North Carolina Newspapers

8 Live Stock and Dairy. WHEN THE COWS PAY. Correspondence of The Progressive Farmer. The differenoe between a paying and non-paying dairy cow is some times so apparently slight that it is not noticed by the average person. Here are two animals which look al most identical. Both are healthy, good eaters and good milkers. But one has a persistent tendency to yield just a little more milk per day than the other, and if anything it is a trifle richer in bntter fat. More over, careful observation shows that this cow keeps in milk a little longer than the other. Now, these points could not be noted without some at tempt at keeping accounts. The record of every animal on the farm should be kept daily, and in this way comparisons can be made. Now, Buppose one cow thus gives about a quart of milk a day more than an other, and extends the milking period over a much longer time every sea son. This differenoe added up and converted into dollars and cents would show at the end of the year that one animal paid a good profit, while the other barely paid expense. This condition of affairs is just what can be observed on many farms to-day. The dairymen may be ex perts in their line, and they may have brought the question of cost of feed ing down to the point where little further improvement can be made. Yet there is such a difference in the relative yield of the animals that the profits of one must be cut down in order to make up for the deficiencies of others. 80 extreme are these oases at times that there is a differ ence of one-half some years between the actual profits of two different dairy cows. The difference is due entirely to causes that can be rem edied. Granting that both are fed the same, and very satisfactorily and economically, the cause of the difference in the yield must be found in the cows themselves. One animal possesses the natural gift of yield ing plenty of rich milk, while an other does not, and in order to secare a good supply everything must be done to encourage her. The latter is a cow which should not be tolerated on the dairy farm longer than abso lutely necessary. The stock should be graded up to the standard of the first. A good plan is to take the best animal of the farm and try to make all the others her equal. There will naturally be some difference on every farm, but if the method is con tinued year by year of improving the stock up to the highest standard the profits must gradually increase. Too little attention is paid to keep ing accurate records of performances of dairy cows. This is just as essen tial as any other part of the work. It is the only successful way of finding out which cows pay and which do not. E. P. Smith. SOME IMPORTANT QUESTIONS. Prof. W. A. Henry, of the Wiscon sin Agricultural College, has pre pared a series of questions to be studied and answered by the stu dents, of which the following on feeds and feeding are a good illus tration. It would be a good practice for any farmer to see how many of these questions he could answer : Is buttermilk as useful as skim milk for feeding pigs? In addition to pasture, how much hay and grain is required to keep a cow a year? State the ration for a German cav alry horse. How many pounds of grain does it require for 100 pounds of gain with fattening lambs? How much more feed do fattening pigs require in winter than in sum mer? At what age is the dairy cow at her best? About how much gain do fattening lambs make per day? Hew can we tell new-process from old-process oil meal? Which will produce the most milk when fed to the dairy cows an acre of corn put in the shock, or an acre of corn put in the silo? Is wet feed as satisfactory for pigs as dry feed? At what time should corn be har vested to give the largest returns of nutriment? "What part of the gain made by fattening steers is fat? Do barrows fatten faster than sows? Does sweet skim milk cause pigs to gain faster in weight than sour skim milk? Is bran as good feed for fattening