho. 3 "M. 15. f Cr PUBLISHED WEEKLY ""tihih on yoar label tells yea when your .nwrhitln expires. Receipts for money on Inscription will be given In change of date on lbel. If not properly changed in two weeks, notify ns- . "nwCON'TI NUANCES. If a subscriber wishes h coiy of the paper discontinued at the -rrton f his subscription, notice to that effect Fhould be sent. Otherwise it is assumed that a ffinnanceof the subscription is desired, and arrearages must be paid when paper is ordered st -pped. voev atuurrlsfe if bent oy regit- ered letter or money order. Pimm, don't tend, warops. " gure to give both old ind new addresses in ordering change of poetofflce. R8l of Advertising Rates: ten cents per agate llne Liberal discounts for time and space. TM item is marked to remind you that you vtTh rare fully examine ibis sample copy and .'end t SI 7o?a dear's subscription, wfil also 3 pa on trial 6 months for 50 cents, or ? month for 25 cents Or we will send your ;S2r free for one year If cm will eend us in H'esubSriptions. or free six month for 3 in rew nbscrtpt1ons. at these rates. We want intelligent correspondents in every ,ft,"tvin the State. We want facts of valua 3 accompUshed of value, experiences of rtfie Plainly and briefly told. One soiled SSSnstVatM crr. is worth a thousand theo ries. Thi Progressive Farmer is the Official Organ of the North Carolina Farmers' State Alliance. FARM AFFAIRS. R-pin all county tobacco growers meetings for Tno Progre3ive Farmer. If you planted rape last year, report res llts to Toe Progressive Farmer We hope that thousands of North Carolina ...-hn have not yes teseu u, wid do eo tbia ypar . We have been urging farmers to read the government Yr Bck, which ia ppnt free f t om the D partment or agn i . nr vxTaflhincton- D O. It ia a larcrovLilume replete wita vary valu able information and tells simply what mnv want to know. Application tor a cop of the work should be made to your Cjnres?man Whil?t laying out tne land fcr the different crt'pe, do not neglec; to set apart land upnn which to raie forage crops, f-uci as eorghum. sji b-are, and copvaa. nor fail to leave a place for tbe set potatoes, Ute Irish ota toe3, meio s and cacteloupe3. All these crop 8 contribute much to the comfort ai d well-doiDg of the live Etcck and of the household, and eho'ild not n glected after the staple crops hare been provided for and pUnted Exchacge WINTER STORED VEGETABLES. Orrespondence of The Progressive Farmer. As now id the moat pr. flcable season for wim eretored vegetables, it might be a good hmg to call attention to the eub j:et. Last fall we had some excellent winter cabbages, which, owing to the low prices tfEered for therx then, we held m storage on the farm for a more favorable market. Tnere were eix tors of them, and they have just been sold in New York markets for prices varying between 16 and 9 per 100 They were not all first class when brought cut of their cold storage, but by carefully preding them the highest prices were obtained for thi beet. If they had been ehipped jist 68 they were tbe lot would bave been sold f i only a trifl9 above the lowest price, These cabbages lost vey little through rotting cr wilting, and we made fully twenty rer cent, more by keeping them. A tom3wbat similar experience was had ith a ceigbbor who kept over a lot of carrots and turnipa Tcee ne'ted him gor d prices in January, and he is now c r filer.t that there is more money ia raising these winter v-Rf tables for tha market than in cultivating them for the early fall. During the height of tbe fall teaacn the eupply ia so great that nearly every market ia ever crowded. U )8t farmera wi?h to realize on th ir producta aa soon as harvested, and by so much eagerness they sacri fice a good deal. Ochers have no ade quate storage facilities for winter vege tables, and they have to dispose of them alcnt-t as Boon as raijtd Thi-3 new phase cf farming is coming more and mere into voue, and instead of shipping bU cur produca to cities where merchinta put them in storage for future profits the producers re harnicg to hotd on to their gooda until there h an actual demand for them Farmers have controlled tha corn situa tion thia year more