Tho Progressive Parmer, November 13, 1900,
8
- ,. ,i n ,. I I
CONCLUDED FROM PAGE 1."
lover of ham, never gets such meat
as ours, unless it is cured in the same
way. There is but one way to have
this first-class bacon, and that way
is the one herein portrayed. Such
ham as ours is worth its 18 and 20
cents per pound in the Buenos Ayres
or London market.
Our next and final step is to show
how to preserve our bacon nice,
good, and clean of the "skipper"
through the summer and autumn.
This will not detain us long.
THE SMOKE HOUSE THE 4 'SKIPPER."
The meat house or smoke house,
as it is commonly called in Virginia,
is usually a tall frame structure,
10x12 or 12x15 feet, ground plan, un
derpinned solidly with brick set a
foot or more into the ground, or
with a double set of sills, the bottom
set being buried into the soil. This
mode of underpinning is designed to
prevent thieves from digging under
and into the house. Stout inch boards
are used for the weatherboarding,
and sometimes the studding are
placed near enough to prevent a per
son from getting through between
them, another precaution for keep
ing out thieves. The house is made
tall to give more-room for the meat,
and to have it further from the fire
while smoking.
The weatherboarding and the roof
should be tight to prevent too free
escape of smoke. No window and
hut one door is necessary. The floor
should.be of clay, packed firm, or of
brick. There should be room for one
or more platforms on which to pack
meat, and there should be a salt
barrel, a large tray in which to salt
and a short,- handy ladder for reach
ing the upper part of the room. A
large basket for holding chips and a
tub for water are necessary while the
meat is being smoked. For the con
venience of the housewife there
ought to be also a large chopping
block and a meat axe for cutting the
meat into the required size for cook
ing. Nothing not required in the
care or handling of the meat should
be allowed to cumber up the room
and afford a harbor for rats, or pres
ent material for a blaze in case a
spark from the fire should snap out to
a distance. The house should be kept
neatly swept, and rats should not be
allowed to make burrows under any
thing in the room.
Another important item in rela
tion to the house, as it goes far to
keep out the dermestes (parent of
the "skipper") from the bacon, and
that is, have the floor of the room
made of stiff clay, firmly packed
throughout. The "skipper" under
goes one or two moultings while in
the meat, and at last drops from the
bacon on the floor, and if the soil is
soft and yielding, buries itself into
the ground, where it remains all
winter, and comes out a perfect bee
tle in spring. The hard floor will
prevent its doing this, and compel it
to seek a nesting place elsewhere.
In case the floor of the smoke house
is soft and yielding, it is well each
winter before the meat is packed to
salt, to have about two inches of the
soil taken up and carried out to the
field and fresh soil put in its place.
Better still, make the floor hard with
clay. Even this, however, will not
prevent the larva of the bacon bug
from finding a safe hiding place, and
is only mentioned as an important
preventive measure.
With a hard floor to the room, and
the room swept often, and by the
use of plenty of black pepper on the
meat, there ought to be very few
bacon bugs present any one season,
and consequently not enough "skip
pers", in any of the meat to render it
at all objectionable.
Bacon keeps nowhere else so well
as in the house where it is smoked,
and if the bug does not get too
numerous, it is decidedly better to
let it remain there than to pack it
way in close boxes, in oats, in bran,
or in anything that has even been
suggested. Bacon needs air and a
cool, dry room to keep well in sum
mer. The least degree of dampness
is detrimental. Cloth or paper sacks
exclude the air and injure the flavor.
So long as the bug can be kept within
bounds, let the meat hang in the
house where it is cured.
As many, however, will prefer to
exclude the bug entirely, the follow
ing device is offered as a safe, cheap
and satisfactory preventive :
After the meat is smoked, hang it
all close together, or at least all the
hams in the center of the house, and
enclose it' all around with" a light
frame, over which is stretched thin
cotton cloth, and so let it hang all
summer. This contrivance will pre
vent the bug from getting at the
meat to deposit its eggs, and it will
at the same time admit the air. The
bottom or one side of .the frame
should be fixed on hinges for con
venience in getting the bacon as
wanted.
As the bacon bug comes out in
March or April, it will be. necessary
to get the meat smoked and enclosed
under the canvas before the bug gets
out of its winter quarters. A great
many hams may be thus kept with
perfect immunity from the bug as
long as desirable, and will remain
sweet and nice.
And now to recapitulate : To have
good bacon we must start with the
pig and feed for musole and flesh,
and not alone for fat.
Spring pigs make the cheapest
pork.
Very large hogs are not the best
for first-class bacon.
