Tho Progrczsivo Fnnncr, July 1 , 1002. T : 7 I I ' I ..Mm. i I wwm..' mmm mmm Willi w 1 : I I Farm Miscellany. VELVET BEANS. When mentioning this crop as one of the forage crops which can he suc cessfully grown in the South, we re marked that it was, in our opinion, better fitted to he grown as a soil-improving crop than for feed, as it is such a rampant grower that it is ex ceedingly difficult to cut and harvest. In confirmation of this, we observe that the crop was grown at the North Carolina Test Farm at Tarboro last year, and turned down as a prepara tion for a corn crop. The result was that the plot so treated produced the heaviest yield of corn and stover of all the plots tested. The yield of corn on this plot was 36.50 bushels per acre, and of stover 2,280 lbs. The next best yield was on a plot on which a com plete fertilizer had been applied fol lowing a dressing of lime in 1900. On this plot, the yield was 25.40 bushels per acre, and 1,800 lbs. of stover. The next highest yield was made on a plot on which. Soy beans had been turned down. This plot made a yield of- 24.40 bushels per acre, and 2,200 lbs. of stover. The value of the increased yield on the Velvet bean plot, over the cost of fertilizer, taking the value of corn at 50 cent3 per bushel and of stover at $8 per ton, was $11.54, which was nearly five times more than the value of the increased yield on any other plot. This great value as a fer tilizer comes largely from the fact of the wonderful power of the plant to gather and store nitrogen from the at mosphere. Dr. Stubbs told us some time ago that he had seen nitrogen nodules on the roots of Velvet beans nearly as large as pigeon eggs. Of course the great mass of humus pro ducing matter provided by the plant has also considerable influence. June Southern Planter. A MISAPPREHENSION. Occasionally somebody breaks the silence by sneering at science as ap plied to farming, and declaring that common sense, experience and work are all any farmer needs. Men had been cultivating the soil by common sense and main strength for many thousands of years before science was brought to bear upon the subject, and what was the result? The best plow was the "Gary" with an iron point and land side, and a wooden mould-board, with which the land was broken and the crop cultivated. The grain was cut with a scythe and threshed with flails or trodden out by horses or cat tle, just as the Egyptians did 4,000 years before. The best harrows were cut from a forked tree, and had wood en pegs for teeth. Cotton was picked from the seed by hand at the rate of a pound and a-quarter in ten hours. Thousands of acres were planted in grapes in New York and the New Eng land States, and were abandoned be cause the fruit all rotted on the vines. It was thus also in Europe until science developed the fact that a mix ture of bluestone, lime and water would prevent these diseases. It was already known that bluestone would destroy the spores of fungi, but it was not known that these diseases of the grape were fungus diseases until science demonstrated their true char acter and indicated the remedy. That section now ships train loads of grapes to all parts of the country. Fifty years ago it required an average of 32 minutes labor of a man to pro duce a bushel of wheat. Now, by the use of scientific tools and methods only 2.2 minutes are required. Then cotton seed was a waste product. Science has made the cotton seed crop worth $32,000,000 to the farmers of the South. The plain meat and bread and potatoes, the almost universal diet of American farmers fifty years ago are now made into several hundred choice foods, preserved indefinitely by purely scientific processes unknown two gen erations ago. The labor-saving im plements that enable the farmer of today to grow three times as much as his father did, are constructed on scientific principles or they would not do the work. There is no class of people no industry that has received so much benefit from applied science as farmers and farming. Farm and Ranch. Texas has had some rain recently, but the corn crop, it is said, will be a failure. TtBiki Crwt raj. use KtiarpiM Cream Bepr tor. Br ok "Business Dairying" A Cat. 285 free W. Chester, Fa. Live