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J ! :I 1 1 : " 1 tl OH 4MJU Published Weekly at Raleigh, N. C. Mrs. Li. L. Polk, - - Proprietor Clarence H. Poe - - Editor. Benjamin Irby, ) Corresponding Frank E.Emery, ( Editors. J. W. Denmark, Business Manager. SUBSCRIPTION Single Subscription One Year. . .$1.00 "Six Months. . . .50 4 " Three Months, .25 " 4The Industrial and Education ll Interests of our People Para mount TO ALL OTFIEIi CONSIDERATIONS of State Policy,' is the motto of The Progressive Farmer, and upon this platform it shall rise or fall . Serving qo master, ruled by no faction, cir aumscribed by no selfish or narrow policy, its aim will be to foster and promote the best interests of the hole people of the State. It will be true to the instincts, traditions and History of the Anglo-Saxon race. On 11 matters relating specially to the jreat interests it represents, it will peak with no uncertain voice, but will fearlessly the right defend and Impartially the wrong condemn." From Col. Polk's Salutatory, Feb. 10. 1886 When sending your renewal, be sure to give xactly the name on label and postofflce to rhlch the copy ot paper you receive is sent. We invite correspondence, news items, sug gestions and criticisms on the subjects of agri culture, poultry raising, stock breeding, dairy ing, horticulture and garding; woman's work, literature, or any subject of interest to our lady readers, voung people, or the family generally; Bubllc matters, current events, political ques onsand principles, etc., in short, any subject discussed in an all-round farm and family news paper. Communications should" be free irorn personalities and party abuse. Address ail business correspondence to and make money orders payable u"The Progres sive Farmer, Raleigh. N. C," and not to any ndivtdual connected with the paper. DIS(X)NTINUANCES Responsible subscnb- willnnntlnna trt rpi'pivft this loumal until the puolishers are notified by letter to di scon- unue, wnen an arrearages must, ue pm. n u lo not wish the journal continued for another fear after your subscription has expired, you ihould then notify us to discontinue it. Editorial. NO TAEIFF TO PROTECT TRUSTS. The new steel trust is capit alized at eleven hundred million dollars Were every man, woman and child within the borders of North Carolina regard less of race, color or creed, to con $500 each to a fund, the amount so raised would not bo large enough to buy out this one trust. Does such a trust need a "protective'' tariff? We belieye that the time has come when common sense and common fairness demand that so far as trust ruailo goods are concerned, the doors ot commerce be thrown wide open to the world. THE TRUST PROBLEM. For several days now there have been rumors of a gigantic railroad combination. All the facts have not leaked out at this writing, but it ap pears that an amalgamation of 4 of the country's greatest railways inclu ding the Southern system, has about been effected. And this, it is report ed with such persistency as to make us behove it no idle rumor, is but the beginning of a great movement "looking to the combination of all the great railway systems of the Uni ted States under the control of one company." A New York dispatch, sixth, says : "It was said to day that the com pany would be formed under the laws of New Jersey for the purpose of conducting a general freight and transportation business throughout the United States that the company would hUl a controlling interest in all of the great railway systems, and that the management of the road would be vt ste I in the controlling company. According to the propo sition each road would preserve its identity an 1 corporate existence, but I the new company would control the j affairs of all." j The magnitude of such a combina- j tiun, tin immense power it would i e.vrt, s,ta-gT the imagination "It is i a Cv -n il' ioyi, rot a theory, that e -n-j frt nts u-,' and it seems that tie! tiri." s. ..t hand when the pe-! pie of v UioU-d State- must ix up I on s hr.it . r; r regulating or a'.iiii,; ;.it;n ?ruts or eh-e surr. n- ! d(.o- Mvy i TA t - t!.:r h;.n;s : Ar.:l it i'i -y e ai i iti this e run c tion !.h it t'.e apn intoient -r Philan der C Kn x, v. h t ha- gained pr-.mi- 1 nen-:-e a an :;tTtrn'y fr lrtiM, as ; Attorney (iener:.! of the United' States i ?i t calculated to increase, connbnee in antitrust utterances', emanating from Washington The remedy lies in education. Wo Want no wild cat schemes, no dema woguery. Wit the conservative peo ple' of the country must evolve some scheme that will protect the inter ests of the people and at the same time give justice to capital. THE SIZE OF THE COTTON CROP. Commissioner Patterson says fer tilizer sales in North Carolina this season are 30 per cent, greater than sales last year. This indicates con siderably increased cotton acreage, we suppose. This is to be regreted. The i)roduction of every bale in ex cess of the number needed for con sumption is a positive loss to the farmers of the South. What hap pens when there is an over-supply? Simply this : the buyers know that practically all the cotton must be sold, whether the price be 5 or 10 cents. Whatever the price, enough