North Carolina Newspapers

5$2- 9? TI1E INDUSTRIAL AND EDUCATIONAL INTERESTS OF OUR PEOPLE PARAMOUNT TO ALL OTHER CONSIDERATIONS OF STATE POLICY. Vol. 15. Raleigh, N. C, May 29, 1900. No. U 1 i fvfffc f"s r r A Y7 Y .V .. Agrici ture. - - o AGRICULTURE OR MANUFACTURING? SiiouM North Carolina Cease Further Efforts ! necticut an example of a manufac "o be an Agricultural State and Eend all Its j tnring State. She has within her Energies Toward Manufacturing! Speech j borders 28,518 mortgaged homes, cf Mr. J. J.Iiles. of Anson County, at A. & j over four times as manv as wo lmve :i. College, Raleigh, May 19, 1900. T . . ,. , . ,X 0, , 3 . ! Joining Connecticut is the little State X-rth Carolina is an agricultural ! of Rhode Iyland? which, t.lkim? illto xate. Its lands are productive, in I consi(lmtion its size, is nowhere to al! sections yielding under proper oxcollod as a manufacturing State. I-;, r. Even if we are excelled in t';,' production of a few special crops, wv cannot afford to give up any that v.1 now raise. If the wheat and (vn crops of the Western States are failures, those States are badly rr:;pled. but with our soil and cli v. ate. we are not dependent on any ri.e crop. If the sugar crop is a fail- u:v in Louisiana, if the corn crop is tailure in Kansas, it the cotton crop in Texas and Mississippi is rained, then these States are thrown into a deplorable condition ; but with (ur diversity of crops we are sure to hit the season. It is true that we aro excelled in the production of cotton, but can we afford to give up our 000,000 bales worth $21,000,000, when the demand tor cotton as now shown by the ris- ; ing price, is far in excess of supply? : We raise 35,000,000 bushels of corn , annually, worth, at a low price, $16,- :,n0,000; and we must continue to raise this necessary product, because when the Western crop is a failure, this quantity of corn is worth at least $25,000,000. Although we raise only 4,750,000, bushels wheat, worth s 1.000,000, it is to our advantage to l"liimw crop amounts to 7,r,50,0OO bushels, 2. 200, 000. Even if wo had to give up these four crops which are produced in the face of such great competition, and which are worth $10,700,000, we have offers. Take hay, sweet potatoes and Irish potatoes worth $5,s00,0o0 ; cattle worth $1,800,000 : hogs valued at $1,500,000; apples and peaches at a low price bring $5,000,000: and to- baceo, $0,000,000. Om tobacco is first in quality and second only in quantity to that of any other State in the Union. Wo have a world-wide reputation for this product. In civilized nations, in birbarous nations, wherever men Miioke, there the fragrance from this phmt grown in Xorth Carolina rises l'r.m pipes filled with Blackwell's Bull Durham." Xorth Carolina's strawberries are the finest in the world. They have boon sold in Xorthern cities for 45 :its per single quart. Of course th.S was an exceptional case, but is iiative of what can be done. Fv. .in one farm of 30 acres in 1M0 8; v was received. Gardening .. 1 r glviss and in heated green h ; is tlie coming op rtunity for tv;:ekers. One tirm at Xew I' ' 1 la-t winter made on one acre tt ce during the month of March -Another grower had 3' iin-. Ler iriass and realized from frames during tin4 winter and erin- so.suo. In a single season , cffoct . Qf these conditions upon wo Yom the farm of Messrs. Hackburn mcn and iris is always more than Willett have been sold produce 1 s; 5,000. Our early vegetable L the East and the late crop of WVt were, four years ago, sell- -or $U .00.000. Xow they bring that amount. Putting alow 1: :ate on ail of our crops and sum- n.: them up, we find that we sell : '""- worth of produce an- ;; l.v. besides a large sum which is .i -v.i trom our forest products. 1 !m tlie other hand, when we look . t t!:e conditions of some of our . manufacturing States, we are -Ut to realize the necessity of :;:!;. n- as a farming people. T:m a- ea of Xorth Carolina is 52,- -piare miles, and that of Massa- its only .315. The rented i-s of our' State number 108,430, ; i Massachusetts; less than one- e size of Xorth Carolina has . nearly twice as many as we ; Massachusetts, Rhode Island and Our mortgaged houses num-, Connecticut, makes us, as a people, ' ,. while Massachusetts, one ; rich compared to the leading nianu-:.