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-x o THE IHDBOTRIAL AID UCATIOIAL HTERESI8 OF OUR PEOPLE PlEAHOBEf TO ML OuIIZl ODniniAnO C? ETAJ3 POLICY. Vol. 17. Raleigh, IT. C.t Harch 11, 1902. H 1 mmmmr Agriculture. ""HABBT J ABUSE'S TALXJ. LXIV. pondpnceof The Proffrecslre rarmer. ijjis talk will oonaist of some news s08 from Columbus county, ftfxa work is very baokward. eTy little plowing done. Many kers are expecting to plant large of tobaooo. The ootton crop creased in acreage. The sales of utilizer will be slightly in excess of ijjtyear. The spring oat crop will larger, the winter crop having 3 killed out on many farms. tio .nd hoes seem to be in fair JllBAW - w jaiition, considering the oold win iff. The strawberry crop appears ,,vo in frnod shaoe. Afew blossoms w UW Q 'cs seen. The sale of mules and 'isses is not so large as it was the We date last year. (Excessive rains and hard cold TCitber has not only kept farmers -bick from their work, but have pre t&ted peach and plam trees from csisg. It is not unusual to see tefcia bloom here in February, jksj tamers are rejoicing over the tiji prices obtained for egg i. Well, iljeviern part of Columbus as well utia whole of Brunswick oounty aped the big snow. While we rr5 free to go anywhere without 802XE MISTAKES Al TO "Z1LLE3" TZBTIL1ZEES. in Dr. Ell f ore Explains tht If easing ef the Terra Some Material in Addition to the monia, phosphoric acid and potash from the other materials. Kainit, one of the materials whioh furnishes potash in fertilizers, con- Potaih, Phosphorio Acid and Nitrogen is tains about 12 per cent, potash, the In.TiuMe-Objectionabl. "Jiller" it That i4. Ki ' l! ! Z Added UnnBcii.iril-. I Wi wuiuiuumh, water I anil Vl am nAmnnnfiila 1 i A Correspondence of The Proarresalve Farmer. wmuuuo ui nixio, liiag I have been watohine the discus- nesia, etc. Here it would also cost " i . ... sions going on in The Progressive more to separate the 12 per cent. Farmer and Charlotte Observer by of Pa8n from the other materials Mr. C. L. Evans and the State Chem- tnan ouia be gained by the separa- I M 1st, Dr. Kilgore, on home-mixing of tlon fertilizers. Tha farmer wants infor. Tna bulk of these three materials mation along these lines ; if it is true are not the valuable portions of fer that the fillers of fertilize rta not tilizars, but they are not "filler.' I 9 . A A t m 1 worth any more, or haven't any An "inswauon win snow just what valuable paper. mrHfi thRn is meant by "filler:" An 8 2 2 fer- TntiinVa..ic THIETT TEARS 07 TARXUKQ PE0QEE1S IH BUEEE COUHIY. A Correipondett Tells of tne Changes in Wheat Growing and Wheat Threshing, Which Serves as an Illustration of tha General Improvement Hade. Correspondence of The Progressive Farmer. Seeing your. request for letters re garding farm conditions in the sev eral counties, I will write this bit of history and progress of 30 years in Burke County, N. C, whioh has oo ourred within my own knowledge and experience. It may be of inter est to some of the readers of vnnr Live Stock. more fertilizing properties than Darn vara manure, stable manure with dirt or muck, then the farmer can furnish it cheaper than he can buy it. Every farm has all of these on it. If the filler has no more fer tiliztng value than these manures, he had better furnish it, for he will save manufacturing, freight, and hauling to his farm. The heaviest drain on the farmer is his filler. He is willing and able to pay for the ohemioals, but cannot pay $20 per ton for guano and oome out even. tilizer oan be made of the following mixture : Cottonseed meal 500 lbs. Aoid phosphate 1,050 Kainit 260 Filler dirt 190 it In tho year 1871, at whioh time the writer was 15 years old, my father, Rev. P. A. Whitener, bought one fourth interest in a threshing ma chine, known as the Hosteller thresher, one of the old fashioned kind oalled the ground hog machines after the mounted thresher and sepa rators came into use. We started ture is what is generally referred to threshing in Upper Fork township. as -mier. mis is a low graae ler- tn miina nntht: of Mnann . VM w V AUW flU DVUy JMJL tilizBr and high grade ones are made Upper South Fork river, in said Dy tne use oi maierius wmon Totalone ton 2,000 The 190 pounds of dirt in this mix EES? PBODUCIIOff in THE SOUTH. Ho 2 of State Veterinarian Butler's Letters to Progressive Parmer Beaders Why Beef Breeds 8honld he Heed for Beef Production About An "Ideal" Animal That Doesn't Bxist. Oorrespondence of The Progressive Farmer. We must look further, then, for the reason of the beef steers greatei value and consequent popularity Early maturity at onoe suggests it self, but, while