will b3 sold to meet all demands. And so it is that not only are the figures given below correct but as a rule crops of the size mentioned have been sold for just about the sums mentioned. And here are the figures, to which the Raleigh Post calls our attention : "A crop of 11,000,000 bales at 5 cents means $275,000,000. "A crop of 10,000,000 bales at 6 cents means $300,000,000. "A crop of 9,000,000 bales at 7 cents means $315,000,000. "A crop of 8,000,000 bales at 10 cents means $ 100,00 J,000." THIS WEEK'S PAPER. Cow peas? Yes, that subject is again discussed on page 1. Much has been said upon it, 'tis true, but its importance is such that much more can be said with profit to all concerned. And so we think that you will find Mr. J. B. Hunnicutt's article helpful. Following it will be found an article on "The BUck Grain Weevil." Many farmers, we are sure, will thank Mr. Sherman lor it. Mr. W. E. Edwards, a prominent corn grower in the great corn fcstate of Illinois, contributes some hints just as applicable to Southern as to -N or them conditions. Capt. B. F. White aptly sums up his philosophy in this paragraph : "The farmers in all this section should raise more clover, grass, and peas, save more provender, keep more cows, raise more pork, make more manure, cultivate what land we work better, and let what land we cannot work grow up in old field pines and cedar." Mr. C. T. Perry, of Franklin county, sends a short newsy farm letter. We should like to have one such from every county in the State each week this season. The reader of this paragraph will please con sider himself invited to send us such farming news from his county. Harry Farmer, always entertaining, gives us "a peep at the books," from which we learn the secret of pros perity on the farm. It will do you good to study these accounts. Tliere are also a number of helpful articles on page 8. And the advertisements do you read them? We make it a point to accept none but reliable ads and wo want you to patronize those whose ads. we accept, because we believe they are reliable and that it will puy you to do business with them. You have never read a copy of The Pro gressive Farmer properly untii you have looked over the advertisements. Nor are you living up to your oppor tunities in this day of railroads and postoiliees if you invariably accept the brand of seeds, farm implements, etc , purchased by your merchant, making no effort on your part to learn the merits of other brands. Send for catalogues, und, when you can save money, order direct from manufacturer and put the middle man's profits into your own pocket. Pages 4 and 5 contain some ar ticles that we think are worth read ing. For instance, a great many young men, we are glad to say, read The Progressive Farmer we like to h ive them read it, write for it, and spe.tk a good word for it. But we started out to say that the article whi.di heads column 3, page 5, cn t iins some ugge-tiois that many o' thvn will do well to heed l'erhai- the same is true of "The Tragedy or j City Life," page 4. j A No the ladies who read The Pro- j ;:ieive Farmer their nam.; i j legion iiiis t inie hints worm 1 .vir,;o, in What the Plant Doctor j Said " Pa ires 0 and 7 are not just its we would like to nave them. Now that that the Legislature has adjourned and the Oourt of Impeachment is alo a thing of the past, we should iiko to have these pages filled with letters on the topics of the day. There are m tny interesting ques tion: ' organization of farmers, im provement of our public schools, tru-ts, expansion, good roads, etc. We hall be glad to have your views upon these or any other questions of public importance. The Progressive Farmer, April 9, 1901. i NORTH CAROLINA'S SCHOOLS. The Mt. Olive Advertiser says : "There are ten times as many il literate white people in. a thousand, in North Carolina, as in either New York, New Jersey or Pennsylvania. How can a man who claims to be proud of being a Tar Heel, decline to labor for better educational facili ties?" Just such facts as these must be continually impressed upon our peo ple until they take North Carolina from its present position in the rear of the educational column. Nor is it enough thut the Legislature make liberal appropriations. The people must themselves work ; they must see that the children attend the schools and that those in authority perform their duties faithfully there is work for all. CREAMERIES IN MINNESOTA. From a reliable contemporary we get these facts regarding the cream ery business in Minnesota : "Minnesota has 700 creameries, which receive the milk of 380,000 cows, from 54,000 patrons, and make therefrom a butter product of 61, 000,000 pounds, of which 48,000,000 pounds are shipped to Eastern mar kets and sold as extras, much of it at one to two cents above the highest market quotations. These 700 cream eries, representing a capital of $2, 800,000, handle 1,350,000,000 pounds of milk per annum, and after expend ing $1,100,000 in the cost of manu facture, make a product from which they realize $10,450,000, of which $S,400,000 net is returned to the 50, 000 patrons in payment of the butter fat taken from the milk." And yet, only last year a member of The