-ading manufacturing States facturing States. In addition to this rnion. has 00,210, nearly ten i the western part of the State has i - many. We find Connecticut I already made a successful beginning same condition. Her area is : in stock raising and is destined to 1 i.e. ' ' !' ' '. ' : tii. ' ': t 1 ' t 1 tli. : only 5,000 square miles, less than I one-tenth of our State. Her popula ; tion is 74G,:00 ; not half that of North Carolina. But a train we find in Con- X I lilt-"' llli Ui,ll -L 1, - f U nillUll U llllll just one and one-half times the size of Wake county, and a popula tion of 'i45,500 about seven times that of this counts'. It also contains 7,583 mortgaged homes nearly 1,000 more than the whole State of North Carolina. If each family averages eight persons, we find every sixth home mortiraired. If each familv in Xorth CaroUmi llvcrai tho samo i evcrv thirtieth encumbered. Nine per cent, of the American 'population possess 73",; of all the wealth. This is considering the whole countrv, but in manufactur ing communities it is a great deal more in favor of the classes. Ladies .md gentlomcn? tliese ure facts, and do they not prov0 that thc added wcalth from manufacturing comes not to the masscs but to the classes? Althou, -h. Xorth Carolinu has had but mtlo experience in manufactur- ing the above statement is strikingly illustrated in an adjoining county. Within the last 13 years in Durham county, five country townships lost $124,000. Durham township gained in the same time $5,080,000. Of this amount $1,050,000 went to five fac- tory owners 01 Durham. Ten or m,cn others gained about $300,000, leaving a gain in 13 years of only $430,000 for the remaing 10,000 in- habitants, or an average of a frac- ticm ovcr pCr year, Admiting that manufacturing blin:,s wealth t" a State, but with it brin-s those pernicious influences whU.h corrupt our politics, degrade om. morais and destroy our man- hood Just in pi.01)ortion as tho farmers of Xorth Carolina are forced into fat.torios, just to that extent are tho fl.co .md independent citizens of our state made political slaves. They li.,ht fhc 1)attl(. for their employer as coml)ielely as the vassal did for his feudal hvd. Tl0.;e are tjlc sins whicli in the end brin- forth the death of nations. Let us not poison our body politic with the lust for gain, nor fever it with excitement of artificial life. The conditions which exist in fac tories and mills are not conductive to the proper development of young men and young women. Children are required to rise before 0 o'clock every morning and work until dark. Men and women who have to be sub jected to such long hours of con tinued toil from childhood amid sweltering isn;l stilling atmosphere of mill and factory (for a po-n exist ence), cannot be expected to develop the ambition and force of character necessary to inspire and elevate their domestic and social relations. The mum men and bo vs. The forcing of , . f tl fac.torv tends to destroy t principles of character out of wllicli noble womanhood is made, ,Tust in proportion as woman is trans- ferred from the home to the work- sho is hcr insl)irinir alld refining in- fiuencvs in the domestic circle de- str0yed, thereby lovvering the char- of" thc children, the family, .md ultiimitely that of the whole community. With these facts before us, gentle- men of the committee, Xorth Caro- lina cannot afford to give up her agriculture or devote her entire time to manufacturing. Our successful competition in the production of cot- ton, corn, wheat, oats, tobacco, not only secures our independence, but by the statistics of paupers and mortgaged homes in such States as become the great apxle-growing sec tion of the United States. In the East wo have unheard-of possibilities in trucking and gardening. This in dustry is yet in its infancy. It can hardly be said tnat we have begun gardening in frames and under cover, yet in lettuce alone fortunes have been made in a single rear. Our strawberries are the finest in the world, and with scientific agriculture and the proper development, the whole eastern part of the State can be turned into one vast truck farm, that would be a source of wealth to the State unsurpassed by all its other industries combined. Wealth from these sources would diversify our industries, develop our institutions, and mean prosperity and happiness to all the people in every section of the State. On the other hand, wealth from manufac turing alone, would mean prosperity and power to a few, but toil and sub jection to the many. Manufacturing alone would mean stagnation to all other industries, and corporate con trol of our public institutions. It would mean the congestion of the great mass of laboring people into large cities, thereby depriving them in a large measure of health, happi ness and independence, and make them the tool of the ward politician, and thc servants of concentrated wealth. -We cannot afford to sacrifice every thing for the accumulation of wealth. Let us then, in the name of human ity, continue to develop our agricul ture, thus preserving the freedom of our institutions, the purity of our politics, the bravery and patriotism of our men and the purity and love liness of our women. The free homes bill litis passed the Senate. It makes the following Oklahoma Indian lands subject to homestead entry ; Cherokee outlet, 5.3o 1.770 acres ; Pawnee reservation, 100,320 acres ; Sac and Fox reserva tion, 304,530 acres ; Iowa reservation, 207,028 acres ; Pottawatomie reserva tion, 250.. 