pigs'as middlings? How much grain will an acre of pasture put on steers in one season? Does soaked corn give better re turns than dry corn with steers? Describe how to make hay tea for calves? Is beef pulp a good stock feed? Does the cost of gain with fatten ing steers increase with the length of the fattening period? What were the results of the World '8 Fair test with dairy cows? Is millet huy a good feed for horses? State the maintenance food re quired by breeding ewes in winter. About what value have artichokes for feeding pigs? What effect does cotton seed meal have on butter fat? State the advantage of feeding bone meal to hogs living on corn. Is overripe crimson clover danger ous to horses? Is corn smut poisonous to dairy cattle? State the effects of age on the gains made by fattening steers. Does it pay to feed corn to steers while on pasture? What do calves weigh at birth? Is spontaneous combustion possible with clover hay? Does it pay to feed the condimental foods to stock? Are brewers grains a good feed for dairy cows? How much water does a cow drink in a day? What part of the nutrients of a corn crop are the stalks? Can cows be kept for several weeks on corn meal as the sole feed? SOME TRUTHS IN PIG FEEDING. The Maryland Fxpeximent Station publishes the following conclusions drawn from its pig feeding experi ments : 1. It was found that with some rations the gain on pigs could be pro duced as low as 2 cents per pound. 2. In all the tests where properly compounded rations were used pork was produced at a profit when the pigs were not allowed to become too old. 3. The cost of producing a pound of pork increases with the age of a Pig. 4. The aim should be to produce from 150 to 200 pound pigs at six to seven months old for the greatest profit. 5. Skim milk was found to have a feeding value for pigs equal to fully double the price charged at most of the creameries of the State. 6. Separator skim milk at cent per gallon and linseed and gluten meal at 115 per ton have about the same value for balancing rations for pig feed. SOFT COAL AND SALT FOR 8WINE. Too much soft coal and salt is in jurious to swine ; it makes bone weakness. It is like feeding sulphur when the animal gets wet ; they show lameness right away. Burnt coal ashes are better than the coal itself. A little once in a whiie is all right. Too much salt will hurt the swine also, as it makes the entrails rotten. Any one can see this when a hog is slaughtered. When so many white spots appear on the entrails too much salt is to blame. Always when you salt the hogs stir it in the slop. Wood ashes are excellent for swine. Always keep some before them. More swine die from improper feed ing than disease. Mrs. Lizzie Hol derly, McLean Co , 111. Friends of oleomargarine are fur nishing the strongest indictment against it. They claim that the in dustry woaldbe ruined by the Grout bill, although that bill actually re duces the tax on it, ex ept when col ored to imitate butter. It looks as thoagh it friends wanted lree fraud in dairv products. llorso Owners JSliouiici Uso GOMBAULT'S aysiic a' m BslIsslihh The Great French Veterinary Remedy. A SAFE, SPEEDY AND POSITIVE CURE. Prepared by J. E. Gomhaalt Sar- French tstud SUPERSEDES ALL CAUTERY OF FIRING Impossible to troduce any scar or blrni;h. Th eafest best Blister ever ased. Takes the vi.ve of nil liniment for mild or severe action. Remove all Bunches or Blemishes from liorees or Cattle. A a HUMAN REMEDY for Rheumatism, Sprains, Sore Throat, Etc.. it is invuiu&ole, 7t fillARAtlTFP at OD tablespoon fnl of IfC UUAnAUlEX CAUSTIC BALSAM will rrodnce more actual result than a whole bottle of feny liniment or spavin core mixture ever made. Every bottle of Caustic Balsam sold if Vgrrs.n tod to cive satisfaction. Price S 1 ,50 per bolt !e. SSoJd by druggiBtn. or sent by express, chartre paid, with f ull d irections for its oae. Hand for descriptive circulars, testimonials, etc. Addreea THE LA WHENCE-WILLIAMS CO. Cleveland. Chio