Progressive Farmer staff, backed up by just such facts, spent almost a month in the vain endeavor to get the dairy farmers of one of cur most progressive communities to establish one such co-operative creamery. We have great advanta ges as a dairy section, but we can never reap substantial profits until we adopt up-to date methods. If there be a deficit in the revenue raised by the new law why should it necessarily fall on the free school fund? Have the other objects, of the State's love and care any stronger claim on the lull appropriation than the free schools? We do not see why they should not stand or fall togeth er. Charity and Children. SOME MAGAZINE ARTICLES. The April Scribner's contains a very valuable paper on "The South ern Mountaineer" by John Fox, Jr., of Kentucky. Why is the Southern mountaineer so different from his brother in the lower land? Why did the mountaineer fight for the Union while other Southerners were en deavoring to establish the Confeder acy? Why is the Southern mountain section Republican while all other sections of the South are Democrat ic? These and many other equally interesting questions are answered by Mr. Fox. In the same issue of Scribner's is Walter A. WyckolY's "A Day with a Tramp." Truth, it is said, isstrar ger than fiction ; in this case at least, it is also more pleasing more delicately romantic. 44 A Day With a Tramp" is a line piece of work. Mr. J. W. Builey, editor of the Biblical Recorder, contributes to the April Forum an able paper upon the political phase of the Southern race problem, entitled 44The Case for the South." Mr. Bailey argues that tho South must must be left to work out its own salvation We shall refer to his article again. An article dealing with problems akin to those discussed by Mr. Bail ey is that by ex-Gov. D. II. Cham berlain, of S outh Carolina, in the curr( nt issue of the Atlantic Month ly. Mr. Chamberhm talks on ''South Carolina During If eeon-tr action Days, " While tho picture is a dark one there is e i deuce to show that, it is in no re-oect overdrawn Mr Oham-h'-rh;!! kv.ous where .f ho s peaks, for l.o, having --orved in the IT nion I o-fiir, sett Yd in S-mth Carolina just after the war and hecame prominent n the R; ; uhluan arty, lb? was dected Governor, and in this posi tion, as before, souu-ht to counteract "be influence of the venal and reck less element of his party. M . Cham 'vrlain leaves no (me in doubt as to his belief that unrestricted negro suffrage was a criminal blunder, and his picture of South Carolina poli ties during carpet bag days, with the wanton extravagance and corruption of those in autlioiity, is one that will make an impression upon the North ern mind. SOJA BEANS A RENOVATOR AND FOR AGE CROP COMBINED. As many of our readers have never grown this wonderful crop, we wish tc call their attention to it in time, in order to induce them to plant this year. Don't put off until next year, but buy a few seed this year anyway. Any farmer in the State will be richly rewarded by planting one acre at least. The soja bean belongs to tho fam ily of legumes and ranks among the best of the renovator. It grows up right like cotton and has a long tap root that goes deep into the ground, pumping up plant food from the sub soil. The leaves are broad and thick, covering the ground with a dense shade during the hot weather, a con dition of itself conducive to nitrifi cation. There is a peculiar bacteria growth in the form of nodules, or tubercles, that develops on the roots of the soja bean. These no dules are colonies consisting of myriads of little creatures that are engaged in fixing the nitrogen in the soil from the nitrogen of the air. Of course, the air must circulate through the soil, hence the importance of a loose, porous soil. The beans grow better when the bacteria are abundant than other wise. If they do not form on the crop, it would be best to inoculate the soil with this form of baoteria. and it can be easily done by getting soil from the land on which a good crop grew the previous year, say one gallon to the bushel of seeds. Put the soil with the seeds and add some water ; stir this thoroughly, then allow to dry. Enough bacteria will stick to each seed to start a colony the next year. In getting soil, be careful to get that from around the roots of the previous crop. This process is not necessary in every case, and only need be resorted to when the crop makes a poor, sickly growth on reasonably good land. Now as to planting, culture and harvesting these are easy. Plant in the spring when danger of frost is over. If for seed, sow in rows three feet apart and thin out to about 8 inches in the drill. Sow about one gallon per acre with the corn planter, planting from one to two inches deep. Plant on level and cultivate on level. Use one horse cultivator and cultivate every week or ten days until the beans are 18 inches high. Cut for seed when the pods are turn ing yellow. Cut them down with a short grass blade and allow to lie one day at least before piling in cocks, or hauling to the barn. If they are spread out on a close barn floor, say one or two feet deep, and allowed to dry, the beans can be threshed out very easily with a flail. If