Always cure pork with dry salt,
never in brine.
From four to six weeks is long
enough to lay in salt.
Smoke a bright gingerbread color
with oak or hickory wood.
To prevent the "skipper," smoke
early and afterward enclose the meat
around with thin cloth stretched on
frames.
The meat-house, if cool and dry, is
the best place for keeping the bacon
during summer and fall.
The Poultry Yard.
THE FARM POULTRY.
Correspondence of The Progressive Farmer.
Although many make a specialty
of poultry, and devote their time ex
clusively to the birds, I feel con
vinced that the farm is the proper
place for poultry raising, and that
more can be accomplished in this
way than on poultry places where
nothing else is attempted. The lat
ter is like putting all your eggs in
one basket, while the former is like
throwing a sheet anchor to the wind
ward for a violent gale. Some day
the poultry will fail us, and then if
we are depending upon them exclu
sively we become bankrupt. But
the farmer who raises enough food
for his own table, has a few pigs for
market, a few cows for milk and but
ter, and a horse to do general work,
with hay and corn to feed him on, is
not totally lost when a bad season
for poultry comes. He can weather
the storm, and if he owns his own
farm he is not likely to abandon the
work simply because one season has
proved disastrous.
More than this, the farm seems to
be the natural place for the poultry
because every crop we raise con
tributes directly or indirectly to their
support. You cannot rai.-e corn or
hay for the cattle or horses without
producing a largo amount of waste
product which the hens alone can eat
and profit thereby. The seeds of the
grass, the waste of the corn field,
and the broken heads of wheat and
oats are all appreciated by the hens.
The milk which the cows give also
provide food for the poultry. The
sour.vmilk or the butter milk mixed
wit 'Dread crumbs and scraps from
the table are excellent for the chick
ens. The cows thus furnish distinct
food for the poultry that would other
wir e be wasted.
Then again the orchard and the
garden furnish illimitable supplies
for the poultry, and mostly in the
form of waste products ; that is, all
tho waste parts of fruits and vege
tables can be fed to the fowls in one
form or another. I have yet to find
anything from garden or orchard
that cannot be fed profitably to the
chickens either in the green natural
form or cooked and mixed with other
foods. Fruits and vegetables are
sure to attract worms, bugs and in
sects, all of which the poultry need
and relish. None or very few of
these things can be raised on the
poultry farm that is distinct from a
farm, and is intended for poultry
alone. The farm is the place for the
poultry, and one possessing such a
plant is in a fair way to increase the
profits on poultry much better than
another who starts in with a poultry
plant built primarily for this and no
other purpose.
Annie C. Webster.
feeding.
It is very doubtful, in my estinia
mation, whether a better food for
chicks as well as for older fowls
could be found than whole wheat.
And it is comparatively a cheap
food, too, so long as we can get best
quality at about seventy-five cents a
bushel, and second grade at from
fifty to sixty cents a bushel. Some
times I have wheat almost an exclu
sive ration for . young chicks for
weeks at a time, besides what seeds,
bugs, worms and green stuff they
could pick up on a free range, and I
have always been pleased with the
returns. Chicks fed on whole wheat
grow quite fast. This spring I have
not had the wheat to feed, and my
hens did only moderately well inlay
ing. For a few weeks now I began
feeding wheat again, both to the
young and the older stock, and hardly
had I begun this when the little
chicks began making a much more
rapid growth ; and how the hens do
shell out the eggs !
A certain "Stock Food Co." writes
a private letter, saying that "we
have the best stock food on the mar
ket, and are about to add a poultry
food to our line, and, of course, it
must be the best, also. Send us the
formula for what you believe to be
the best poultry food, and we will
send, express prepaid, a pound pack
age of our celebrated X stock food.
To the one sending the best formula
we will give $5 in gold." I have not
much use for these various patented
preparations sold in one to ten iound
packages' at a high rate. There is
nothing mysterious about stock feed
ing. It will be very hard to find a
better single food for poultry than
good whole wheat, with occasional
changes to oats, corn or other grains.
We have to supply certain elements
in certain proportions, in order to
supply perfect nutrition. The pat
ented "poultry foods" are not prop
erly foods, but belong to the cate
gory of condition powders. I am
not spending much money for them.
T. Greiner, in Farm and Fireside.
Live Stock.
PURE BRED AND GRADED STOCK.
Correspondence of The Progressive Farmer.