8 'JO acres ; "Cheyono and Arapahoe reservation, 3.500,502 acres; Kickapoo reservation. -5.000 acres. ROTATION OF CHOPS NECESSARY. What a "Western. Tarmer Has Learned. Correspond nee of The Prorei ve F;tmu r. More and more 1 find farmers com ing to the conclusion that a rotation of crops is necessary for good farm ing, and even here in the West when we failed to practice it at a time that Eastern farmers advocated it, thc most successful farmers are now adopting it. Wheat, of course, is one of the crops In the rotation in many sections, and corn another, while clover is a foregone conclusion. It makes it bad, of course, if in the rotation the wheat or corn crop proves bad. Then we have to double up with one or the other, and usually we feel that we have not made as much from the rotation as we should. Yet there is a likelihood of a failure of either of these crops if the rota tion is followed carefully. The wheat and corn failures are more empha sized on those farms where little or no attention is given to a systematic rotation. When you omit grass or clover and the land gets run down, the wheat or corn is pretty sure to make a poor stand in seasons that are not very favorable. The result is that the man who keeps his soil in fine condition through a good system of rotation of crops is usually the one who has the best crops in off years. I have found as a rule that the off year crops are very often the most disastrous or the most profitable. When there is a good crop every body has plenty to sell and prices in variably run down below the margin of a decent profit. Xobody exactly does well, although you hear a good deal of the amount that is going to the farmers. But it is not always the full amount of returns for a crop that counts, as it is the amount re ceived per bushel, pound or barrel. In off vears it costs no more to raise the crop, while prices are so high that the man who has anything to sell is sure to make a good profit. Xow if he can produce a moderately good crop when every one of his neighbors 4ias a poor showing he is going to make a good thing out of it. His profits per acre will be larger than during the season of abundance. So I have been trying to farm for the off years as well as for the abundant years. With proj)er attention the crops can be made fairly good even when the season is against you, but it takes care, attention and intelli gent work. One of the great advan tages that any farmer can obtain over the common lot is to keep his land in such good tilth and mechani cal condition that fair crops are bound to grow A a good rotation of crops is as essential for this as ex pensive and continuous fertilizing. With best wishes for The Progress ive Farmer. W. C. Indiana. A Richmond, Va., dispatch says: The improssion prevails in tobacco circles here that the International Tobacco Company, reported soon to bo formed, will not be a competitor of the American Tobacco Company, but that these two corporations and the Continental will all work in per fect harmony. There is a strong belief, indeed, that the three great corporations will be practically branches of one immense combination, each looking after its own peculiar field. The fact that Mr. Arents, and others largely interested in the American, are also interested in the Interna tional is thought to give color to this theory. - THE PHILOSOPHY 05" MIKING FEEDS. Perhaps instead of talking so much about balanced rations and nutritive ratios, it might be well to talk a lit tle, about mixing feeds. First, a few facts : It is a fact that you yourself, while fond of bread and fond of but ter, like them a good deal better to gether than sen-irate. You could live on bread without butter if you had to, you could live for a little while on butter without bread, but you can live better by spreading the but ter on the bread. Yon are fond of beans and you could eat them with out pork, you are fond of pork and could eat it without beans, but long experience has taught you and your grandmother that pork and beans to gether are better than either jork or beans separate. You are fond of potatoes; you are also fond of beef. You could make a meal