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Published Weekly at Raleigh, N. C;
aitCRCE P3 C .. ..-Edlttrk
I. W. OEM frMrtttwiH BtiliiuHiiHir.
Ti TfT - - ' ; ' '' . i. . . .
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nglft Subscription One Year. . ,11.00
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Trhs IsfaiiaTRlAL AND KDUOATION-
vf; Interests, of our People Para-
,1QUTT. TO, ALL OTHER CONSIDERATIONS
State Policy, ' is the motto of The
TxVgresslve'FarmetV and upon this
;latform it shall rise or fall. Serving
10 master; ruled by no faction, cir
cumscribed by no selfish or narrow
polipy, its aim will be to foster and
jrpmoto' the' best interests of the
FhOle people of the State. It will be
irue to the instinots, traditions and
listory of the Anglo-Saxon race. On
ll. matters relating specially to the
rreat interests it represents, it will
roeak with no uncertain voioe, but
Vill fearlessly the right defend and
impartially the wrong condemn.
rom Col. Polk's Salutatory, Feb.
10. 1886
Be sure to give both old and new addresses in
jrdering change of postofflce.
We invite correspondence, news items, sug
cestions and criticisms on the subjects of agri
sulture, poultry raising, stock breeding, dairy
ing, horticulture and-garding; woman's work,
itemture, or any subject of interest to our lady
readers, young people, or the family generally;
suoiie matters, current events, political ques
tions and principles, etc., In short, any subject
ttsetissedin an all-round farm and family news
paper. Communications should be free irom
personalities and party abuse.
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Thk Progressive Farmer Is the Official
Jrgan of the North Carolina Farmers' State
alliance.
A" THOUGHT FOB THE WEEK.
' To be .honest, to be kind, to earn
a little and to spend a little lees ; to
make upon the whole a family hap
pier by his presence; to lenounoe
f wherd that shall be necessary, and
not to be embittered ; to keep a few
friends, but these without capitula
tion ; above all, on the samo grim
conditions, to keep friends with him
self here is a task for all that a man
has of fortitude and delicacy. Robt.
Liouis 8teven8on.
.. VOL XVII.
'"The first issue of The Progressive
Farmer was dated Feb. 10, 1886.
. TTT 1 A , J A 1 X X ' X J A. 1
v ltu its last iBue, tuereiurw, ib uw
gan its seventeenth volume. Its
labors, tone and polioy during the
past year its readers know. For the
future the papsr shall have as here
tofore the best work of which its
'editor is capable. We have made
inifrtakes in the last year ; we shall
iria'ke others in the year now begun
But though we may blunder, and
'though : we shall doubtless fall far
short of on idfial. "wo hnvfl fnVh 'mi
ideal for the paper and, as nearly as
' may be, we shall strive to reaoh it.
f To make each farmer who reads
J.TIE tTlOQRESSIVE F ARMER a little
better informed, a little more pro
gressive and successful than his
'neighbor who does not read it ; to
put into the life of each mother,
wife, or housekeeper who reads it a
little more sunshine than is in that
of her neighbor who toils on with
out it ; to make eaoh young man who
grows up with it a little manlier, a
I 1:111. l - i a , r-.
UfetlO UlUiD li-lUliLi CU bU BO tit alter
things of substantial worth and to
avoid the falge and trashy, than his
cousin who never imbibes its spirit ;
to give eaoh girl or young woman
who reads it a little higher estimate
of the importance and influence of a
eweet and simple womanly life ; to
jgive each citizen who reads it a little
more reverence for law and order, a
little more of the spirit of tolerance
and a little less of the spirit of preju
dice ; and to make all that read it a
little better acquainted with "what
soever things are true, whatsoever
things are honest, whatsoever things
are just, whatsoever things are pure,
whatsoever things are lovely, what
soever things are of good report"
-this is our ideal, and in working to--ward
it we ask the support and oo-
operation of all that think North
Carolina needs such a paper.
The answers to Mrs. F. L. Stevens
; tree oonundrums, published on page
'4 of TnE Progressive Farmer of
Feb.-4th, are -as follows : 1. Birch.