While there maybe a difference of
opinion as to whether the average
farmer should raise pure bred stock,
I do not believe any intelligent
ower of stock has any doubt about
sticking at least to good graded ani
mals. There are cases where it
would hardly pay a farmer to stick
exclusively to pure bred stock. I
doubt if in the majority of cases it
would prove profitable. But by con
stantly grading up the herd or flock
by the use of pure sires we come as
near pure bred animals as the condi
tions in most cases warrant. This is
a policy that no one can neglect or
contradict. If a man sticks to it he
is bound to have stock that will in
nearly every respect meet the de
mands of the day.
There are those who believe that
the average farmer should raise only
pure bred stock, and thvy fortify
their position with arguments that
are xretty strong. For instance pure
bred cattle will sell higher in nearly
every market, and even the beef
that comes from pure bred cattle
commands an extra premium. This
of itself is a strong argument for
the pure blooded animals. But there is
avast difference between scrubs and
pure bred stock, and usually the
! comparisons of prices are made be
tween these two extremes. A well
graded herd of cattle v ill sell nearly
as well in any market as the pure
blood, and when the beef is offered
for sale a good deal of it will pass as
thai from pure bred cattle. There is
of course all the difference in the
world
between different
graded
herds. One man will consider that
he is grading ux his herd if he in
troduces a full-blooded sire once in
every two or three years, while an
other will mean by graded stock tht
which has been raised directly from
pure bred sires. The breeding to
such sires must be constant and not
occasional and spasmodic. If this is
done there is little reason for any to
imagine that there is anything of
the scrub in tho cattle, sheep or
swine. The tendency of course is to
start in all right, and after a few
years of successful grading to fali
back into old ways. When the ani
mals have reached a point where
they seem as good as any in the
market, it is very natural to think
that you can fall back upon some
second rate sire for a season, and
thus save a little money. But this
backward step is always fatal, and
may do more harm in one year than
can be rectified in four years of care
ful grading again. E. P. Smith.
Men can be cured privately and pos
itively at home of all weakness and
disease. Write for new free book.
Dr. J. N. Hathaway, 22 AC South
Broad St., Atlanta, Ga.
Tho cf Feed
Hisy bo rrcsUr reduced bv doine rocr
wb frlndm?, espacimliyjf yea uae a
ST1R
KTtu mill wiih the ikon iwcep). It
vr chokes. Grinds ar corn, dry.
'Ik A rptrm. Grinds al) kioda of
i, rly or mind. W auks
2P)
CHANGING MARKET DEMANDS.
Correspondence of The Progressive Farmer.
One of the most difficult things the
farmer and breeder of cattle has to
face is the changing demand of mar
kets. Buyers are constantly chang
ing their demands, and one class of
animals will be popular a few seasons
and then another will come into
fashion. In order to make the busi
ness successful the producter must
keep abreast of the times and even
anticipate these marked changes.
This, I say, is difficult, and something
that often tries the patience and
courage severely. Nevertheless it is
something that we must grasp and
solve.
Probably the live stock market
changes in its wants fully as much
as any branch of farming, and the.
changes are so constant and imper
ceptible that it is all the more diffi
cult to keep up with them. If it
was definitely announced that such
and such changes, no matter how
radical, would take place next season
we 'would be much better able to
adapt our work to them. But no
such announcement can be made,
and it is only the sharp, wide-awake
man who sees the coming change
early and changes his business ac
cordingly. When the heavy, lard
making hogs were in active demand
a few years ago they brought better
prices than the lighter and leaner
weights. Then there was a change.
The public wanted lean hogs, and
those who first changed their breed
ing and fattening methods to meet
this new demand made the most
money. Bacon hogs are the fashion
today, and the breeder must devote
himself to producing tho finest there
is to be obtained. Canadians have
long made a specialty of bacon hogs,
and they have for years secured the
cream of the trade.
Our sheep have undergone similar
changes. At one time it was fine
wool sheep, then wool and mutton
sheep that payed. Finally we turned
to all mutton sheep, and then to the
breeds that would yield the best
spring lambs. Just now there is an
indication that medium grade wools
will be in special demand, and it may
be that this will mean another
change. These changes in the mar
kets can be traced through the whole
history of other live stock poultry,
horses and cattle. We need to be on
the alert and see which way the mar
kets are moving. When they drift
in one direction it is wise to prepare
for it and look out for a new demand
that will decide the profit and loss
for many a breeder.
W. E. Edwards.
Contentment is happiness. A quiet
mind makes one richer than a crown.
Thomas Nelson Page.
Horse Owners Should UsQ
G02IBATTIr'S
The Great French Veterinary Remedy.
A SAFE, SPEEDY AUD
nieiTivc mine
Prepared
by J. E.