Stock and Dairy. DAIBT EABMIHG IN B0KTH CAROLINA Prize Ziiay by Hiu Xnla Dixon, Witter Coune, Worth Carolina A. & M. College. It is the purpose of this paper to present for the consideration of the farming constituency of North Caro lina one branch of agricultural work, which offers large returns, both in money and soil improvement, viz, dairy farming. It is nature's plan that the vegetable and animal worlds be always interde pendent. "They rise or fall together." And this very fact demonstrates the necessity of live stock in the restora tion of our depleted soil. It is not for us to say that any branch of live stock can not be kept with profit within our borders, but only to emphasize dairy farming as a work which combines both immediate and future returns. OUR NATURAL ADVANTAGES Our diversity of climate and many types of soil insure the successful growing of a variety of feeding stuffs. As far as these things go, we have the favorable conditions of the most successful dairying countries of the world, of Switzerlands mountains, Italy's plains and Holland's lowlands. The choicest rations, of grains, grasses, legumes and roots can be grown right here, and our comparative freedom from drought and storms and pestilence makes North Carolina al ways sure of plenty. Our climate, so mild as to require little expense in the way of providing shelter from storm and sun, the adap tability of our soil to the growth of almost endless variety of forage, com bined with cheap labor, places the cost of dairy farming at low figures. If to these favorable conditions were added rational feeding, the one great neces sity to profitable dairying in so many places, the cost might be reduced to a minimum, making it possible for us to compete in this industry with any country. If not in North Carolina, the home of diversified agriculture, and especially of the cow-pea and cot ton-seed meal, the great protein feed ers and sources of beef and butter and cheese, dairying can not be practiced with profit, surely it must be a close business elsewhere. If countries not so favored can meet their home de mand, and contribute to the world's supply and make money, certainly the Old North State can do as much. MORE AND BETTER CATTLE NEEDED Thus far we have on our farms only a scanty scattering of scrub cattle and a smaller number of grades. A few pure-breds have been lately introduced, but these can hardly be said to have passed the experimental stage. The grades have been highly satisfactory over the scrubs and there is every rea son to believe that pure-breds may be kept here with increase of profit over the grades. But profit is the first con sideration; after that is sure, the in crease. Statistics show that there has been a steady gain in number of our cattle during the past decade. In 1900 we had two hundred and forty-three thousand two hundred and nienty- eight milch cows, as compared with two hundred and twenty-three thou sand four hundred and sixteen in 1S90. It is gratifying to note this increase of live stock, of milch cows in par ticular, but still the shortage is enor- mous. w ltn a population ot one mil lion eight hundred and ninety-three thousand eight hundred and ten in the year 1900, North Carolina averaged one milch cow to every eight persons, instead of having as she needed, one cow to every four persons. In conse quence of this shortage there is for the stock men of our State an almost un trodden field to occupy, and for the man who can breed or select dairy or beef herds with intelligence there are few occupations more remunerative. "WHAT OUR SMALL TOWNS NEED. North Carolina seems destined to include in her list numerous small towns and but few cities. From the fact that in these towns a large per centage of homes bordering streets have in the rear gardens and barns, guaranteeing the support of the one great family necessity, a milch cow, it is probable that the sale of milk in our State may never be compara tively great; still there is, in conse quence of our ever-increasing town population, a growing need to be sup plied, and from our cities, though few, a steady demand. For the vender of good, clean, honest milk there will al ways be dimes in the pockets of our j