Poultry and Bees. SUMMER BUILDING. Correspondence of The Progressive Farmer. This season of the year one has the best opportunity in the world to build model hen houses and to make preparations for housing more chick ens next winter. One of the great est drawbacks to the inexperienced in poultry raising is their inability to understand that to inorease the number of chickens even by a small number requires also extension in the yards and buildings. No young beginner deliberately goes into crowding the poultry into too small space. The danger of that is known, but gradually the poultry increases, and provisions have not been made to accommodate them, and before one hardly realizes it the proportion between the two is strained. Then comes all the trouble that generally follows in the wake of overcrowded yards and houses. Spring and summer are good build ing and planning times During the pleasant weather one can construct new houses for new colonies. It should be a part of the business to increase the number of flocks every year. Add at least one more flock or colony each winter, but do not increase the number in each colony. This means an extra poultry house, with running -yard and all the other equipments. That, however, is the only way that one can increase the profits. First make the two or three colonies pay. Then add to them more each season, conducting ex actly upon the plan found most profit able with the others. There should be improvement upon the new hen houses built this year, for surely experience, study and observation have taught us something new. We must have found some way of improving the winter quarters for the birds, or some more economical way of build ing. In running a large poultry farm economy of time and labor are important factors. Some times these are the most important, and they must be considered carefully in every move made. Therefore, when we plan for new model hen houses every simple device that will save either time or labor should be con sidered, and, if wise, adopted. Some times a very simple automatic feed ing device will save hundreds of hours of work in the winter season. Likewise, a proper ventilating de vice which will enable the owner to open or close a dozen doors at once will some times save the owner so much time and labor that he can dis pense almost with an extra hand. We must make a study of economy of time and labor in the poultry busi ness as never before, and a good deal of this will depend directly upon the plan of the yards and buildings. Annie C. Webster. THE CURIOUS PROBLEMS OF SWARMING. Swarming is apt to trouble the be ginner in bee-keeping, but, when the matter is properly managed, it is not very bothersome. This is the method adopted by the insects for multiplying their colonies, inasmuch as it is obvious that a given number of hives cannot indefinitely accom modate augmenting numbers. No body knows exactly what starts the bees to swarm, but suddenly an ex citement will seize the workers who happen to be at home, and they will rush forth, accompanied by the old queen. When a swarm is seen issu ing or in the air, it is best to wait a bit. Presently the bees will gather in a clump on a tree or bush, and it will be easy to shake them into a new hive, or into a basket, from which they may be poured out in front of the new hive like so many bean-. Bee? are usually in a peace able mood when swarming, but one should wear a veil as a precaution and use the smoker to qaeil them in case they show anger. Smoke is the bee-master's whip, and serves in stantly to cow the bees in case they at empt to rebel. All trouble about swarming may be avoided bp clipping one wing of the laying queen, so that when the bees swarm she cannot go with them, but may be caught at the en trance. Tne MWtttm will immediately return to the old home, where an empty hive must have been sub stituted for the original hive. Into this the swarm will enter. A beginner in bee-keeping cannot do better than obtain from the