than the specula tors by eellina; their ccrn gradually, and not all at once, and the cotton farmer haa accomplished much in the same line We must learn to do it in reeppCC l0 everything else. Wc can ven do it with perishabla goods if we put up ice hou?P8on the farm whare Rood cold storage can be hsd in eum meror winter. As to winter vegetables believe it ia a prcfiable part of farm ing in the future. It is a poor farmer who cannot find some way to hold over a part of hia winter produce until Feb ruary or March if necessary, if by bo doing he cat increaee bia profits 8 W. Chambers. LIME FOR FIEI.D CROPS The application of lime in some Ala b ima tests to soils devoted to corn, to matoes, lettuc3 and tobacco greatly in creased the yield and the quality of the cropa. With the tomatcee it was notic d that heavily limed plats were remarkably free from blight and other fungous diseases The soil waa li ned at the rate of from 15 to 45 barrels per aero COTTON AND OlVtiRSlFED FARM ING. orrespondence of the Progressive Farmer. Diversified farming has o' recent years been held out to the f irmera of na don:h aa a panacea for all ilia, and flrko,miio-thoap ills incident to growing t-W!W.J ' - CJtton at a loas. Ail those farmers whose locality ia suited to cotton, but hn hvo failed to make it Drcfl able through noor management, and ino" ranca of the condiiiona necessary to the oest development of the co.ton plant aresuppossd to be able to go into something else whica they know less about than they do about cotton, and for which in many cases, their land is not R8 well adapted, ano make mney. For inatanco the Suta Georgia farmer haa been advised to plant sugar cane in competition with Cuba, Porto Re) end the Philippine, and a move ment ia on foot to stare a sugar refin ery an Savannah, while tha north Georgia farmer :s encouraged to gro hear;acrop trebly aa exhaustive ti nia soiss aa cotton, and one which ill bring him in, if anything, lesa money than cotton cn the same land. Now. I do not m?an by this, to give the impreaaioa that I am an advocate of the all cotton idea A certain amount of ci versifications ia necessary, even to tho b et dovelopment of the cotton CrOO, OUl 1 11K8 lU B O mia uivwpmj come along reasonable lines, and the farmer encouraged to plant thoe thirgfor which his soil and locauon are beat adapted, and the sale of whi ;h carries with is the Emillest amount of plant food off the farm Now while tbe farmer should without doubt raise as mu ?h of his home supplies aa he can, profitably, it doea i ot follow that he should produce everything ha needs; as he w8 compelled to do in earlier timcs There are sush things as augar, ea, fl)ur, clothing, etc., which he can hnv verv much cbeaner and better thftn nroduce thm. These r-ommrviitiea can Bifelv be left to other nft,,nia whilnhi energies are directed toward the production of thoeo things ' for which hia eoil and location are best adapted, to exchacge for them. A.mong theae things cotton takes flrsc placo in the Souchern States, and should be supplemented by dairy prod ucts atd beef cattle. H-story shows that a people have always been prosperous in tho pcs3eesion of large horrid nf nn-ttle. even aa far back as Abraham. Cattle .'urnisn tne mining link to tho succaasrui proaucuon ot cotton making a place to put the for . . - . ase cropa which muat ba grown m or dir to eatabltan a rocauon in wmu . - - w A w cotton will do its best. In an interesting In an interesting ana instruct pamphlet on "the manuring of cotton," i-sued by tho D partment of Agncul tureat Waahingcon, we nna iub iui w a t -M a. il -Renovating cropa, and especially m ll nnronpa furnisn an eiiiJien anu 63onomical method of bringing cotton . , -oarrnA mnat lanaa intu uuuuuuu v fwu" iiKMii nrf nr .fltablv to tne aDDlica ofrC,i munnrfl under - HUU Ul UJUV-cuno. a Li i wvu 'U .uw r Tho mnflc nrmi liiiuiu umu 'i ploying the cowpea for thia purpose tmn is to gather the peaa at ma em on cotton, ia to gather tne peaa turity, cut the vinea for hay, and turn under the stubble along with the ma nureVesulting from feeding the hay to stock and cattie " Tha above remarks are derived by combining the results obtained at dif comuiuiug