it is an important quality, the difference between our beef and dairy breeds in this respect is not so great as some think. . , We saw in last week's article that the beef steers reaohed a consider ably higher weight at three years old than the scrubs, and dairy-bred steers, but as this weight was, pound for pound, produced at about the same oost it gave no great advan tage. Although weight alone does not constitute maturity, it is a fao that the beef steer does mature earlier ; that is, beoomes fit to pro duce prime beef at a younger age than the scrub, but this quality is of beef and dairy-bred steers fer beef making, Prof . Curtis says : "When these cattle went to mar ket the Hereford commanded prica ten cents in advance of the highest quotations of any other cattle. He was one of a car load to command that price. His selling represented a pre mium of ten cents among 1,700 cattjo. Both of these steers sold on their actual merits. The other steer went on the same market, and was obliged to sell $2,125 below the top quota tions, a difference of $2 2. 25 ; or, in other words, the Hereford brought exaotly 49 per cent, more than the Jersey. "When they were slaughtered the Hereford steer dressed 67 5 per cent, and the Jersey dressed 57.5 per cent. In other . words, there was ten per cent, more net beef in the Hereford. I will say further, that the Jersey was as well finished as it was pos sible to make it : no amount of feed ing could have made him any better for beef purposes than he was at the time he went to market : both steers- were in good form. "In addition to the ten percent. oua- county I going along as a kind of tain greater per oentages of phos- Rnntnh fnr mon nmnral wt, Th fit r-hmut in hi iflttr phoiio aoid. potash and ammonia. fnii nf r fliioV not by any means the chief cause of more beef in one of them, when the , , - - I ""WU I V,la nnnnlovU. iU 1 V, I 1 v. J T says there is about .35 per cent, of uepartment oi Agriouituie has Qf a hand, setting the machine and -f w " "ereey nhnnnhnrin Rnirt in . inn of harn xtkt PUDllsnea in the January. 1VJU0 BQlle- thrhlna. TV o,l it -II vo. uyu1UDU ASU yuuuuo Ui iuuao m 't .40 per cent, of potash and a aeoription oi tnese various were tn order was the first thin to , . u u puua u, txtu materials, with axnlanation of how I a Tri-. i ouo uo uairjr-urou oww, wb tuiui suet, nnu iae carcass ureEsea ioo I i j.- & a . wo auk mo uurBH uuwur. i I . . 6U Donnas, mis Hteer ftne Hereford manure, .40 per oent. oi potash and uorunuu YB"UUD were tn order was the first thing to .60 per cent, of ammonia. What the materials, with explanation of how do Firstf we B8t the horge power farmer desires to know is what lo mlx inem ln proportions suitea to Whioh not beine mounted on wheels. THE DRESSED OARO ASSES. mm . titderediatheleaatjonrnelgh- chemical, and what percent. m it different crops The January, 1902, Was staked fast to the ground and Here we find a marked difference Z bca twenty or thirty miles north idlest of us were snow-bound. taxe to maxe Darn yara manure a complete fertilizer? Or, with stable Iiry Jane has not done any gar- manure, riohdirt, muck? The farmer irs? vet. but she is talking cab bas all of these, or part of them, on o j w s. eto.. nowaday s and. jast as as the land will do to plow we XlIAsye to go in the garden and do Witiighty hard work for a few V-' VCa r1rw tranr oon nri Viai C hd work a great deal. Oar garden reaj ire generally planted very early but the ground was hard this winter, so we We like to his farm that he can furnish at little oost. This is the kind of informa tion the farmer de&ires. The State Chemist gives formulas for cotton seed meal. Cottonseed meal is too expensive xor tne xarmer to use as a Bulletin, whioh has just been issued, also contains a number of formulas for mixing fertilizers for cotton and corn, as well as compost formulas, using stable manure, rioh dirt and suitable fertilizar materials for bal anoing them and suiting them to the needs cf different orops. Copies of these two bulletins will be furnished to any resident of the f 2 feoruary, psen too t2 be late planting pTtsome very early and some later. p little dwarf kinds are ready for table the last of April. We njs sjw a few early radish for (-; children. (We often eat mora of .iia than the children). 