Tuesday, September 1, 1903.
16
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NOTES ON THE SUNDAY SCHOOL
LESSON FOR SEPTEMBER 6.
Death-of Saul and Jonathan. '
1 Sam. 31:1-13. (Read 1 Sam.,
chaps. 27-31; also 2 Sam. 1.) Mem
ory vs. 6, 7.
Golden Text : There is a way which,
seemeth right unto a man; but the
end thereof are the ways of death.
Prov. 14 : 12.
Intervening Events. Tired of
their outlaw life, David and his men
go with their families to the land of
,the Philistines, and settle in Ziklag,
remaining a year and four months
(1 Sam. 27: 1-7). David's deteriorat
ing character displays itself in acts
of cruelty and duplicity (27:8-12).
The Philistines invade Israel, David
being among them (28: 1-2; 29: 1-11).
Israel is demoralized, numbers com
ing to join David (1 Chron. 12 : 19
21). Note the horrible position in
which David has thus placed himself.
Providence helped him out. The
Philistine lords distrusted him. He
went back to Ziklag, and had to pur
sue the man who had burned it (1
Sam. 30:1-25). Returning, he com
plimented his acquaintances in Judah
with presents from his spoils (30:
26-31). Meanwhile Saul consulted
the woman of Endor (28:3-25). The
next day (19) the battle of Gilboa
was fought.
Time The year that David be
came king of Judah, perhaps 1063
B. C. The Ussher date is 1056 B. C.
Many give the date as more than
fifty years later.
Place. The Gilboa hills, rising
from the valley of Jezreel.
Parallel Passage. 1 Chronicles
10:1-14. There is another account
in the first chapter of 2 Samuel.
Verse 1. General account of the
1 Ail. "XT tin i .t
oaitie. xx ow: vnne tne various
experiences just recounted were hap
pening to David. Perhaps the battle
occurred the day when David reached
iklag with his spoils, and sent com
"imentary presents to his friends in
idah (comp. 1 Sam. 30 : 1 and 2
im. 1:1-2). Fled, ... and fell:
at after a resistance so stubborn
that the Philistines seem not to have
been aware of the magnitude of their
victory until the next day v. 8).
Verses 2-5. Details of the death
of Saul. The battle went sore
against Saul: Literally, "was heavy
"unto." That is, the fighting was se
vere. This clause says nothing of
disaster. The archers found him:
This is the literal and correct trans
lation, as opposed to "hit him" and
"overtook him" in the versions.
Probably they discovered where he
was, and began to shoot at him. He
was greatly distressed: Much an
noyed, not "sore wounded" (Old Ver
sion). What is here said concerning
the archers does not contradict what
the Amalekite told David concerning
"the chariots and the horsemen," foT
that belongs to a later point of-time
(2 Sam. 1: 6). Saul said, . . . Draw
thy sword, etc.: Thanks to the wo
man, of Endor, Saul has come into
the battle disheartened. Otherwise
he would have preferred to die fight
ing, and in that case he might not
have died. Eell upon it: Why stab
himself in this fashion, rather than
in some more exact and skilful way?
His armor-bearer saw that Saul
was dead: That is what ho thought
he saw. The Amalekite told David
(2 Sam. f : 6-10) that he found Saul
supporting himself on his spear, ap
parently in a reclining position, in
danger from .the Philistine chariots
and cavalry, and that Saul said,
"Stand, I pray thee, over me, and
slay me ; . . . for my soul is yet whole
within me. If this is the truth,
Saul's attempted suicide was unsuc
cessful, and he died by the hand of
the Amalekite.
Verse 6. However he died, his
dynasty perished with him. All his
sons who had any fitness for reigning
died in the same battle. And all his
men: Those who held official posi
tions, perhaps.
Verse 7. A result showing the de
cisiveness of the defeat. The other
side of the valley: To the north
of the valley of Jezreel. We have no
account of the Philistine occupancy
at any other time thus extending to
the north of Jezreel and to the east
of the Jordan. Came and dwelt:
This denotes unresisted military oc
cupancy. We are told how perma
nent the dwelling was. In them: In
the cities. In the parallel account
in 1 Chronicles (10 : 7) the pronoun
is masculine, which gives the mean
ing "among them;" that is, among
the inhabitants of those cities.
Verses 8-10. By the indignities to
which they subjected his body, tho
Philistines showed that they regarded
him as an especially formidable en
emy, and thus really paid him a high
tribute. Cut off his head: The ac
count in Chronicles says that they
fastened his head in the house of
Dagon.
Verses 11-13. Another tribute to
Saul from the people for whom he
wrought his first great public act
(1 Sam. 11: 1-13). Burnt them
there: To prevent their falling
again into the hands of the Philis
tines. There is here no necessary im
plication that cremation was then
customary.
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