18 (2)
Prof cocoe1 rJacQcy'o
Editorial Page.
The Southern Farmer's Needless
Burdens.
PROGRESSIVE PAIUIEIl X.ND 'GAZETTE.
the best of work. lor there la a spirit abroad In wasted hillsides In northern Ohio, and southern
the whole South to learn better farming. Illinois. Bad fanning in the hill lands of soutS
Issachar has burdens enough without that of ern Illinois has made poor, gullied hills from rich
lack of education that causes him to pay tribute ones just as It has in the South, and I saw In Ohio
burdens that the special Interests have laid on us where they had plowed straight up and down hill
all, and which we hope the whole country will and there was a gully In every -corn row. '
soon shake off. But the special burdens tnat we
Issachar of the South Is bearing, can be shaken
off by education. Let every farmer see that his
son has an education for his life "work if he loves
h a farm and wants to stay there. Do not think
fSSACHAR IS A STRONG ass crouching down .V tne farmer of aU professions, needs no edu-
II between two burdens, juia ne saw inaiTeot
JL was good, and the land, that it was pleasant,
and became a servant Into tribute . : - ;
Henry Wallace, In Wallace's Farmer, makes j
this a text for a sermon on the burdens that the .
common people bear from ; ac- r
cumulated - and organized cap-r
ital on the one hand and or-.
ganized labor on the other. 'I
want to use it to talk about
education The , Southern: far- -f
mer is Issachar'tHe knows '$
that he has a pleasant land, but
like a strong ass, he has been,
crouching beneath two burdens
the lack of education, and
,: peof. W. P. massey; tne tribute: he .pays to the.
Northern farmer for things a good agricultural'
That Farmers Want to Know.
N THE FOLLOWING paragraphs, taken from
- letters written In answer to the lnauirieo
cation. -He needs a broader one. man tne lawjer jl Progressive Farmer and Gazette readers
or the doctor, for "the art of :farmlng; depends on j possibly, you may find an answer to some question
somany of the sciences that a man need be expert ' that you. have been intending to ask:
to several of them. - Let the Farmers' ' Union; use
its influence with the Jeislatoralo g colleges : p crimson clover In early September, and if
always do 'halhe : farmers ; want it sort will not do well on an acid n I
wnat mey wnuu
Issachar may be strong but'he has been an ass
too long carrying needless burdens. Let us shake
them off.:
good time; to apply lime ' will ;be as soon as the
peas are cut;. Spread" 2 5 bushels of freshly slacked
lime per acre, and harrow in lightly..
7. , '
Notes libit ARecent Issues."
You can sow rye at any time from September to
Christmas. If you wish to improve the land and
.Z..rJXdi: Z1lL,uJ1.VJi:: . , sowomethlng in the cotton, for a winter cover,
N VIRGINIA: last- week I saw 'them "barring- yoii shuld"wf imion cIoter,ir poulidr pi seed
off" corn. and like Mr. Frencn, lwouia use to "r w"y'" ",u,cu
vnTB- whv thpv do it. I BUDDOsV because will not need to use any "more, but if the
education would show-him how to raise f-Um-;:eTea;.'dOMnd-th'eir cot
'self. ' . u t them going through .with the little plows ton, you had better apply some acid phosphate
. VS'x ,J : "where there was little or no grass. Looking from between, the' cottonr rows broadcast. - Sow the
I can well remember when four of us with a "'the tralnI wished that r'could stop and tell these clove?; after corn; andj cowpeas in September.
President opened the North Carolina A. & M. Col- hnw mnch nPAdlfiss labor they were using, That is, sow the-seed among the. peas. Then you
lege In Raleigh, with one' lone building standing :frt, i, inri ws Htrht. arid level and i a weeder . will have the best thing for sweet potatoes next
. . . . - , --o . - . ... . J X
spring, sow ; me ciuver, seeu, iuu, or rye, a iter
peanut and sweet potatoes. It will probably be
rather late' for the clover, and rye will answer aa
a winter cover. "
on a barren hill covered with brickbats and rocks, wouid have enabled . them . to run oyer so rapidly.
where now, the beautiful lawns and parade ground And then, just as I was pitying the men who were
are. I remember, too, that at that time the farm- narring-off the train passed a field where I saw a
ers sent tneir sons tnere witn tne strict injunction
that they were not to take the agricultural course,
for there was nothing for them In farming. One
man going over bis corn with a .weeder and anoth
er using - a weeder across the sweet potato rows,
and I thanked Heaven that the leaven is taking.