1 w j zztj Jme has been using com pfircial fertilizers for several years fertilizer. He had as well buy guano ae WDO PP"e r mem. as cotton seed meal. The farmer wants a cheap fertizer or a good fertilizer cheap, and by furnishing the body he can make a good fertilizer cheap. I take The Progressive Farmer and have been asuoscricer ever sinoe it was nrst published. I also take the Bulletin, but the farmers would like to have all the information they can possibly contained a long stem to outside of I sufficient to sustain all the olaims circle of horse, where there was a made by those who advooate the ditch out to make room for a 30-inoh I beef breeds for beef. In faot, the band wheel on said stem. Then buyers know the superiority of the oameakng rope to oonneot power beef-bred steer !s carcass so well that and thresher together, at right angle of the eighteen steers tested by the to the machine which was enclosed Iowa Experiment Station, the aver- in a oloth canvas supported by stakes age prioe for Herefords, Shorthorns, driven in the ground. On the out- and Angus, at Chicago, was $6,458 side of canvas in samedireotion with per hundred live weight, while the line of rope was the fan mill, where average prioe of the Holsteins and He was well finished, and in that carcass we only found 90 pounds of tallow, as against 190 in the other,' and 38 pounds suet as against 55. Tallow, at that time, was worth four cents a pound at wholesale, while choice steak was worth nineteen cents. "Now, while these steers were rendering equal returns for a bushel of corn consumed in the feed-lot. get at this time. Cleveland Co , N. C. J. Y. H. I worked furnishing power for the Jerseys was $4.75 per hundred pounds while they were charging the feeder iau or measuring gram, wnion was live weign. xnis is a dinerence oi the same prioe for a Dound of beef. myaeiignt. i fi.vus per nunarea pounds live Threshing over several sections of weight, or about 36 per oent. in favor Burke in all directions, setting down of the beef breeds. from two to five times per dav. the This is a distinot and decided ad orops being small, we threshed about vantage for the beef steer and it will 100 bushels per day and about 2.000 be interesting as well as instructive bushels per season, getting one-tenth to inquire into the reasons why the as toll for threshing. We thought buyers made this difference. These in the market one of them com manded 49 per cent, more than the other, and this applied to the entire carcass. "Now you can readily see why the buyer put that difference on these animals. It is their business to know and they do know what an a tin garden and thinks it a great Answer by Dr. B. W. Kilgore, State ship along with Norfolk. If so, I uneTmsi.) zear me results, ooma peas were Replying to the above letter in re- planted at the usual planting time gard to fertilizers and compost, I and some have not been planted yet idditon to other manures. Fertlli -fin will push many vegetables for md be the means of our having ,ae nice fT3eki &hewl of the old style gar 1 . I " e kope no farmer who reads this count of the nitrogen (ammonia), A few potatoes have been planted, phosphorio aoid and potash they but the bulk of the crop is out of the pbetweiiagy to give his wife or contain, ho greater the amount ground. of these the greater will be the in- There are very few oats sown in crease in crops to whioh they are ap- this county, except for feeding pur- Dlied. provided the three are well poses. Those sown last fall are look- balanced or well suited to the needs ing very bad. of the crop and soil. While cotton- It is anticipated there will be a de seed meal and similar materials oost crease in the ootton acreage in this 1." w.Wfer a plenty of the best ma veiti fertilizer for the garden so at fce will have an abundance cf ce vegetables during the whole ew- We would sell our farm and ?&V8 horn a i f wo rrTi'M Tint Tiaita a dentosnoDlvuswithDlentv a great deal more than stable manure oounty this year. I wonder how I r " I j l II V.4.n A- n-ir ir I 1 U Via Yafrwa rtnv To mm ara (4 po Teenies, for we would ttnu BUU"7B e - ,,, k , ?it. il . ' . I rsmr,ra Vi qtt Tirrvlnno n fnr crTPfLtFT I Txrlll loam that fl. HfiVflTl million Diile c uysoepsia and oe too in to " w. ... , en eo l on crops man ao iuo ibbor crop win unug as muuu "iuuoj and cheater materials. erally, as an eleven million bale crop. The question of -filler" in fertili- I regret to say that the majority of zers is one that does not seem to be the farmers here are poor, and tne well understood, and I offer the fol- mode of farming, I believe, is re lowiDg explanation on this subject : sponsible in a great measure for it Ordinary aoid phosphate contains We know a man who has planted usually 14 per cent, of phosphorio ootton on the same neid ior ioursuo aoid, the other 66 per cent, beirg cessive years, ne put nis manure on waier. sand, land plaster and other this field, but the fourth year round m I . . .a r a compounds of iron, magnesia and it as poor as it was tuo nrst. ine limn. This 86 per cent, is not "filler" reason for this is very plain to any in the sense in whioh that term is generally used. The aoid phosphate in Connecticut under has been made by treating a good grade of phosphate rook as dug from FASQUOTAHK FAEH BOTES. Correspondence of The Progressive Farmer. 