2. Palm. 3. Beeoh. 4 Spruce. 5. Ash.
6. Plum. 7. Chestnut. 8. Tulip.
9. Dogwood. 10. Fir. 11. Hawthorre.
12. "Old Hiokory." 13. Sole. 14
(H)elm. 15. Laurel. 16. Olive.
. I
THIS WEEK'S PAPER SOME BAND Oil
COMHFNT.
The bulletin on Johnson grass, re
ferred to by our Washington corre
spondent, will doubtless interest
many of our readers, (o. page 8
we publish another notice of Prof.
Soule's new bulletin, which we re
gard as one of the most important
recently issued by the government
Get a paokage of 25 or 50 postal cards
from your postmaster, and whenever
you see a notice of a bulletin or a
manufacturer's oatalogue that you
wish, take out a postal and write for
a copy.
Harry Farmer furnishes some use
f ul hints on Irish potato growing
Next week he will tell of a few com
mon mistakes in farm fertilizing
Mr. Warren's letter, "Our Friends
in Feathers " directs attention to
the value of birds to agrioulture,
upon whioh subject we had another
artiole last week. We shall also
give in our next issue an essay by an
A. and M. College student on the re
lation of sparrows to agrioulture
We hope these articles will bring
some of the unthinking to realize
the folly of wholesale bird destruc
tion.
Within a few years we expeot to
see cheese making rather extensively
carried on in North Carolina. Prof.
Connell, on page 1, desoribes how the
work is done on a small scale.
Director Bedding's paper on the
home-mixing of fertilizers is plain
and praotioal.
The next artiole, "Dairying Pays,"
is short, but it oontains material
enough to keep one thinking for a
week.
"The Elegy in a Country Churoh-
yard" is universally recognized as
one of the very greatest poems of the
English language, and we make no
apology for giving it two columns of
our space. As Bacon tells us in his
oft quoted sentence, some pieces of
literature "are to be tasted, others
to be swallowed, and some few to be
chewed and digested." Gray's Elegy
unquestionably belongs to the last
named class ; and the "chewing and
digesting" of it will be worth more
to the average man than the reading
of any hundred new poems that will
appear this year.
Last week the leading article on
page 4 was of special interest to wo
men ; this week's is addressed espe
cially to young men, though all ages
and both sexes, it seems to us, would
find Ian Maclaren's artiole delightful
and helpful reading. It crowds out
"Our Social Chat," we are sorry to
say, but that department will be the
fuller next week.
"Making Impressions on a Child"
reminds us of what a well-equipped
teachpr said to us last week: "I
am almost afraid to teach, when I
think of the responsibility of im
planting my views and ideals in the
minds of children when I think of
what a wrong impressiop, or the
failure to give a "right impression,
on these plastic minds, may mean in
the years to come !" The thought
deserves the attention of our teach
ers, many of whom, we are glad to
know,read TnE Progressive Farmer
We suppose that our gpod lady
friends will say that a man and of
all men, a young man should not
have anything to say regarding wo
man's affairs ; nevertheless, it seems
to us that no other poem that we
have published foi years ought to
set a woman to thinking so hard as
that one on "Fashion" on page 5.
Isn't it worth pondering over that
while every year on the frills and
frownoes of fashion enough time
and money and worry are wasted to
build a pyramid or move a mountain,
the flowers keep only a few beautiful,
becoming patterns, yet never look
odd or old-fashioned? Is there no
lesson here?
We are about ready to agree with
the old doctor whose striking rebuke
to one of the most foolish of habits
is recorded in the artiole, "Reokless
Drug Taking." We believe that
hnndreds of our readers will do well
o tke its teachings to heart.
The new cabinet position, men
tioned in the Outlook's article, may
suit the commercial classes, but as a
Labor Department it is a cowardly
makeshift.
There are many good points in
Secretary Allison's letter, but we
cannot pass unnoticed his reference
to the farmer's dislike of his own
occupation. There are farmers of
that kind ; but they do not by any
means represent the entire craft.
It would really be of inestimably
greater benefit to the people, and
muoh more nearly iu aooord vith
the principles of our government, to
vote millions for good roads than as
a gift to ship building corporations.