urban population. s BUTTER AND CHEESE Probably, also, because of the ex pense of transportation we never can compete in the milk trade of our large American cities. Nevertheless, there remain two other dairy products, but ter and cheese, for which there is an enormous demand at home and abroad, the excess of which over home con sumption can be conveniently put up on the world's market. Of the im mense annual total of butter con sumed in North Carolina by far the greater part is shipped in from other States, and of the thousands of pounds of cheese bought, not ten per cent is manufactured at home. Besides this, not les3 than half "a hundred agents traverse our State in. the interest of butter substitutes,, inducing our peo ple to buy at smaller cost what is rep resented to be as good as butter." My brethren, these things ought not so to be. So much the more to our dis credit when we have every advantage for production, such that were a Chi nese wall biult around our State cut ting us off entirely from the world's supply, we still might feast on the products of the dairy forever and for ever. We believe that if our people knew how to take hold of this work they would do it ; and they can know if they will. DAIRY EDUCATION. Within the limits of our capital city stands the Agricultural and Mechani cal College, the property of the State. Its faculty list includes men who are consecrated to the idea of industrial development. In the Department of Agriculture are instructors who are familiar with the details of farming from actual subject, but not, as preju dice has so often charged, simply book farmers. This Department offers three different courses a four-year, which equips broadly, a two-year edu cating in general principles and appli cation, but not so much in detail, and a ten-weeks course beginning in Jan uary of each year, and arranged espe cially for those who by reason of age or home surroundings or finances can not remain longer, and which may nat urally be expected to reach a far great er number of our people than the other two. Suffice it to say that the promi nence given in the short course to the study of dairy farming augurs well for our future in that industry. TBE KIND OF INSTRUCTION GIVEN. An outline of the instruction bear ing direct! upon that subject may not De out oi piace m mis paper son im provement, cattle-raising and buttei' making. Under soil improvement lectures are given in regard to different types of soil, physiology of plant life, the proper rotation of food crops in con nection with renovating crops, com position of commercial fertilizers and the intelligent use of them, the value and care of refuse animal products and their application to the land, proper drainage and preparation of soil, the cultivation, harvesting and profitable disposition of various crops, and the use of labor-saving machinery employed throughout. In connection with cattle-raising, different breeds are discussed, from the distinct dairy type to the opposite or beef type. There is instruction as td keeping up and improving herds, both by breeding and selection, and in stock judging and veterinary science. Lessons in rational feeding, explain ing the physical need of animals for various purposes, functions of food in body, digestibility of various feeding stuffs, dry and succulent, their rela tive food values and proper combina tions, the comparative cost and suc cess of dry, soiling and silo-feeding, and the management of cattle in gen eral. PRACTICAL DAIRY TRAINING. The subject of butter-making in cludes the study of the composition of milk, its value as a food, and the care which should be given it' as such, practical work in the use of cream separators, and Babcock test for but terfat, in determining acidity of cream, churning, working and finish ing off butter, care of utensils and de tails of dairy work generally. Instruction is given also in method of keeping records of expenses and products of cows, so that the farmer may weed out of herd the unprofitable individuals and carry on his work ac cording to business principles, instead of guess-work, upon which he has de pended for such a long time and with such poor results. Factory systems of manufacturing butter