'rne nrst nait oi Jbeoruary was very oold, and since the middle of the month it has been very rainy. Therefore very little plowing has been done. There is one thing very certain: truck in this oounty will be two or three weeks later than usual, and I that fairiy wen at age, coming reasons can be dearly stated as fol- animal will cut out on the Wools; am airaid mat means mat we snaii ontant witti nnlv s foni stVi oi ma. I IrkOSTB TTlA nvniln Vila A a ta fmm I font vhon tVta fooda A nna i- mrrr wuvmwv naau uukj ton wuoa tu- I . v wtw.-mvav mbm &wu i t -wm .mw &www- ajjo aaj V A uvvj chines of about the same make-up. slaughter tests made by the various nize that difference he is obliged to There was then only one mounted experiment stations snow that Dear we xoss. Tnese steers were - i separator thresher to my knowledge the proportion of dressed weight both good representatives of their at that time ; it was run by Mr. TO GROSS weight respective type and breed, and while is decidedly higher in the beef -bred this steer had that large quantity of steer, a if ty-three Herefords, Short- internal tallow, he had not the de horns and Angus averaged 64 6 per velopment and finish in the high- cent, dressed weignt to live weignt, priced cuts that the other had. He while eighteen Jerseys, Holsteins had fat deposited around his internal and natives averaged 61 5 per cent., organs to the extent of one-third his a differ enoe of 3.1 per oent. in favor entire weight. whilA thorn of the beef breeds. This is probably meat enough on his ribs and back to a more favorable showing than the decently cover his bones. The bny- dairy-bred steers deserve, as the dif ers object to that olass of cattle ; for, rerenoe is about nve per cent, in pro- while they are finished, in the sense vegetables two or three wlU eay that tbese material In my opinion those that are out of Jo8eph Pool, in Silver Creek Town- valuable as fertilizers mainly on ao- the ground are in the best oondition. Bnip wnt. Besides all thif, the -ea K, e, tt ion? way. 0War8 gap. rsour family. It is not often r-4'9 tb a farm with a nioe gar- f " o.q under a mortsraare. Harry Farmer. Ul-aibu Co., N. C. TUCC0 BAUISO UNDEB SHALE. ooaricn, in an article MWorliv Work under the titl c"urr- Under (Moth." tells of rjj, , 1 t oa'erful iraprovement in grow- 5 k-JOi-'nrt lie progressive farmer. On the other hand we know of anOcf farmer who bought a farm five years ago and he has increased the value of it Bat now comes the point. There has been great progress in this section since 1871 in many respects. So last year, 1901, there were six horse-power and one steam separator threshers in this (Morgan ton) town ship threshing from 5,000 to 20,000 bashels per machine. This is indeed great progress in wheat culture for one township in Burke County. And yet there are other things ad vanced fully as much and some bet ter, whioh I may mention at another time if this finds a place in the cola cans of your valuable paper. Perhaps I might make this more in teresting by inoluding the whole a i a m a spaoe oi time oetween tnese dates mentioned, as I have had experience with wheat threshing most of the time from 1871 to 1886. But to make it as short as possible, it is only necessary to give the first and last years of the period in or to show the difference between 1871 to 1901. R. C. Whitener. Barke Co., N. C. portion of dressed carcass to gross weight. Another point at whioh the beef steer has a deoided advantage, as shown by the experiment stations is in the proportion of loose tallow to weight of dressed caroass. In the Slorthorns, Herefords and Angus above referred to the loose tallow averaged 13 2 per cent, of the dressed weight while in the Holsteins and Jerseys it averaged 18.35 per cent. of being fattened, they are not fin ished in the parts that produce the high priced beef.' This, in the light of other experi ments, was rather an extreme case, but it serves to admirably illustrate the advantage the beef steer may possess over one of the non beef breeds. I am frequently asked to name THE BEST BEEF BREED FOR THE SOUTH. I can only reply that nv of the 0 ire. a 'i . . . A 3 nt. 1 n( L.U TT At A Viio Ktr o oimnla TV.rt . i rils gives promise Ot & I me gruuuu witu nu ouuai woigui v i uau. aid ixiva iiuio uj c