So our Wake correspondent argues,
and he is right.
Tho Progressive Fanner, February 18. 1902.
THE GOOD ROADS CONGRESS.
Surprisingly successful was the
Good Roads Congress held in Raleigh
last week. The addresses were both
inspiring and practical, the objeot
lessons in road building striking, the
attendance large, the enthusiasm
marked.
And as a result of this meeting we
believe that two f aots and very im
portant ones they are have been
fixed in the minds of North Carolina
people :
t irst, that the good roads move
ment and the good sohool movement
are so united that together they will
rise or fall, prosper or decline. Until
we get better roads, a full attend
ance of sohool children cannot be ex
peoted ; and of what use is a long
term unless the children attend?
Second, without roads a steady de
oline in population, wealth and in
fluenoe oonfronts our rural districts ;
on the other hand, with improved
highways, farmers will get the ad
vantages of oheaper transportation,
farm lands will advance in value,
the sooial life of the oountry will be
improved, better schools and rural
free mail delivery will be assured,
and twentieth century improvements
and advantages (that have not been
able to get over the old, slow mud
roads from the town to the country)
will be carried to the rural districts.
We must have better roads that
is plain. But how? A larger prop
erty tax for the purpose should be
levied. We believe that the increase
in value of farm lands alone would
make the road tax a splendid finan
oial investment for the farmer. And
this increase in land values, of
oourse, only represents the advan
tages of cheaper transportation,
better sooial conditions, etc. The
Massachusetts plan of State and
oounty aid has many good features.
And of course our oonviots should
be set to building roads Where
necessary, bonds should be issued.
Mind you, we do not approve of
reokless bond issuing, but for such
matters as better sohools and better
roads, it is often wise. This is a
new country, and the improvements
that we are making are to help
future generations as well as our
own ; why then should they not help
us in paying for the good sohool
houses and the good roads that they
are to use?
National aid may be desirable,
but we think it will be years before
it is given.
But these matters will be disoussed
at greater length in future issues of
The Progressive Farmer and we
hasten nowto a report of the meet
ing held here last week.
the speeches.
The address of Col. W. H. Moore
at the opening of the Congress was
the best of the session. He
realized that the greaprc blem is,
how to get the money. There are
three ways of doing this, he said :
(1) a general property tax, for good
roads benefit everybody and enhance
the value of all property .; (2) by issu
ing bonds: (31 b7 State aid. as in
V' N J
Massachusetts where the State pays
one-third, the oounty one -third, and
the farmers whose lands abut on
the road the remaining third of the
cost of road improvement, or as in
Massachusetts where the State pays
50 per cent, of the total oost, the
oounty 35 per cent., the farmer 15
per cent. Our roads should be wider,
he said, not less than 24 feet, and 32
feet is better. Col. Moore strongly
urged burnt clay, or gumbo, as a
surfaoe for country roads, "Why,
with it, for $300 a mile," said he,
'you can have a road surface almost
as good as macadam." A clipping
from the Review of Reviews on this
subject is published elsewhere in
this issue.
A new idea was introduced when
Gen. M. C. Butler nrged national aid
for good reads. Congress votes
millions annually for the improve
ment of rivers and harbors, for ex
periment stations and agricultural
colleges. It is just as constitutional,
he argued, to vote money to build
good roads, and tho people would be
as greatly benefited as by the ex
penditure of monoy for the other
purposes just named.
Capt. S. B. Alexander told in an
interesting manner the history of
the good roads movement in Meck
lenburgof the unpopularity of the
law just after its passage by the
Legislature, because of the hatred of
a small increase in tax ; the improve
ment in farm conditions that silenced
these opponents of the law ; the in
crease in land values, and the pride
that every Meoklenburg man now
feels in the county's roads.
Mr. T. B. Parker mno !
otvw M OBAVJUg
oranmntit in hflhalf of tetter TOadS
"
as a help to the farmer. Our sohools
nnrl chnrches would be greatly
helped : the sooial life of the country
would be improved. The saving
that would result in the hauling of
farm products and fertilizers would
h astrmiahincr We shall publish
later an extended, report of Mr. Par-
lror's snfiPoH
Two Doints were emDhasized in the
.