tho crop is planted for hay, then the rows should be not over 2 feet apart and the plants thinned out to an average of 6 inches in the drill. They should be worked on a level, as this method allows the use of a mowing machine in harvesting. When raised for seed, the stalks should be large, but when raised for hay, it is betterto have the stalk small and tender. They can be planted with a wheat drill and treated as any other hay crop, but this method can be profitably employed only in rich land. If the crop is cut by hand the short, grass blade should be used. Cut just as the pods form good, and some yellow leaves appear at the bottom of the plant. It is very imxortant to cut when dry, or after the dew is off. It is the outside moisture that injures more than the sap. Cut down one day and pile up in cocks the next day after the dew is off, being care ful to xut the butt ends to the mid dle. Put about 300 pounds in a cock and cover with hay caps. If there are no hay caps on hand, dress off with crab grass. Thus the rain water will be prevented from run ning down into the pile through the crown. Let the hay remain thus ror ten davs or tvo weeks ani it will then he ready for the barn. Examine three days al ter the piles are made to see whether the hay is heating, if o remove the top," taking off about one u n hi L.if iia . aiiowsiiLr Tneiii o illo- th. to get sunshine and air, then replace this just before the dew falls. If the seeds were sowed broadcast, or with a grain drill, cut with a mowing machine and allow to lie on tho ground one day, raking up in wind rows the next, and heaping in piles, or cocks the v next ; being care ful not to work with them while wet with dew. If the weather is very hot and dry, the leaves may shatter, necessitating handling only just after the dew is off, while they are pliant, yet not wet. The quality of the hay ranks very high, and in addition to its feeding value, it will renovate the land won derfully. Plant just after danger of frost and be sure to plant this year, and you will be sure to enlarge next year. The A. & M. College has no seed for sale, but seed are advertised for sale in The Progressive Farmer. B. I. A SUGGESTION. In making selections of books for the rural libraries now being started in so many places, we trust that in every instance a few standard agri cultural works, such as Prof. L. H. Bailey's "Principles of Agriculture," for instance, will be ordered. Such books, teaching the fundamental, underlying principles of agriculture, should be in every farm home. No better books could be placed in the rural school libraries. NOTES FROM PROF. EMERY. Corresponding Editor Emery, who, as our readers know, is now on his way to China and the Philippines on behalf of the United States Depart ment of Agriculture, sends us these notes from San Francisco, March 30. Our readers will hear from him occa sionally until his return. In his letter just received, he says : "After leaving Raleigh early Mon day morning, March 18th, my jour ney was interrupted by a few days' stop at Washington, D. C, to receive instructions from the Chief of the Dairy Division and legal authoriza tion papers from Dr. Salmon and Secretary Wilson. Again in Chicago some business needed attention. It was on Monday, 25th inst., that my train pulled out on Chicago and Northwestern Railroad just in season to meet the east-bound mails and to chase into Ogden, Utah, those de layed by the great snow blockade in Nebraska. The snows continued in squalls all the way here, but only in sufficient amount to successfully lay the dust usual to the travel across Utah and Nevada. "The recent snows of Nevada and adjacent territory with warm sun seems to be hailed as an augury of good crops this season for the reason that the too dry ground has by this means been soaked enough to insure grass and other crops. 4On this end of my journey across the country I have not time to make any extended remarks. In a little railroad slip, 4 California in, Minia ture,' I found this quotation: Deut. VIII, 7, 8 and 9. The run from the upper part of Placer county to Sacra mento and the green hills surround ing the level plain theme to Beinicia, where we get our first glimpse of the Golden Gate seems to bear out the idea that this is indeed the Promised Land. But we have been two days in the desert and spring has just put on her loveliest forms, hence I do not mean to have it understood or even hinted that I am putting forth any counter claims against the re cently discovered location of the Garden of Eden near Charleston !" EDITORIAL NOTES. The high winds of the spring sea son and the frequent fires call atten tion to the value of fire insurance. If it is good policy for townspeople, it is equally good policy for farmers. The companies managed by the far mers themselves, giving insurance at cost, ought to be supported by all. The Progressive Farmer is read by a large number of thoughtful farm ers outside of North Carolina. To them we commend the school li brary idea regarding which we have had much to say of late. It's a movement that ought to spread be yond the borders of this State. Our free delivery articles are applicable throughout the South. If you