kUO a . ferent experiment stations over tne Smith, and Uluatrates cne iau tuai. m Wn cattle are a necessary ad janot to pro Stable cotton growing I would, bo 00 - for hay aa soon as we 1 podded t r applicatim for mineral fer? il zre in the form of potash and phosphoric ctd, od the renovating crops, little fear need be entertained that cotton will not continue to pay. , Cattle make it possible to supply nitrogen and or game matter in its nest ana cneapeev i form and render it necessary to pur chase onlv the cheaper chemicals to fceep up the fertility of our soils. They consume our forage crop, and make it passible to utii za cn the farm the valuable by products from the cotton, of meal and hulls, beeidea forming in themselves an additional income in which comparatively litUe plant food is eold cfl the place. Th'.s ia a form of divers fixation which will be profitable and should bo encouraged, as there i3 no better place ia the world for stock raising than m our Southern country. F. J Mkbsiam Battle Hill, Gv LEGUMES SHOULD BE GROWN ON POOR OIL. To g3t th9 beat reaults from legumi noua crops (peaa, eto ,) they ehoula be grown cn ground which is compara tirplv unfertile Tee'8 have shown J that if planted cn this kind of soil they take large amounta of nitrogen from the air and store it up in availaole form for following cropa. If plantec 0n comparatively fertile soil, the ele ments are taken from the soil and not from the air, and the crop ia of little comparative bensfic on this kind of land. TWENTY FIVE DOLLAR PRIZE ESSAY ON CLOVER CULTURE. R2d clover (Trifolium pratense). V possible we sbouiu gro our on Feed or purchase it from a well known a: d reliable dealer. Tnia to avoid noxious weed sends. In buying seed the best ia the cheapest in the end A eingle layer of seed that will adhfro to a wet fi iger ia convenient to tAst the purity and condition of seed. A hand magai fying gliss is a va uabSo aid. On part of our farm the rotation n? corn, oats, wheat and grae; on the other corn, cats and grass two or three years We sow a mixture of two parts timoshy and one part clover, at the rate of 8 q iarts per acre in the fall 'wih the wheat, and 4 q larta of clover in the spring, if poiole, when the ground ia honey combed. In the last named rotation imotny and clover in about equal proportions are 8Dwn at the rate of 10 quarts per acre when the oats are son. We have had sue cesaful stands of graes by sowing in oat? 4 years out of 5, and have never had an entire failure. Our experiments show that clover can be grown sue cesa'ully with potaan and phosphoric acid, and that nitrogen may be ir j ir ious, especially if applied in the form o' sulphate of ammonia or nitrate of soda. Organic nitrogen, aa in ariea i . blood, does not appear to ba so ujur ious. As we increased the amount of niirogeu the clover decreased and the C3 timothv increased Ltme in the form of oxide, carbonate and eulphace en couraged the growth of tho clover, but not to so great an extent aa phoephoric acid and potash. In tryiDg timothy nnd clover with oats or barley aa com pared with sowing is alone, the latter The reason that gavo tuu vjco iuuc I 1 nH -J n In.t in or, ma aoa TY1 11" cwva uuen uu. v.vD thin one year, n that ic is crowded out oy tne timomy. ua a pim. wusrc i v nrnir wkf a a u , uiii iu m iiit.ii . irii i riuu .o, 0 . . . . a BOJu.uu.s - clover were both sown, nearly clear timothy the wr mi ri ir ir r -. m mm ; i mm. r-t r i- iti i i ii mi lii 11 j . i iuo - - - latter par 01 .ugusb ur uhkius ui September, before tho clover or weed? anaA ThO r 11 f h O T" K I" 13 111!"