J T ninnvrra 1' VVlTlHtntl
tho first that bad roads in this State
nost onr neome ilO. 000.000 annually,
but because it is an indirect tax tne
..
. t -ot it -tVir than
UDU UIO IJX OiDl IU LK J .wv-.
r r t m.
-nrt . fAw tmnrtrfid thonsand Der
Tear for eood roads; seoond, that
the bad condition of our highways,
more than anv other one thing, is
responsible for the too rapid drift of
tr tnwn Tt
JJ U1U 11UU 1. X Will SJ uu v. J WW
follows naturally, therefore, if our
abandoned farms are to be reolaimed,
if farm TTinfia -a tr Ya i Ti nr ARHPfi
or even maintained, we must have
better roads.
In the note from Fred R. Crane,
an Illinois farmer, whioh we pub
lish in another column, he says that
the most potent argument in behalf
rf hAttnr rnr1a in THinnl i that
V m. W m WVW m,mmm -w -
crnrvi rnarln utid mral fro dfiliverv of
"
mid la am inHonRrahlo tha farmer
cannot enjoy the advantages of free
mail deiiverv unless tne roaas are
..... . i -
kept in good condition. It looks as
if this fact is to aid the good roads
movement in North Carolina also,
for no speeoh in the Congress at
tracted more attention than that of
Superintendent A. W. Machen, of
the rural free delivery service, re
garding its relation to good roads.
He related the history of rural free
delivery and talked of its advantages,
but these subjects are not new to
Progressive Farmer readers. He
did make it very plain, though, that
ru al free delivery routes will not be
maintained where the carriers must
traverse neglected roads.
Senator Simmons appeared unex
peotedly, and made a good speeoh.
His declaration that the State ought
to take its convicts off the eastern
fa a -r,t thm At wnrir nn thA
nnhlin roads, was loudly applauded,
x "
In the afternoon, Dr. Charles D.
Molver delivered a thoughtful
speeoh,
an outline of whioh will
probably appear in next week's Pro
gressive Farmer.
the organization.
The organization of the "North
Carolina Good Roads Association
was completed rnursaay evening.
The offioers are as follows :
President P. H. Hanes, of Win
ston-Salem.
Secretary J. A. Holmes, of Chapel
Hill.
Treasurer Jos. G Brown, of Ral
eigh.
The following district Vice-Presi
dents were elected :
First R. R. Cotton, Bruoe.
Seoond W. R Cox, Penolo.
Third William Dunn, Newborn.
Fourth Dr. R. H. Lewis, Raleigh.
Fifth A. W. Graham, Oxford.
Sixth Capt. A. B. Williams,
Fayetteville.
Seventh Robert N. Page, Bisooe.
Eighth Theo.F. Kluttz, Salisbury.
Ninth Capt. S. B. Alexander,
Charlotte.
Tenth George S. Powell, Ashe-
ville.
The Exeoutive Committee consists
of the President, Secretary, Treas
urer, and tho following other gentle
men: Messrs. S. L. Patterson, of
Raleigh, A. W. Graham, of Oxford,
W. A. Riddiok, of Raleigh, and Paul
Garrett of Weldon.
the resolutions.
The following six resolutions in
regard to good roads work may be
taken as the platform of the Associa
tion at this time :
"Resolved 1, That we endorse the
work of the office of Publio Road In
quiries of the United States Depart
ment of Agrioulture, for the better
ment of the publio highways of the
oountry, and that we believe that
this offi.ee should be enlarged into a
bureau of the Department of Agri
oulture with sufficient appropriation
at its disposal to extend its work.
and that we especially urge the
Senators and Representatives of
North Carolina in Congress to vote
for the appropriation for this nffino
a8ked forthU year by the Secretary
of Agriculture.
"2. That we believe that it is just
as important that the National Gov
ernment assist in the improvement
of the common highways and post
roads of the oountry as it is for it to
care for the rivers and harbors ; and
we therefore favor Federal appro-
priations for highway construction
suoh appriations to be distributed
among the States and to be expended
. .