De partment of Agriculture its recent publications on that subject, written iy Mr. Frank Benton, one of the as sistant government entomologists. Rene Bache, in Saturday Evening Post. GBEAT EGG YIELD FBOH COW PEAS. During the past week, says South ern Planter, a subscriber called on us and in the course of conversation said : "I had a wonderful egg yield from my hens last winter, and I want to tell the farmers how I secured it. I had an acre or two of cow peas sowed near the buildings. In con sequence of scarceness of labor, I was unable to get all the peas gath ered in fact, a large part of them remained. I decided to let vines and peas die down on the land and lie there all winter. The hens soon found the peas and they literally lived on the patch until spring, and gave up eggs in quantity all the time." This report as to the value of cow peas as a winter feed is con firmed by a report from a gentleman in Maryland who followed the same plan. His hens harvested the peas from a plot of land last winter, with the result that he had eggs when none of his neighbors had any. We have before advised the feeding of cow peas to hens, as their richness in protein indicates that they should make eggs. If you have no cow peas, and even if you have the peas, we would advise the feeding along with them of wheat, oats, buckwheat and corn mixed for one feed per day with a hot mash in the morning dur ing cold weather. Cow peas may largely take the place of cut bone if you have them. Cut bone and meat scraps should, however, be fed twice a week. With such feeding, good, dry, warm houses and young, healthy flocks, eggs should be plentiful all through the winter that is, assum ing that you are keeping a good lay ing variety, suoh as Leghorns, Ply mouth Rocks or Wyandottes. We have found that crossbred hens the product, for instance, of a purebred Leghorn rooster on Plymouth Rock hens are better layers than the pure breed. Poultry Advocate. VALUABLE FABM BOOKS. Principles of Agriculture. By Prof. L. H. Bailey, of Cornell University. Handsomely illustrated. 300 pages. Price, $1.25. We really do not believe that the average North Carolina farmer can anywhere invest $1.25 to better ad vantage than by sending that amount to us for a copy of Prof. L. H. Bailey's "Principles of Agricul ture." This is a work which tells the "whys and wherefores" the principles of the "business" of farming. It is written by a man of great ability who knows his subject by long years of actual experience and scientific study. The farmer who secures a copy of this work and studies it during his spare moments this summer will not only find much pleasure thereby, but will find greater interest in his work, a broader view of his profession and the probability of making many more dollars as a result of his study. There are many books upon the market, but not for many years, we firmly believe, has one been issued which the average reader of this paper so badly needs. The work is handsomely bound, well illustrated, clearly printed and contains 300 pages. Send us $1.25 and get a copy. We guarantee satisfaction. A SPECIAL PRICE. We have now decided to send a copy of this valvable work and a year's subscription to The Progress ive Farmer to any address for only $2. This offer is made at a sacrifice in the hope of placing the work in the hands of more of the thousands who need it. Fertilizers. By Edward W. Voor hees, Professor of Agriculture in Rutger's College and Director of the New Jersey Experiment Sta tion ; 335 pages. Price, $1. Thousands of dollars are wasted every year on fertilizers unsuited to the land to which it is applied, which money might be saved to the farm ers by reading this book. We will also send a copy of "Fer tilizers," with The Progressive Far mer one year for $1.85. Or on the two books we make this Special Offer : We will send The Progressive Farmer 1 year $1.00 Bailey's "Principles of Agricul ture" 1.25 Voorhees' ' Fertilizers" 1.00 3.25 All for $2.80. MILLIONS