are considered and advocated as a means of providing a better fin ished product at smaller cost, and re lieving the Overburdened farmers wives of an immense amount of drud gery. CONCLUSION. With our most favorable natural conditions and thrifty manhood, the lively demand for dairy products and by-products and ample transportation facilities therefor, the encouragement given the live-stock v industry by our State in fairs and schools, our nucleus of laws on the subject and our body of legislators, men of our own choos ing, waiting to do our bidding, to pass any measure we ask for the protection of the home industry, there seems to be no real obstacle in the way of the highest development of dairy farming in North Carolina. A great harvest waits for somebody and unless the people of our own State soon take up the work, alien hands will come in and bear away the sheaves. HELPING OUT THE SUMMER PASTURES Cor. of The Progressive Farmer. The success of summer dairying de pends upon the pasture first, and then on the way the pasture is helped out in the way of providing additional summer food. We have passed the age of dairying where a progressive farmer depends entirely upon a pas ture field, turning his cows loose there all summer, and letting them scurry for a living. Such cows live in clover the first half of the 6ummer, and near ly starve during the rest of the season. They grow lean and weak, and their milk supply gets smaller and thinner every week, and by the time fall and winter comes they are pretty speci- mens. A iarmer once told tne writer that he had tried summer dairying and winter dairying, and there was money in neither. Upon investigation it was found that his system was to starve the cows in summer for winter dairying, and vice versa for summer dairying. The results was the animals never came up to the mark because it took them half the season to recover from the starvation process. Whether you intend to try winter dairying or depend simply upon sum mer dairying, it is necessary to have good pasture through the summer, and in the late summer and autumn it is necessary to help the pasture out. This is simpler than many imagine. Some times it simply means fencing off a portion of the field so the grass has a chance to grow while the cows are feeding on the other part. Constant daily cropping in hot, dry weather kills the grass and keeps the plants from ever getting any headway. If the pasture field is sufficiently large, fence part of it off in August, and in this way keep it green and healthful. Also be sure that the weeds and briers are kept cut down. Do not let any of these go to seed. Their spread will ruin a pasture lot quicker than any thing. The cows do not disturb the weeds and briers, and consequently they have the opportunity to grow and thrive while the grass has not. At least give the latter a fair chance in the race. Help the pasture out with ensilage and corn stover crops. Do not be sparing with these even in summer. They may save a good deal for the late fall pasture, which is oftentimes more valuable to the dairyman than the early spring and summer grass. A little system like this will go a long way toward keeping up the quality and supply of milk and cream, and at the same time preserving the health of the animals for the fall and winter work. WILLIAM CONWAY. Deafness Cannot be Cored a local applications, aa they cannot reach the eased portion of the ear. There is only one way to core Deafness, and that is by constitu tional remedies. Deafness is caused by an in named condition of the mucous lining of the Eustachian Tube. When this tube getsiinflamed 'On have a rumbling sound or imperfect hear ng, and when it is entirely closed Deafness is the result, and unless the inflammation can be taken out and this tube restored, to its normal condition, hearing 'will be destroyed forever; nine cases out of ten are caused by catarrh, which is nothing but an inflamed condition of the mucous surfaces. We will giro One Hundred Dollars for any case of Deafness (caused by catarrh) that can not be cured by Hall' s Catarrh Cure. Send for circulars, free. F. J. CHENEY & CO. , Toledo, O. 0 Hcfttl br Drosts. 