want rural free delivery, ask for it. Every school in Durham county will have a library. The new law ives State aid to only six in each county, but the Durham people have become impressed with the import ance of the idea, and by individual subscriptions a library will be estab lished in connection with each and pvry sebool. Thus has progressive Durham set a good example for her sister counties. Thus far schools in twelve counties have made application for State aid in the establishment of libraries. Among the counties from which ap plications have been received are Onslow, Warren, Orange, Durham, Iredell, Mecklenburg and Bladen. Have you, dear reader, made an ef fort to get a library for your school? V e like for the Progressive Farmer readers to get their share of all the good things ; hence our frequent ref erences to rural libraries and rural free delivery. The Thinkers. LEGALIZING POLYGAMY It is not possible to legalize p0iv TTi.l. 11 - ''h- amy in Utah, since the Const i r$ 4Vl Ck Rf". 4-Ck f-1rT-l Vki fa 4- V . . possible to frame a law which practically prevent all prosecution for polygamy, and this was don, the law passed by the Legislature 0f the State. It provided tliHt no pr,)Se cution for adultery should be 0r.m menced except on the comphtint 0j persons in the immediate families 0 the participants, and no pros(.cnno for unlawful cohabitation exvpt on complaint of the wife or alleged plural wife. Of course such a law practically prevent prosecui. n iD nearly every case. The defense 0f the act was that in most of the states adultery is not a criminal oft'ense The excuse for it was that it vas necessary to prevent prosecution 0f persous who had entered into plural marriages before the law had pro. hibited them ; but the act was not so framed as to confine its operation to such cases. The act was vetoed by the Governor, but chiefly on the ground that "its enactment would be the signal for a general demand for a constitutional amendment directed against certain social cou&i. tions here, which, under present eir. cumstances, would surely be com plied with." "Certain social condi tions here" is a euphonious phrase signifying polygamy. The bill is for the present defeated ; but its passage indicates the temper of the Legisla ture and of the Mormon Church, if not of the Mormon people ; and it ought to create the general demand which the Governor of Utah dreads. The people of the United States ought to add to the amendment for ever prohibiting slavery a similar one forever prohibiting polygamy in any State or Territory of the United States ; and they ought not to allovr this amendment to be entangled with or wait upon one attempting to regulate the perplexing subject of marriage and divorce. New York Outlook. NORTH CAROLINA ADVANCING. The North Carolina legislature has appropriated funds for the erection of a textile department at the Col lege of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts in Raleigh. It will be remem bered that about three years ago the necessity for a textile school in the State was strongly urged by the Wa tauga Club of Raleigh, and the pro ject was endorsed by the chamber of Commerce and Industry of that, city and by the Southern Cotton Spin ners' Association, and has been kept steadily to the fore. Leading n ana facturers generously responded to the opportunity to furnish machin ery to be used, upon the guarantee that the building should be erected. In passing this appropriation, which will be a great aid in carrying out the plans for lacing the textile de partment at the college upon a sub stantial and practical basis, the leg islature has done a good work for the young men of the State. It will enable many of them to prepare themselves for employment in the new mills now being erected, and its effects will undoubtedlv be seen in the next few year in an advance of the textile industry of North Cnr di na. Such appropriations are return ed to the State many times over in the increased earning capacity a its citizens. Manufacturer's Record. WHOM SHOULD OFFICERS SERVE Apropos of the trial of the Su preme Court Judges, who we are glad were not impeached, thn stand ard would like to ask three queti n : Would a Democratic Legislature have interfered with the -oflW f Shell Fish Commissioner and it? munificent salary, if it had 1 ,n a Democratic appointment? Would a Republican judiciary have revered the decision of the Legislature this important salary cae, if it been a Republican LetTi-Mure? Wonld a Democratic LegM -'ire have instituted the impeachipnt proceedings against Democratic judges with a Republican Governor to appoint their successors? Ami when these questions are an--.vered in the minds of honest men, the Standard propounds a fourth : I Jt not fitting that both parties should walk backward and throw the mantle of charity over the shame of a com mon sin? Some time before the m11" lenium we trust the idea will pre vail that an official is not the hire ling of a party but the servant oi the people. Presbyterian Standard. 1 f
The Progressive Farmer (Raleigh, N.C.)
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April 9, 1901, edition 1
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