OF ACRES fenced with them this year. The fences that grow more popular every season. Real saving, service and satisfaction in Ellwood Steel Wire Fences Fnlly guaranteed. Best steel and galvaniz ing. If you can't find our local agent write to American Steel ft Wire Co., Chicago or New York. AKHSTKOlf Q M cKElTT Pittsburgh. BYMEK-BAU1CAH Pittsburgh. DAVIS-CHAMBEM Pittsburgh. FAEKS STOCK Pittsburgh. ANCHOR 1 , M V Cincinnati. ECXSTEXH J nr Ml ATLANTIC BRAD LET BROOKLYH Mew York. JEWETT ULSTER UNION 80UTHERX ) Chicago. EHZPHAM J COLLIER 1OSS01TE.I RED SEAL SOUTHERN St. Louie JOHN T. LEWIS A BROS CO Philadelphia. MORLET Cleveland. SALEM Salem, Mass. CORNELL Buffalo. KENTUCKY Louisville . National Lead Co.. joo Tho BEST Tutrt It ao rtciri FAX9VMAR B8ILER' af for & thresberman to buy and for a farmer to ose is the Farqnhar Celebrated At ax Threshing Enrine and the Farquhar Separator. Engines made in Biteg 4h. p. and op, and combine the advantages of all successful engines. Easy steam ers and develop more than rated horse-power. Have driver's eeat, foot-brake and w xpledlig. iwo injectors, separators ui II threening or farm use. arqunar macuuroo u Improvements, they thresh and clean all kinds or grain perfectly. Catalogue or Engines, l nregnmjf mcnmery, Saw Mills and Agricultural Implements FREE. fLsiMS. A. D. Farquhar L York, Pa. !the GOLUrJ3BIAcif,!yilyl5 t T- A time and r- Li money saver A- A I a rn Tirphpr of rrcat capacity, lor tne that can be run farmer. operated Trite for Justrated rice List FU Jl iUEEP AND 5rncnn KSn JW3 BELLE CITY MFG. CO ., Racfno. kaaa.aaaa SPECTACLES E AND Pitted by Competent Opticians by our New System of Home Examination vvvwvvx Tested by Tins In Use 35 Years. No experiment. Yon run no risk. 30 days' trial . For special offer and terms write OSGOOD SCALE CO. - 98 Central Street, filncfeamton, N. Y. T tSpl SPECIAL PF.iOES NcNS ptJ-EEiiS Trlul. uttruU'etl. Double -rffp'-i-llfefe, and Combination Beam. OSGOOD Catalog Free. V-rite now. BINGHAMTON.N Y vi e m t i 0O3 1 y'Ay 6jt, BBSBasnsnBacafi -ftk - - Double Daily Service In Effect May 26th, 1901, SOUTHWARD. Daily Daily No. 31 No. 27 Lv New York, P R R 12 S6 p m 12 10 a m LiV Philadelphia, P R R 3 29 pm 3 50 am Lv Baltimore, P R R 5 45 p m fj 4(1 a m Lv Washington, P R R 6 55 pm 1101 am Lv Richmond, SAL Ry 10 40 p m 2 40 pm Lv Petersburg. " 1131pm 3 27pm Lv Norlina, " 2ft5am " 55 p m Lv Henderson, " 2 30 a m 0 23 p m Lv Raleigh, " 3 46 a m 7 11pm Lv Southern Pines, " 537 am 9 30 pm Lv Hamlet, " 63flam 10 50 pm Lv Columbia. ' 8 40 am 1 o a m Ar Savannah, " 12 10 p m 4 52 a m Ar Jacksonville, " 3 50 pm 9 15 a m Ar Tampa " 5 00 am 54?Jpm No. 31 No. 41 Lv New York, N Y P & N...t7 55 a m 8 55 p m Lv Philadelphia, " 10 23 a m 11 26 p m Lv New York, OD8H Co...t3 00 p m Lv Baltimore, B S I1 Co t 630 pm Lv Washington, N & W S B 6 30 p m Lv Portsmouth, SAL Ry ... 9 3o p m f) 40 a m Lv Weldon, " 12 16 am 12 11pm Lv Henderson, " 2 45 a in 2 15 p m Lv Raleigh, " 4 10 a ra 3 55 p m Lv Southern Pines, " 6 07 a m bli pin Lv Harnlet, " 7 2tam l')50pm Lv Wilmington, " 35jin Lv charlotte, -' 10 (lam 10 15 p in Lv Cb 'ter, " m2 h m i 42 a m Lv Oiveuwood, " 12 2J p jii 3 4(i a m Lv Athene, " 2 lit p in 6 2 a in Ar Atlanta, J " 3 .yj p m s 0 t a in Ar Augusta. C fc W C 5 bi p ij Ar Macon, C of Ga 7 20 p in 11 2 a u Ar Montgomery, A & V P... 9 20 p m 0 3 ) a in Ar Mobile, 1. a: 2 55 a ?n Ar w orlefM-;. L v N 7 3- a i.i Ar Navhviile, N V A st. L . ; t a i u . ;i, Ar Memphis, " 4 00 u m 25 .i in Daily Dailv No. 31 No. 3s Lv ..Memphis, N C tV. 'A. L...12 4" noon ;t i o p in Lv Nastivilie ' ! 30 p ia b 3u a m Lv New Orleans. L A: N h 0 i p rn Lv Mobile, N A N 12 3 ( a rn Lv Montgomery, A x Y P.. 6 2i I a m 1 3o p r Lv Macon, C of Sa s no a m 4 2-t p ;n Lv Ansruvta. " .V W v 40 o Lv Atlanta, X S A L Ry 12 'it! noon kVhi' p'n Ar Atnens, " 2 IS p iu n 23 p m A r Greenwood, " hl pm 2)l am Ar Chester, " 7 a m 4 10 a id Lv Charlotte " 7 25 a m 5 2ia rn Lv Wilmington, 3 3i p m Lv Hainleu " 10 35 pm H i'Ta irj Lv Southern Pines." 