75c. Hall's Family Pills are the best. LIFE SIZE DOLL b ilLL. cow fit Dolli8." Girls can get this beantira) life Size Doll absolutely Free for eUing-nlyfour boxes of our Great Cold A Headache Tablets at S6 cents a box. Write to-day and we will send you the tablets by mail postpaid ; when sold send ns the money (11.00) and we will send you this Life Size Doll which to iH feet high and can wear baby's clothes. Dollie has an In n iff mi ii i ti i tt a n.u tr.ia Boer Cheeks, Brown Eyes. Kid Col ored Body, a Gold Plated Beauty Pin, Red Stockjiprs, Black Shoes, and wfil stana aione. This doll ti an exact reproduction of the finest hand painted French Doll, and will Mt in a child's memory long- after child hood days naTe panned. Address, RATIONAL KZ21C1XS CO., Con Ctct 242 NevKavaa.Cns l! A i You need light to raise . Tobacco profitably. Be sure your fertiliz er contains at least 10 per cent Actual Potash from Sulphate. We maO free on request, our book "Tobacco Culture." GEB2XAN TTAT.T WOBKS, 93 Nassau Street, New York. Giant Flowering Caladiura Grandest foliage and flowering plant yet introduced. Leaves S to 6 foes long by 2 or 81-8 feet broad: perfectly Immense, and make a plant which for tropical luxuriance has no equal. Added to this wonderful foliage effect are the mammoth lily-like blossoms, 13 to 15 inches ion?,snow n plant, but as a pot plant for large windows, rerandas, nails, or conservatories, It rivals the choicest palms In, TiO' loiiafe, to By not inns' or us ma rr.uiceni nowers. xnnvea In any soil or situation, and grows and blooms all the year, and will astonish everyone with its magnificence so novel, effective, free srro wine and fragrant. Fine plants, which will soon bloom and reach full per fection, Z&e. each) a for fiOc. ti for 81. O by mall, postpaid, guaranteed to arriva in good condition. OUIt GREJLT CATALOGUE of Flower and Vegetable Seeds, Bulbs, Plants and Bare New Fruitajpro f usely Illustrated; Large Colored Plates : 136 pages; FEEE to any who expect to order. Many great novelties. JOHN LEWIS CH1LDS. Floral Park. N. - LEAD, KINDLY LIGHT. OILY 18 CESTS. Calvary, Jerusalem, Bock of Ages, raimg. la raioma. Nearer My God to Thee, and 1.000 other vocal and instra mental 50 ct music at only 10 cts. Send lOcts. for sample copy and catalogue. FIEDBONT feuSIC SB., Wlittei, I. C. Double Daily Service Between New York, Tampa, Atlanta New Orleans and Points i South and West. In Effect Hay 26th, 1901, S8ITHWAII. Dally No. 81 Lv New York, F B R 12 65 pm L.v Philadelphia, P R B...... 8 29 p m Lv Baltimore, PR R........ 6 45 pm Lv Washington, P R R 6 55 p m Lv Richmond, SAL By... JO 40 pm Lv Petersburg. " 11 81 p m Lv Norlina, " 3 05 am Lv Henderson, " 2 80 am Lv Raleigh, " 8 48 a m Lv Southern Pines, " 537 am Lv Hamlet, " 6 SO a m Lv Columbia " 8 40 a m Ar Savannah, " 12 10 p m Ar Jacksonville, 8 50 p m Ar Tamua " 5 00 a m No. 81 Lv New York, N Y P & N.t7 65 a m Lv Philadelphia, " 10 23 a m Lv New York, O D 8 S Oo...f3 00 p m Lv Baltimore, B 8 P Oo............. Daily NoTzr 1210 860 640 1101 240 827 555 623 740 980 10 60 105 452 915 640 a m a m a m a m pm pm pm pm pm pm pm am a m am pm 41 No, 865 put 1123 pm. t 680 680 940 1211 215 855 618 10 50 805 1015 142 846 823 800 pm pm a m pm pm pm pm pm p m pm a m a m am am l.v wasmngton, w a w o a Lv Portsmouth, SAL Ry... 9 80 p m Lv Weldon, " 12 18 a m Lv Henderson, " 2 45 a m Lv Raleigh, " 110 am Lv Southern Ptaee, " 6 07am Lv Hamlet, " 7 23 a m Lv Wilmington, ' ......... Lv Charlotte, " 10 01 a m Lv Chester, . 10 20 a m Lv Greenwood, ' 12 22 pm Lv Athens, M 2 40 pm Ar Atlanta,! " 8 65 p m Ar Augusta, C A W C 5 10 p m Ar Maoon, C of Q 7 20 p m Ar Montgomery, A & W P... 9 20 pm Ar Mobile, L A N.... ... 2 65 a m Ar New Orleans, L A N 7 80 a m Ar Nashville, N C A St. L... 6 40 a m Ar Memphis, " 4 00 p m lOftTXWAIi. Dally No. 34 Lv Memphis, N C A 8t. L...12 45 noon Lv Nashville " 9 80 p m Lv New Orleans, L A N 8 00 p m Lv Mobile, N A N. J2 80 a m Lv Montgomery A A W P- 6 20 a m Lv Macon. C of Ga . 8 00 a m 1 iV Augusta, C A W C. 940 am Lv Atlanta, J S A L Ry 12 00 noon Ar Athens, " ........ 2 48pm Ar Greenwood, " ...... 