Gombanlt
Sur
geon to the
French
Stud
SUPERSEDES ALL CAUTERY OR FIRING
Impossible to produce any scar or blemish. The
safest best Blister over used. Takes the ilace
ot'aH liniments for mild or severe action. Removes
e!l Bunches or Blemishes from Horses or Cattle.
As a HUMAN REMEDY for Rheumatism.
Sprains, Sore Throat, Etc., it is invaluable.
WE GUABAI3TEE &ffix$$2SS!8&
produce more actual results than a whole bottle of
any liniment or spavin core mixture ever made.
Every bottle of Caustic Balsam sold is Warran
ted to give satisfaction. Price $ 1 .50 per bottle. Sold
by d rucstrists. or sent by express, charges paid, with full
directions for its use. Send for descriptive circulars,
testimonials, etc. Address
THE LA WTiENCE-WILLIAMS CO., Cleveland. Ohio
ITEM'S ggy.y.s.g.'WM. -'-J.i" .'"; "'jyyy
ITtus Priceless Secret of SnceeM with Pool try Is
tally tokl in oar Mew Poultry Book which ia rent
X.k.JItm aa a rreznmm with our t'ooiwy lopr s
too to ii oenta. AOdrea, vr. X to, umtosmue, Job.
200-Egg Incubator
for SI2.00
Perfect in construction and
action. Hatches every fertile
egfr. w rue ror catalogue to-day.
fatu. n. ol AnL, yuincy. III.
E LAMBS FOR SALE.
-o-
I have a few half-bred Merino ram lambs for
sale, also one half-bred Dorset Horned ram
lamb. These lambs are from registered sires
of the finest strains in America and would give
highly improved sheep if bred to native ewes.
J. M. TEMPLETON,
CAEY, N. C.
n7 n
A & Crown byu ir J- p
Aroostook Co . AA a. i ri eT.
liii -"' Purity Guaranteed t .-.J
Hen r.v? ElwellG Co.VW
GO
ELL1700D
58MOI
ii
Ellwood Standard Style.
AM ECI CAN STEEL t WIRE
Star
Iq. I, $25.00; : Ho. 2,
ffiMlHHfflffi,
J V ''i4 If I
arnwi. r.i . j : i m .--
jggr- WRITE FOIt CIRCULARS.
o
SECOND-HARD DICCIG ADD TIES I ftices oa Application
PSTn flSTO 500 bushels Virginia winter oats at i ess
OLlU UAlui 'TfIAN' SEEDSMEN'S PRICES
T. B. PAI-KER, STATE BUSINESS AGENT,
HILLSBORO, N. C.
Grape Vines
Descriptive and Price List free.
Currants, Gooseberries and other Small
Km it Plants. Extra quality. Warranted true.
T. S. HUBBARD CO., PREDONIA, N. Y.
1 Gan Sell Your Farm
or country property no matter where located. Send
description and selling price, and . learn my success
ful plan. W. M. Ostrander, 1215 Filbert St., Phila.,Pa.
no fJOriEY
Until you haw seen and tested our watch.
We sell at Factory Price at One-Half and
ln than what von have to cay elsewhere.
Our watches axe fitted with the unequalled
im. 17 Jeweled 8peelal Limited, or ? jewel
V Walfham or Elgin Hoement, known
?SStv the world over as the best, and
- WARRANTED 20 YEARS
$k$'?r-XT .3 engraving, extra 14 karat gold
$AW&SP7i W&& 4 PlSe: good eponfh for a railroad
Case is huntine.solid gold pattern
your address
watch C. O. D.
full examma-
expert and if
tisfactory and
offprprl far such
jT a price pay 15.75 and express charg
es, otherwise not one cen rnct
S J. 00 ehuin for next 30 days with every
v.atch. State If Ladies or Ger.ts watch is wanted. Write at once as
wo may not advertise this watch at this pne again. Catalogue free.
Excslsior Watch Co.. 318 Central Bank Eldg., Clacago.
HUNT'S CONSUMPTION
AND
BRONCHITIS CURE.
Cures when all else fails. Write
for testimonials Yvhich prove the
truth of this statement. This
wonderful remedy is prex?ared by
Rev. George E. Hunt, Lexington,
N. C. Priee, 50? per bottle. For
sale by all druggists.
FARMS
Bought, Sold and Leased.
:: TENANTS WANTED ::
Mm Real Estate Co., ' fToTT
Really Now
4r4 4,4
Aren't -2 issuos of such a Jour-
4lr nl TUP lRn('PPftITVT,'
f FARMER worth ONE DOLLAR
A X of any man's money? :: :: ::
4
IT'S NO USE 10 CRY
;ut agratnet Trust" and keep patronizing them.