Dtm.v vv- eraialfHfnnUnft tv, a oa nl nhnrin Rftirl. whinh Tendered its tinn of croDS : he told me that he i -ac:o an(j stretohingfrom Ivanized wire a oheese L Coverja?, closing in the field ch Per The first recorded American silo for the storage of fodder was built in 1875 by a Dr. Manley Miles, who was led to make the experiment through favorable reports made by farmers in France who praotioed this method In f act, the Hereford steers weigh- speoial beef breeis is good enough. ing 1,022 pounds only had 129 pounds Shorthorn, Angus or Hereford will of loose tallow, while the Jersey do well with proper feed and care, steers weighing 880 pounds, or 142 but none will prove satisfactory pounds less, had 165 pounds of loose without these. We hear much of tallow. In other words the Jerseys the rustling qualities of the Here- weighed 143 pounds lees but had 36 ford and the hardiness of the Angus, pounds more loose tallow. Tallow is but neither of these is a good beef The process sulphuric aoid, whioh rendered its tion I - - ... ..I mm m a a JA A. k. ri7 in placing posts on phosphorio acid soluble and in condl- never toiiowed ootton wua oouon. tion to feed plants. No value is at- He plants right muoh trnote and tanViori tn RnTthinc fixnent the nhoa. nlanta and SOWS the OOW pea. the phoric acid in the aoid phosphate, greatest friend that poor land has. but it is impossible to separate this I will say that too few of our farm- Qf preserving fodder. t from tne otner materials I am rp&o. farm papers, in a canvass uuuuaou auu A-& k it Lv w i - - The shade-zrown without adding more to its cost than of part of our county last fall as a I . Am a I I T m nwl arm; r4 4 r r more than twice as would be gained Dy me separation, doos ageni, x w ouiwoa P"nnd aa that erown nnt- In like manner, ootton seed meal so few farmers reacing xarm papers. r. I-; u ?i n.i them twi. 21 nnr fint. available phosphorio I The Progressive Farmer for many nAA ma 1 ner cent, available pot- vears. and I have enjoyed reading it snow will help it ash; the other 88 per cent, being very muoh. While the paper has this year the first thing that farmers tin of the various compounds always benn very good, the improve- oan get ho;d of to feed and they will oheaper than lean meat, hence the superiority of the beef-bred steer. The point where the beef steer most clearly shows his superiority is in the proportion of the valuable parts or outs to the cheaper in his dressed carcass. The shoulder and neok cuts sell for from one-third to one-half that brought by the loin quality. No animal is likely to make either good or the most profitable beef while withstanding hardships or rustling for something to eat. It is customary for a certain olass of writers on live stock matters per taining to the South to recommend this or that breed because of its abil- The idea V . . I . . . . a i krr-Ai i . .nk.iw fnf .mnnntino tn little, the wheat crop uricn tninfcs that With OOntains aDOUt o per cou. Bitt, nuyiuBruM UDO" " D"u . ' , AU: LaMocfl.tthflrt r ft- n to withstand hardahioa are nrofltaMa JIM. VUOO m V fmmmfm I ' AT M ' li v tho cnectiout growers, armies of nlants nnr n., . I,.' ntot compete suooeaafnPv e tobacco raiRAra a? anm.... ' a hf..r . te Coo " nain8 om 15,000,000 V 0G'3ayear to Rnmot. produced by the cotton plant in its ment under the present management feed it from the word go. growth, but they are not "filler." can be dearly seen. As with the acid phosphate it would John T. Brothers. V impossible to separate the am. Pasquotank Co., N. C. Monroe Journal: "I am told, oM n. town man vesterdav. tnat th oat nron is civins siens of and other choice outs of the body. It y o wiwisianu aDUse. ..u..w - - w I . . ...... . . 1 A X 1 . ... . . is in his ability to put nesh on his tna ammais wmoa nave ine aomvy t nvaaont ia nrnmiHtn?. ana ine v x , - a . X fli. i- m tttu Tii Kh i nnne & nisrner ner oentase or inese luuucauuo ui llUCai X AAA tJO I w) I nh nl oft nnta that erives the beef bred dollars each year. No animal can w,.w steer his 1130 food to keep its bodv warm or to I 4jm mmm 4 -mm AVV 4f. AV? TXT Ho at t GREATER VALUE AS A BEEF PRODUCER I "oi6J 4WU V W I I.-- M - Iri speaking! of the experiment at the same time convert made at tbfowa Experiment Bta- aesn or mug. 65 or 75 cents a bushel will be used as long as is iaais, ovcrjr Mujo, The it into business of the place of $1-1' corn." . til tion to A- comparative values i CSOSTEJUZD OH PAOS 8J 1 1 i I II I I s v;.t SI il X
The Progressive Farmer (Raleigh, N.C.)
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March 11, 1902, edition 1
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