! ivj bu rather high to prevent injuring the heart ot the Clover oianis. weaouut i , . i asture the rarm iaca xne cuppeu I . .. AAntTD material w ibiuviuk as tu . I oaniraa n.a ft. mulnh. ana further It - ... a . V. , keeps the weaa ana scuooie out oi mo hay. It alao obviates the ne cssaity of burning the stubble, which in many C38J8 IS a watsteiui pruuuuu. xucvi, too. the clipping inducea tne clover to - . . . stool. Before we began the practice oi cliDoing the growth in tne season was sufficient to form seed. Toe result was 1 r a(i a poor uj 7 I : rr Aii mnriT.M uiri hi Lrr ii'iviutc ku. abUi v uuyCk rrt tne ..ow. " - . . l ne.a ra iqo ia ..u6, roueu aa huuu uo mo enough. Thw is done to press tne ary ' euo pittUW tUkU iuu onrtully thrown out by fr a:. If r congidsrabla acnount of heaving occur is mdicaea the need of underdrainage Toe crop should te cut for hay whei the peed ia in the milk to dough stage If cut sooner the me x mum amount of i.ooa is not securea, anu u itic iuuger, much of the nutriment of the plant hia beeD transferred to the seed, which passes through the animal undigested he leaves are also more likely to be lost in the curing proceea. When sown with timothy it has to be left a little longer in c rder to give the timothy more time to develop If put in the ado it should be cut sooner by three cr f jur days than when intended fcr hay We bave filled cur silo tne last four years with great 6uece?a. Saculd the c lover become too ripe it cad better ba cut while the dew ia on, W A or water addec in n iing, to insure uftiient packing to exclude the air For hay the clover ehculd be cut in the mornsng after the dew ia off, and left t dry until the middle of the afternoon hen it may be put in large windrowa orc .cfe3. If the weather ia favorable it may bespread out the Lexs after noon and tasen to tne barn in me afternoon. It should be handled as iictle aa possible to prevent the less of haves, and can be left in cocks several days if proper attention ia given them. Che cock covers, now to be had on the marker, could probably be used to g od advantage by many who at present suffer a large less in the improper cur log of the hay. Tne prejudice agams ciover nay ja largely due to the care lesa methods of curing, in which the leaves are. lest and the etems insuffi ciently dried to prevent molding in tne mo v. Orirnaon clover (Tri folium incarna turn). We have naa aa uuch as 2$ cues of bay per acre where the seeu was sawn alone at the rate of 10 q-iarts per acre in she beginning of Ju.y. It raatured the last week in May. For tne past three years wo hve bowk p ais on J i!j 15 .h, August 15ch and September 1st. Tne July sowing wae tne b29t in every ins aces. Our great et ni ;uy in eecurir g a etana in tee cornfield has bern the August drought Tie seed wcu-d germinate, but tbe .-lant3 would die before getting a firm hold in the eoil. If possible the soil should be harro wed immediately before and after the seed ia sown. In 1891- 5 it came through ibe winter very well. but part of the plants were killed in April by the sun's rays on a frosty morning, xne seea aoes not germmtue well when mere than a yer old. so that great care must be eecure fre&h seed. Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) haa not nrnvpn a Buccals with ua. Oar SOU is macnashim limestone clay with rather a compact subaoil. and only moderately well drained In several instances we secured a good stand, but it was nearlv all fr z ;n out the first winter. We tried to grow it by inocu liting the SDii with nitrt gen and soil obtained from the G?neva Experimei t tfitinn. on which a 1 irge growth hi d been secured the previous year. Th plat treated with the G-neva soil was b ttr than the plat receiving no treat ment, but the nitrogen had little eff .ct on the stand and gro wth. Alpike clover Trifolium hybridum) dot s q lite well with us, especially on the damper ground, and we think it o til l often be used by the f armt ra of tois State to good ad vaat'igp, especial ly where the land is pastured. In 1896 we experimented as to the proper d.fferent clovers, and found that covering from one inch to , h U inchea was better than a very light covering. The seed ! ,vHrF i Liu r n qiju lwu iuwuvw -ww T cameoa clover cam? ijome ud. The un a llttia Denier wueu uuvcrcu two incbes than white clover, which result should be exoeoted from thee zof the seed B H. H, in Practical Farmer. BROME GRASS. Bromus inermis is 8 gras3 whieh in roiaa particulars resembles qiack Krasa. It has root sterna which creep along underground and form a dense buii in va v- quack graes i, and no larmer neea I r-v klnn naaa dark tear it. uur couimuu uiuo e, ha underground stems the same as quack grass, and yet tnere lat og t-a r ,ain, r.hftn the biuegrass. bromus ;; nnHan bron