on brown potatoes without roast beef, or von could make a meal on roast beef without brown potatoes, but your grandmother taught you long ago that roast beef and brown pota toes are a very good mix for a sub stantial dinner. We might state facts like this much more fully, but the above will convince you that you like your food mixed. Observation has taught you long ago that oats are good for pigs, and so is corn, but if you have kept your eyes open and noticed closely, you have observed that pigs make better gains on oats and corn mixed, than they do on either separate. On the same line we might give you a few similar facts from the stock yard. With potatoes at ten cents per bushel, the digestible nutrients or food will cost you ninety cents per hundred pounds. With corn at thirty-five cents, the digestible nutrients will cost you seventy-eight cents per hundred pounds. With middlings at $14 per ton, the digesti ble nutrients, or that part which the animal actually utilizes, will cost you ninety-seven cents per hundred pounds, and with skim milk at ten cents per hundred pounds, the digesti ble nutrients will cost you $1.12 per hundred pounds. This makes potatoes with corn at thirty-five cents worth for feeding purposes between eight cents and nine cents per bushel as compared with corn, and it makes one hundred pounds of corn worth about nine times as much as one hundred pounds of skim milk. Xow let us try a little mixing. It has been found by th experiment stations, in actual feed ing, that six hundred pounds of milk fed alone will make about as much wnn rvnr Vmndred DOUndS Of COrn, i Uill CV T ai vv - - ' but that if you mix the milk and corn in the ratio of three or four pounds of milk to one of corn, that between three hundred and four hundred pounds of skim milk will equal one hundred pounds of corn meal. Potatoes fed alone to hogs are worth very little unless they are boiled, but mix them with middlings or shorts or oil meal and note the high appreciation that the hog has for that kind of a mixture. His ap preciation is scientific as well as prac tical. He believes in mixed feeds. If you offer him a mixture of corn and potatoes, he might probably turn up his nose, that is, if he had been fed like a millionaire. He does not know anything about science of balanced rations, but he distinguishes very quickly between mixes and mixes. He will take his corn with skim milk or buttermilk, if you please ; he will take his potatoes with middlings, or he will take corn with middlings. While he will take middlings and skim milk, his internal conscious ness would indicate after a little while that the mix was not quite right. The little pig might think differently, because he is different. Experience has taught the farmer that clover hay with corn fodder or timothy, or straw, or corn, is a most excellent mixture, that clover and corn will do better together than separately, and that corn fodder gains in value very rapidly by being fed interchangeably with clover hay. In other words, that you get not only the value of each, but you get an additional value as a result of the mix. But after all, this is only the old doctrine of balanced rations and nutritive ratios statde in a different way. me SKim miiE: nas a nutritive j ratio of one to two, and potatoes one j to 11.5 ; that is, one of flesh formers 1 to the amount stated of fuel or heat makers. What the growing pig, calf or lamb requires is about one to five, or about the ratio of oats or mid dlings ; hence, the importance of mixing. The reason why you like bread and butter mixed is because butter is almost entirely a pure heat maker ; the , bread, especially brown bread, is largely muscle making. You want them mixed, and when the weather is very cold and the demand for heat greater, you would not ob ject to some side-meat with it. The doctrine of balanced rations is founded on nature's laws. You can not avoid them except at your own loss. Mixing feeds intelligently is simply balancing rations, and you will mix with larger intelligence and greater profit if you will take time to study nutritive ratios. It is all right to call it mixing feeds, and the science of mixing feeds, but it is just as well to master that word nutritive ratio and get down to scientific prin ciples. It is not after all any bigger or harder word than telegraphy or telephone, or any other of the new words that science is continually forcing upon us. Wallace's Farmer. The condition of the road is the price tag that tells the value of the farm. The advertisements of the round bale cotton trust, printed as news matter, are again making their ap pearance in many newspapers. The