Only wuoro tucre ib a otato
I . . 1 x XI A.
priation equai to ine amount appuir
tioned by the uenerai ttovernmem;
"3. mat tnis convention nereoy
I . . . m a 9
heartily endorse me me worx oi me
National Good Roads Association in
organizing, and oommend its plan of
organization ot Dranon ABsooiawons
in each State, Territory and oounty
for thorough oo-operave action un
der a systematized plan
I tit mi x M A a 4 Trrtfo to
"4. lUUb WH 1 II V UX null auuwww
the enaotment of legislation provid
ing for the office of Highway tom
I . :m vr x- II . 3 ' 4- V. f
missioner ornonu rouaa,
annual aDDrorjriation of sumoient
I
i , . ,i x na x J n
iunas to enapie inai uiuuo w give
proper supervision to road improve
ments in the State.
"5. That this Convention reoom
mends-that the General Assembly of
North Carolina make provision for
giving instruction in road building
at both the State University and the
Aeriouiturai ana lYieoiiamuai KjUI-
lege.
"6. That this Convention urges a
more extended use of convict labor
in road building in North Carolina,
and respectfully asks the General
Assembly of this State to adopt a
8VSt6m. WHICH Will provide IOr IU6
t mf g
employment of all its able-bodied
: - .
male convlots eitner in aotuai worK
on the publio roads or in the prepa
I xi - x iu
rawuii ui iumBrmiB tuwoiui.
The action ot the Republican cau
cus seems to mean certain death for
the Crumpaoker bill. Its adoption
would mean the loss of three Con
gressmen to North Carolina mak
ing our representation in the next
House seven instead of ten.
PASSAGE OF THE ANTI-OLEOMARGARINE
BILL.
We learn with muoh pleasure that
the anti-oleomargarine bill passed
the House last week by the decisive
vote of 162 to 118. But out friend,
the Raleigh Post, surprises us by
speaking of the matter in this wise :
(tTV. "Kill U1. it
xUD u1DU1U0x6axxUD um-au
11 Baoum Deuu a mw W1" uo
sly hrtfal to the farmers of the
South, passed the House by a good
majority."
I . xx e x xi t ; 11 l j
A a matter oi laoi, tne om wouiu
iaimD1 c"
oun and, it we are not mistaken,
the Post itself expressed that opin
ion after a study of the matter two
years ago. we wisn tne editor or
the Post would go out to the A. and
M. College some day and see the
good work of the two or three score
young men and one young lady, who
are taking the splendid dairying
oourse at the institution, and are
going out into different sections of
North Carolina to begin the develop
ment of oommeroial dairying to
which our State is so admirably
adapted an industry that means
millions annually to Northern agri
oulture and would mean millions tot
North Carolina, if properly devel
oped. Dr. Burkett argues, as Prof.
Frank E. Emery also insisted, that
in North Carolina no phase of farm
work offers better opportunities to
young men than dairying, just as
Secretary of Agriculture Wilson, we
believe, asserts, and as Commissioner
Patterson believes.
More than that, the people them
selves see it, as is attested by Dr.
Bnrkett's dairy class, representing
three generations and both sexes. If
we can only keep oleo. from masquer
ading under false colors and that is
all this anti oleomargarine bill pro
poses: no tax on oleo. sold for what
it is and in its natural color, a tax
only on that colored to deceive, to
imitate butter if we can only keep
this fraud out of sheep's clothing.
we say, the dairying and oheese-
making industries of North Carolina
will prosper wonderfully, and add
muoh wealth to our State.
Nor will this anti-oleomargarine
bill decrease the prioe of cotton seed.
Less than five per cent, of the com
position of oleomargarine is cotton
seed oil ; we believe that a greater
proportion of ootton seed products
are now used in dairy herds in the
production of a pound of butter
than is used in the oleo. factories to
produce a pound of that stuff.
Let us push forward dairying in
North Carolina All honor to our
far-sighted Representatives, Pou.
'tl'
v j cuu x vjm. cuo UllJ. feu Li Lib iJltJU CJU lbs
own merits I May our two Senators
follow their example !