inermis or Hungarian brome grata ia i r. taii wnrr.nv 111 li iti l w uui and I itr0oj ly urge them to u ma , ot be q,llte B0 tooa a8 timotny or Diuegrasr?, uu m0re kmda ot easP8 auu ic Derimsut with bromus -W. A. Henry. SHIP THE BEST. It ia impossible to estimate the Icps sustained by growers through the per nicious practice of ihippiDg inferior berries to market, but no one can deny chat it must be enormous. The cuil berriea seldom realiza much more than coat, and even while they may bnrg an apparent profit, yet the loadir g down of markets with inferior fruit must have the effect of depressing the price of prime etock, which otherwise would bave sold at satisfactory figures. Good berries have only one competi tor, and that is the culls. Fancy stock never gluts a market, but drops in value when an over supply of poor ber ries ia disposed of at any o?d price that ia offered. Ship only tha bet and seep the culls at home. Ms. Olive Ad vertiser TOBACCO DEPARTMENT. I i our G nerel Correspond euce de rartment ihia week, cur tobacco grew ing friends will flr d an interesting and well written article relaticg to tobacco internets from the pen of Mr. S. G Sstterwtito. ORGANIZATION OF WAR RE lJ COUNTY. Jorrespondence of The Progressive Farmer. Oj Sturday, Februarj 10 h, a good iv number of the farmers of Warren county met in the court hou e and or amzed a permanent Cjunty Tooacco G'OwerB' Association. The following officers were elected : J B Davis, President; J. A. Dow tin, vice President; r. fii atamngs, Secretary. Executive Committee: J L Burchett, S J. Pritchard, L. H Hawks, Eugene B. Stallings and W. R. Wiggica. To weship organ fzUiona will now be Dushcd. You may count on old War rn. Asti Trust. Warren Co., N O. . PITT COUNTY A? SOCIATION. O irraepondence of the Prosreesive Farmer. Piit County Tobacco Q overs'Asso nation held a largely-attended and very enthusiastic meeting a few days ago, in Green villa. J. J Laughicghouee, President of the County Tobacco Growers' Associa tion, called the meeting to order and made a splendid speech. Secretary A J Moye read minutes of last To bacco Growers' meeting. Tne roll of township was then called and all were found represented. The first work of the meeting after organ zing was to appoint a committee on resolutions, which consisted of J. S Harris, J jhn Flanagan, G. T. Tyson and I. H. Little. Tne first resolution reported reads as follows: "Resolved, Taat we, the farmera of Put county, do not believe that the farmers' agricultural interests of our dcate receive due recognition in our 8:ate Government and law making owers regardless of whieh parties arA in fiontrcl of btate BiiAirs. A3 a partial illustration of this we invite at tention to the personnel cf tbe Peni tentiary Bard which haa control of the State farms, and also the Bjard of Agriculture, bo h of which boarda artrtuid be comDGSid exclusively of farmera." Thia was killed because, forsooth, it looked like 4,gcing into politics 1" Never thelssa, your correspondent would like to commend it to Pro gres9ive Farmer readeJS Tne following resolutions were then read and adopted. The meeting asked that they be rfsrred to the committee on plan of action appointed by the last State meeting with the request that thov be embodied with the Jordan plan. These resolutions are as follows : Resolved, That the moat pracsical nnri fPAftihlfl nlan cf thwarting the methods of the trust ia the encourage meet and patronage of indepencens to bacco factories a That we pledge ourselves to uae all honorable and legal meana to en courage the use of geoJsmaaufaccured by in2ependent factories. 3. That the President appoint a cam mittee of two in each to wnsnip to con fer with the merchants of their re spective townships and take the names of til merchants who are willing, and those who are not willing, to cj oper ate with us in thia struggle for com mon justice against the power of Ifgalizei tyranny, and report them to tbe President, who will publish tnem in any of the State papera that he may deem proper, and that the merchinta rr q lested and urged to use their in fluence with Northern mereh&nta to tiQ'i them to handle and sell ocly goods manufactured by independent factor ies, and to give preference in their Northern purchases to thoee who show a willingness to co-operate with us. 4. That we appeal to all lovers of jiatice, right and humanity to help and encourage us in this crusade of the weak against the strong, of justice against if j istice, of humanity against inhumanity. 