Progressive Farmer exxosed this scheme last year. There is undoubtedly, after a little experience is acquired, a good big profit in the growing of ginseng. It is estimated by government experts that China will take from American growers at least $20,000,000 worth every year, and as the wild ginseng is nearly extinct the supply must come largely from the cultivated garden. The dried roots bring in j the Xew York market $7 per pound. ; A valuable book on the subject giv- ! ing full particulars of the culture j and marketing of the roots is issued ! by the American Ginseng Gardens j (incorporated) Rose Hill, X. Y., j which will be sent any of our read- I ers upon request. It outlines plans ! ef investment of from $5 to $1,000. ! The figures given are very attractive, j and doubtless will encourage many j of our readers to start at least a small bed of this money-maker. Send for the book and mention this paper. Horticulture, THIN YOUK FRUIT. In view of the heavy fruit crop in Xorth Carolina and adjoining States, The Progressive Farmer is just at this time more interested in getting farmers to thin their fruit, than iu almost any other matter. We re ferred to this last week. In an address on this subject be fore the Massachusetts Horticultural Society, Mr. J. H. Hale, tho famous peach grower; said : "I wonder how many of you practice the thinning of fruit on your apple trees. Xow, ap ple trees will do a good deal if you do nothing for them. But the man who wants good apples apples that wull pay in the future will practice thinning his fruit. I should take a young tree which attempted to pro duce one hundred apples and remove at least fifty of them, leaving not more than fifty to ripen. The next year, if it attempted to jmxluce two hundred, I should leave one hundred or less, and the next, if it. had one thousand apples, I should leave three or four hundred only. By this method I should get that tree into the habit of annual bearing. The man who will make fruit growing profitable business will thin all his fruit. A peach tree that will set a thousand peaches needs to have six or seven hundred thinned off. The commercial side of fruit growing de mands thinning of nearly all your fruit. You will get more bushels to tho tree within reasonable bounds ; tho more you , throw away tho more pounds or bushels you will have left ; increased size more than make up loss in number." A NOVEL INDUSTRY. Growing of Tube-Roses Reaches a Great " Magnitude. There is an industry in Nrth Carolina of which very little is known to the general public. I am very sure many will be surprised to find the magnitude which it has reached. This is the tube-rose in dustry, under the management of Mr. H. E. Xe wherry, of Magnolia, Duplin county, writes a correspond ent of the Raleigh Post. He was born in East Hadden, Conn., in 1839, and came to Xorth Carolina when he was 20 years old. He settled in Duplin county. He was a poor boy. By his diligence and economy he has made an independent fortune. Mr. F. A. Xewberry, the brother ot II . E. Xewberry, was the first ono to un dertake the tube-rose industry, but he gave over the business to his brother, who has brought it to its present proportions. For the last several seasons he has shipped over two million tube-rose bulbs each season. He has also engaged largely in the production of caladiums, cari nas and dahlias, and last year he sold the iroduet of 25 acres. Rare varie ties of cannas and dahlias are being developed. For the coming season he has ten acres of these two bulbs. Mr$ Xewberry has recently sent to Trinity College a large collection of choice flowers. They have been bedded in a beautiful plot on the college park, which has been named for him on account of his generous donation. In addition to the bulb-growing, j Mr. Xewberry does a very large busi ness in the vanilla leaf. It grows j wild. It is dried, packed in 500 ; pound bales like cotton and is used ; in flavoring smoking tobacco. Mr. : Xewberry was the first man to intro- dace this industry into Xorth Caro ! lina. He ships now many carloads each year. The first huckleberries ever shipped out of the State were shipped by Mr. i Xewberry. Over three thousand ; bushels are now shipjxid by him each I year. He also conducts a large truck j farm and manufactures on an . ex ! tensive scale strawberry crates and ! cups. He also conducts a wholesale and retail mercantile establishment. ; The facts in connection with these ; industries were given the writer by I Rev. J. W. Wallace, Magnolia, N. C. j A long pull, a strong puD, and a j pull altogether, will hasten tho time I when mud streaks called roads shall ; have passed away.