5 01 p m Ar Chester, 7 03 a m Lv Charlotte " 7 25 a m Lv Wilmington," 8 80 p m Lv Hamlet, " 10 85 p m Lv Southern Pines," 11 28 p m Lv Raleigh, " 129 pm Ar Henderson, " 2 50 a m Lv Norlina, S. A. L. Ry 8 34 a m Lv Weldon, " 4 40 am Ar Portsmouth, " 7 00 am Ar Washington, N A W 8 B, Ar Baltimore, B S P Co Ar New York, ODflB Co Ar Philadelphia, NYP4N,t548 pm Ar New York, " 8 40 pm No. 84 Lv Tampa, S. A. L. Ry., 8 00pm Lv Savannah, 210 om Lv Columbia,? 7 12pm Lv Hamlet, " 1085 pm Lv Southern Pines" 11 28 d m Lv Raleigh, " 129 55 LvlHendenon. " 2 so a m LvNorllraC " 8 85 am Lv Petersburg, " 6 49am Ar Richmond; " 682 im 1120am 680 am see 6 55 p m 825 a m Dally No. 88 9 00 p m 980 a m ISO pm 420 pm 8 00 pm 11 23 p m 2 01 am 4 10 am 5 20 am 810 903 1130 105 200 810 560 655 a m am am pm pm pm pm am a m a m a m am 1 610 8 00 No. 66 ( C T ) white, with a rich and exquisite fragrance, jflanta Dioom perpetually all summer in the garden, or all the year round in rnta. Not onlr la ft the trrandest crarden or lawn 800 740 1145 4 40 800 8 49 10 42 U68 12 43 2 47 881 705 1125 266 680 am pm p m am a m am am am pm pm pm pm pm am am TFrV.nnvc enpr on ourblcycief'L Rll itino nnnci Scentto. p t P Second - Hand $1 to U all makes and models, good la rH,e ilipjESi ACEUTS WAMTPn xlubMMinpto. Sm.bioyol. P cr. cycle effrstm THE ! ..TOURIST SEASON... OPENS WITH THE MONTH m JUNE AND Uj! The Southern .. Kailway... ANNOUNCES THE SALE OF LOW BATE SUMMEK EXCURSION TICKETS FROM ALL SOUTHERN POINTS To the delightful resorts located on and reached via its lines. Tickets Nov; on Sale. That section of North Carolina known as , THE LAND OF THE SKY AND THE "SAPPHIRE COUNTRY" Is particularly attractive to those in search of mountain resorts, where the air is ever cool and invigorating, and where accommodations nan ha l.j KTs ilttV either at the comfortable and well-kept Doaraing nouses or tne more expensive and up-to-date hotels. Additional Sleepers Go into Service From Various Points to Principal Eesorts, thus affording GREATLY IMPROVED FACILI TIES For Reaching Those Points. Particular attention is directed to the elegant Dining Car Service on Principal Through Trains. The Southern Railway has inst is- sued its handsome Resort Folder, de scriptive of the manv delicht.fnl re. sorts along the line of its road. This folder also gives the names of proprie tors of hotels and boarding bouses and number of guests they can accommo date. Copy can be had upon applica tion to any Southern Railway Ticket Agent. For detailed information as to rates. etc., call on nearest ticket" aeut or address, T. C. STURGIS, C. T. A., Raleigh, N. 0. W. A. TURK, P. T. M., S. EL HARDwTCK, G. P. A., Washington, D. 0. Grow Grosses and Raise Cattle Examine agricultural statistics and see th high rank North Carolina takes in yield per acre of grasses and forage crops. Don pare her advantages for stock-raising wlti those of other States. Froflt by these .facts. Grow grasses; raise stock. And whether yov have few animals or many, yon cannot afford not to read fciv.i mi Fcraga Ptats of tb M, Y J. I. KILLCBRCW, f tla Ualvtrslty at Tiiiiimi. It is a oomplete manual of the cul ture of grasses'and forage plants of the South. It oon tains about 140 pages, and is written in a style to be understood by everyone. The book discusses the character istios of the principal prasses, the maintenance of pastures and mead-'' owi, leguminous forage plants, wild pastures, etc. It is fully illustrated with original analytical engvavingt by Scribner. our ereateat errass ex pert, and embellished with a large number of naif tone cuts of neio operations. Killebrew' former work on qram it now entirely out of print and brings $S a copy. This new book con tains all the information in the for mer work, re-written, and embodie the results of twenty years' additional experience of the writer and all tht information obtained by the experi ment stations and the United State Department of Agriculture. LOOK AT PRICES: i!) copy of "Killebrew's Grassei anau orage urops to any dress for only 25 cents. Or one copy Free as a pre mium for $1 in new subsorip tions to The Progressive Far mer. Or one copy with The Pro gressive Farmer one year c any address for only $1.15 Address all orders to The Progressive Farmer, y, A f We have 30 copies this valu Jj- able work on hand, and, until V. fnrtTiAi TintiAA will gend one