5. Thae we urge immediate and as - tive organization throughout the to bacco growing States of the Union and invite co operation along there lines. 6. That we ask the next State Can- v ntioa of Tobacco Growers to adopt thia co opsrativa plan aa the most prac tical solution cl this vit&l q:ieticn to ua ell 7. Tht wo ask all papera that reccg nize tha righteousness of cur cause to give these resolutions as wids circula tion 68 poppible. The Jzrdan plan ra3 then endorsed by the convention. AtVr thia, the following additional resolutions were off red: We, the farmera cf Pitt county, recognizing the need of coLccrt of ao tion and of combination for our mutual b ntfit and protection, make this dec laration of purposes and invite all the counties in North Carolina to form similar organ zatiocs, hoping this movement will extend to every State in the TTaion. 1. Wcereaa, The present depressed, condition of agriculture 13 bo great that the independent farmer ia fast be ing reduced to dependence or actual want, and cannot at present prices 0! farm produce give tho necessary com forts of life to hia family. The im mer.se and fertile territories being now thrown open to the world for settle ment and development give little hope of any permanent or appreciable rise in tho price of farm produce for the future. 2. Th3tripical possessions that we have recently acquired by ccc quest offer a field for syndicate farming with peon or coolie labor and,, menace the markets of the American farmer. 3 The great rise in all manufactured products is out of all character and proportion to tfce advance in raw ma terials. The great prosperity that is so widely heralded ia not being enjoyed by the farmer, but it is being felt by him in that the profits of his labor must be wrung from him to pay tribute on theae enormously inflated and fic titioua values. 4 Geat corporations, trusts, in defl ance of all civil and moral law are strangling tbe liberties of a free people and swa5 ing the deatinies of the re public, naming its titular dignitaries and dictating national legislation. 5. With a devloping and expand -ing market, with decreased production and with increasing prices for manu factured tobacco we find the prise of leaf tobacco steadily diminishing intil it haa fallen to that point where it ia no longer profitable. 6 All manufacturr d articles are ris ing in price aa the farmer's profi s ti cm his toil grow lees and less, ani we call attention to the fertilizar tiust which, while directly dependent on tho agri cultural interoeta.of the country is gouging the farmer to the last farthing and making it even more difficult and costly for him to produce hia crops. Therefore be it Resolved, That we urge upon the farmera of this county that they re duce their money crops, cotton and to bacco, at least 25 to SO per cent, in acreage and make an effort to raise all home supplies, pursuing an intelligent system of rotation and stock feeding, planting oeas for enriching their land and making hay, and that we encour age them to hope that by an intelligent and diversified system of agriculture we may increase home comforts and to some extent alleviate distressed con ditions. 2 That we unqualifiedly condemn the imperialistic and insular policy of thia admini8iration and rcq-aeafi that the representatives in Congress from this 36td vigorously protest against the free admission of the products of the cheap labor of the tropica in competition with our products as such importation would be disastrous and ruinoua to the Southern farmer. 3. We heartily invite capital, indi vidual or corporate, to come among ua; we will encourage In every way we can it legitimate investment, giving it OTSTZXTTED 03 PAGE 8 1
The Progressive Farmer (Raleigh, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Feb. 27, 1900, edition 1
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