11 p rn ! 93 v m Lv RaieJgh, ' i -j-, P m 11 3'i a iu Ar Henderson, " 2 50 a m 1 u5 p m Lv Norlina, S. A. L. Ry 3 34 a in 2 no pin Lv Wt idon, .' 4 4 i a m 3 lu p rn Ar Portsmouth, 7 oj a m 550 pm Ar Washington. N A W S B, 6 55 a ro Ar Baltimore, B S P Co f 45 a m Ar New York, O D S 8 Co fl 30 a m Ar Philadelphia, N Y P fc N,t5 4ti in 5 10 a m Ar New York, " 8pm 8 00 a m No. 31 No. 66 Lv Tampa, S. A. L. Ry., 8 00 p m 8 00 a m Lv Jacksonville, " JM0am 7 40 pm Lv Savannah. " 2 10 p m 11 45 p m Lv Columbia, " 7 ii p m 4 40 a m Lv Hamlet. " It 35 p m k 00 a m Lv Southern Pinee" 1 1 2K p m 8 41am Lv Raleigh, " 1 29 a m lo 42 a m LvHendereon, " 2 50 am 11 J a m Lv Norlina, " s35am 1243 pm Lv Petersburg, " 5 49am 2 47 p m Ar Richmond, " 6 32 a m 3 31 p m Ar Washington. P R R 10 10 a m 7 0 p m Ar Baltimore. P R R il 25 a m 1125pm Ar Philadelphia, P R R 13pm 2 56 am Ar New York, P R R 4 i3 p m 6 30 a m lURABLE and satisfactory painting is possible if you will be guided by the experience of practical painters which has proven that the only paint which will give permanent satisfaction is Pure "old Dutch process" White Lead. The brands named in margin are genuine. If any shade or color is required it can be readily obtained by using the National Lead Company's Pure White Lead Tinting Colors. Pamphlet giving information, and cards showing sample of the color will be mailed free upon application. William Street, New York. -Tfireshino Outfit " DJ luu ti. ,i 1 Co., Ltd U DELLE CITY FEED and ENSILAGE CUTTER with hinwr car LL) by light power and J by -rewmeu. rier attachment. All sizes. Cata-f logue and latest If book about M 9UBI- laga I Mnt y si 5 free on re- qaest. r5T Write forlt. Wis. Box 109 Buy Direct from Manufacturer. BY MAIL 4V. f S3 Perfect Fit and Satisfaction Guaranteed. Beware of travelling OPTICIANS and FAKIRS who ruin your eyes. Write for Home Ex amination Blanks and particulars, and save over one-half the cost- GLOBE OPTICAL CO., - - - - - Baltimore, Md &?tU&tmfr GUARANTEED UNDER A $5,000 DEPOSIT R. R. FARE PAID 200 FREE Scholarships ofcrti Write quick to A.-ALA. BUSINESS COLLECE. Macon, Ca. IT'S WO JOKE when we pay that PAGE Fences require less poets than others, and that they do not t;ur. i PAGE WOVE.N U1UE FE3CECO., A 1)111 A Ji, MICH. Grow Grasses and Raise Cattle. Examine agricultural statistics and eee tht high rank North Carolina takes in yield per acre of grasses and forage crops. Com pare her advantages for stock-raising wit5 , those of other States. Profit by these fat.K Grow grasses: raise stock. And whether yon have few animals or many, you cannot aSbrd not to read Grasses and ForaorPknts of ih Mi RY J. B. KILLEBRCW, ! cf the University ef Tciaeuee. It is a complete manual of the cnl- , j ture of grasses and forage plants of the South. It contains about 140 : pages, and is written in a style to be understood by everyone. The book discusses the character- p istics of the principal prasses, the maintenance of ittst-ures and mead- ows, leguminous forage plants, wild ' pastures, etc. It is fully illustrated j witu original analytical engravingr by Scribner, our greatest grass ex pert, and embellished with a large number of half tone cuts of field operations. Killebrew's former work on 'jrassd is now entirely out of print and brings 3 a copy. Thi.s new book con tains fill thp i the for- mer icorc, re-written y and entbodie ' the results of twenty years' aO'litionw "Xperienee of the writer and lJ' information abtained by the f-r-ment stations and the United Sf"t Department of Agricvlturc LOOK AT PRICES: We have 80 copies this valQ; f able work on hand, and, unti'y Hi lurtner notice, will senu copy of "Killebrew's Grasses and Forage Crops" to any ad dress for only 25 cents. Or one copy Free as a mium for $1 in new subscrip tions to The Progressive ar Or one copy with The gressive Farmer one yea any address for only $1.15. Address all orders to The Progressive Farmer, i ia ifrfe, i I i. V-Y