It will be a month or more before
we can fill further orders for copies
of Bailey's "Principles of Agricul
ture" or Voorhees' Fertilizers."
The edition has been exhausted, but
the publishers are now printing a
fresh supply, which will soon be
ready. -
3
FOB THE
IHPE0VEME1TT
SCHOOLS.
COUNTS
Another meeting, hardly less note
worthy than the Good Roads Con
gress, was held in Raleigh last week
It was a conference of the mojj
prominent educators of our State
representing nearly- all-our best',
known sohools, as is shown by the
list of names appended to the ad.
dress with which we conolude thij
article. The meeting was largely
attended, and characterized by the
same spirit of determination that
marks the appeal that was issued,
We believe that the organization of
this "Central Campaign Committee
for the Promotion of Publio Educa.
tion in North Carolina" is to doj
great work for our State. A fund of
$4,000 to defray its expenses hag
been seoured. Its executive commit,
tee consists of Gov. Aycock, Gen,
Toon and Dr. Mclver. The interest
felt by press and pulpit in the cause
of publio education is to be guided
systematically, in the hope of secnr
ing practioal results.
Our space being limited this week
we shall not say more at this time,
The address speaks for itself, and ig
as follows :
a ringing address on common schooJ
PROBLEMS.
Profoundly convinced of the pro.
phetio wisdom of the declaration of
the fathers, made at Halifax in 177g(
that "Religion, morality, and knowl-
edge being necessary to good govern.
ment, sohools andv the means of edu
cation shall forever be enoouraged ;"
and cognizant of the full meaning of
that reoent constitutional enaotment
which debars from the privilege oi
the suffrage, after 1908, all persons
. A , mm
wno cannot read and write ; ana re
lying on the patriotism and foresight
of North Carolinians to deal with it
great question whioh vitally conl
cerns tne material and social wel-1
fare of themselves and their poster- i
ity, we, in an educational oonferenoe j
assembled in the city of Raleieh. I
this February 13, 1902, are moved to
make the following declaration of
educational, faots and principles:
1. To-day, more fully than at any
other time in our past history, do
North Carolinians recognize the
overshadowing necessity ojinWexeal
education in the solution of those
problems whioh a free government
must solve in perpetuating its ex
istence. 2. No free government has ever
found any adequate means of uni
versal education, except free publio
sohools, open to all, supported by the
taxes of all its oitizens, where every
ohild regardless of condition in life
or circumstances of fortune, may
receive that opportunity for training
into social service which the consti
tutions of this and other great Statei
and the age demand. I
3. We realize that our State hail
reached the constitutional limit of I
taxation for the rural schools, that
she has made extra appropriations to
lengthen the term of these sohool!
to 80 dayfe in the year. We realize,
too, that the four months' term norj
provided is inadequate, for tha rea-1
son that more than 14,000,000 .chil
dren of sohool age in the United
States outside of North Carolina are
now provided an average of 145 days
of sohool out of every 365 ; that the
teachers of these children are paid
an average salary of $48 per month ;
while the teachers of the children of
North Carolina are paid hardly $25
per month, thus seduring for all the
children of our sister States more
m
efficient training for the duties ot
life. And we further realize that
for every man, woman and child of
its population, the oountry at large
is spending $2 83 for the education of
its ohildren, while North Carolina tf
spending barel 67 cents ; that the
country at large is spending on &
average of $20 29 for every pupil en
rolled in its pnblio sohools, while
North Carolina i3 spendin s only $3
or $4, the smallest amount expended
by any State in the Union ; that the
average amount spent for the educa
tion of every ohild of sohool age io
the United States is approximately
$9.50, 9hile North Carolina is spend
ing $1.78.
These faots should cause our pride
and our patriotism, and lead us
inquire whether the future will hold
this generation responsible for the
perpetuation of conditions that have
resulted in the multiplicity of small
school districts, inferior school
houses, poorly paid teaoherSj ftd
neoessarily poor teaching ; that have
resulted in 20 white illiterates oat of
every 100 white population over
10
id
years of age, in generally poor a
poorly paid supervision of the ex
penditure of our meagre sohool fo0
and of the teaching done in ottf
I
13 ;
!,:
TV