Better buy Pate Wire not made by a Trust.
L. B. fcOBE&TsoN, Receiver,
PACK WOVEN WII1K KSCKtO., ADRIAN, MICH.
WE AC3NTS
At every postoffice in North Car
olina, South Carolina, Virginia,
Tennessee and other States to
solicit subscriptions, privately
or at public meetings, in season
and out of season.
Work for Premiums or for
Cash Commission. Agent must
himself be a subscriber. If in
terested, write for terms. Ad
dress :
The Progressive Farmer,
Raleigh, N. C.
NATIONAL FARMERS' ALLIANCE.
President J.C.Wilborn.Old Point,
S. C.
Vice-President--P. H. -Rahilley,
Lake City, Minn. "
Secretary-Treasurer A. B. Welch,
Victor, N. Y.
LECTURERS.
J. P. Sossamon, Charlotte, N. C.
J. C. Hanley, St. Paul, Minn.
t
t'JiKi! I..- M'JtCfVV if net 60 dajst Send
(tVi7J.i. ft vi-V.jM'-w'.iVDresKJens. opeciai
.'t
Vyj yKSK- VJrTM and we will sand
B&UKiSSHJes with privilesra of
WJV'tV 'on- Call in any
wire races.
Sis rtylea, all heights, for every fpn
purpose on rarm9.Banches,0rehardV,4
Strong, Humane, Cheap, DaraMet
FULLY GUARANTEED.
W TT tl I -1 i n.
iiortviijr uaivuiju uoec tieei wires r
have agents everywhere. ELLw'nnn
FENCES are easy to get, easy to pay for
easy to put up. If you cannot find n
CO.. Chloaso or New v-
. 'vir. n
5
Pea Hiillep
Guaranteed
Capacity;
Binhels per Hour
No. I, .13 tj ii,
Ho. 1 20 ti !,
h 1 75 !! ;!t,
$35.00; : No. 3, $125.00.
No Smoke TTonsn. SmnV.
KRAUSERS' LIQUID EXTRACT OF SMOKE
Made from hickory wood. Gives delicioos fUvo'r
Cheaper, cleaner than old way. 8f-nd f or Hr
cular. E. Krunser & Bro., .Milton, p
a
Fertile Soil
is no more necessary to the Farmer tian
k -n.uci user.
Good Seed
In the Advertiser's vocabulary means
Properly Prepared Advertisments.
A Good Planfer
pnts the seed where It will grow; PtO
erly Selected Mediums place your ais
among people interested in your goods.
Careful Cultivation
on the part of the Farmer Is necessary
if he is to reap a good crop. The same
careful cultivation of inquiries by an
intelligent "Follow-up Sy&tom" will
often develop a crop of orders that
would otherwise never have reached
maturity.
We are pleased at all times to discuss
advertising matters with you.
Ma.Kir Advertising Company
2 GO Monroe Street
1
CLUB RATES.
Nowadays papers are so cheap that
nearly everybody can afford to take
two or more. We have arranged a
list of some of the best in the land and
can furnish them in connection with
The Progressive Farmer at a lower
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ly. Here is the list, The price in
the parenthesis is the regular sub
scription price of the paper and the
other figures are what we charge for
the paper with The Progressive
Farmer both one year. Renewals fcr
the other xipers cannot be taken at
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ers can. You can renew for onr pi
per and get the club rates :
The Progressive Farjikk alone...
Twire-u-Week Detroit Free l'ress
(Family). (I . '-
Weekly Frncticai' Farmt'r (Fs: rm ) (!') J,'J
Thriee-aWeek New York World ,,,,,,
(New?) '
Arlantii Weekly Constitution (Fain-
ily) .". (!") h
Louisville twice-a-week Courier Jour
nal (News) (x)
Twice-a -Month Home 'and Farm ,.,,,,
il'artrn (J 1
Semi Monthly Farm and l'irc:-ide
(Farm)
(.V) i.
Monthly Woman's Home CoiMpan- (g
ion (Magazine) m 0
Weekly Farmers' Voice (Farm; l-"
Monthly American Queen (Wo- ... jj)
man's work and Fashions)
Weekly Hoard's Dairyman (Dairy- ,
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We shall be glad to quote you clnj
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per write us. If you want the
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scription our responsibility
Failure to receive magazine ori
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Address all orders to
gressive Fanner, Kaleigfi.
to
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a
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