I am rather, puzzled, to know how the practice
man who owned a good farm, was. living in an The men who were using weeders I know are not of applying a second dressing of fertilizer origi-
; ofllcial position in town, and said to me that be eoine to use a turning plow in their fields; and 'nated.-; The only thing that may have a good ef-
ere long their neighbors will learn the advantage rect irom aressing aunng tne growtn 01 tne crop
of the weeder. Then I saw three hands thinning is the readily available nitrate of soda. This
cotton where a weeder had evidently been used simply promotes more rapid growth, and in land
across Ithe rows, and again I felt thankful that where cotton makes a good strong 'weed," I do
some sire finding out the better way and"do not not believe that It pays to use the nitrate.
! to know what course of study was best for them.
I suggested the agricultural course. "No, thank
you, they could get enough of that at home, but
'there is no money in farming." .
Then we were watched by the other colleges
: with a rather jealous eye, and the farmers of the
'State apparently had no sympathy for our work.
But the college lived and grew. The farm papers
'and the farmers' institutes educated the farmers
and infused new ideas, and 'by degrees the intelli
gent farmers came to see that there was a need
'for-education of the men who are to build up the
waste" places and redeem the lands of the South.
' -Now the Farmers' Union is the first of the farm
ers' organizations to really take, an active Interest
'In agricultural , education. When a Farmer ?'
iUhion, ' like the tne In 'North Carolina 'last fait,
! puts' up 50 to pay my t expenses there to have, an
have tp hoe off the crust around the cotton on
high beds. ,
; - .SOY 1 BEANS OR COWPEAS. Mr. Zeno Moore
think that the soy bean beats the cowpea. Well,
nthinff to sav azainst the soys, and am
For alfalfa, I would advise sowing peas,
letting them mature and turning them under in
early September. Then apply 30 bushels of fresh
ly slaked 5 lime per acre " and harrow it in w elK
Give the neas a dressing of 400 pounds, of acid
only too glad that men are taking more Interest phosphate and on sandy soils 50 pounds of mu
- in legume forage. But I can get more feed on an rjate 0f potash per acreT and it will all be there
acre from peas than from soys, If you leave out for the alfalfa. V Never -sow5 alfalfa ; In spring, but
the hard stalks that are not eaten, nut eitner ; aiways in September. Use 2 5 pounds of seed per
peas or soys followed by crimson clover will en- acre.
ahle a farmer to get rlchj and make his land rich, j
If properly used.
, The planting of. the early potatoes that have
Via an Iranf fn trA atnfa era Is o nar font Rll P.fiSS. &U&
SAVE PEAS FOB SEEIK The farmers who!. M good5 lt not better, Beed thu 'ho
ifnat4tiitA 1 la svIJahaa nf Va at snl t4.' . 4-k .4- 4.W . ....... . . . . . . i Will K1V a!
" "v"xmvuu have grown no peas ior seea ana wno mmn taey real second croD and Dlanted in July will make
! ganlzation. Issachar Is feeling his Oats, and is
' determined to stop paying tribute to the North. !
And what is the way to shift his. burdens?
i Education and efficient training in better methods,
jand compact social organization among farmers.
; Issachar is a strong ass, but there ia no need
ot hfTcarrylng needless burdens. Education will
(enlighten his, mitfd and, organization will give him
power. The burdenj of ? poor farming is due to
lack pf knowledge or' better methods, jand the
'( poor farming is the cause of; the burden of the
(tribute to the Northern ' farmers." ' Education will
'clear him of the" burdens, and 'organization will
not only help him in business matters jbut will
tmake a more sociable man of him! . H :
The farmers of the Southern States have gotten
'new ideas in regard to the work of their j colleges
can' not afford to buy the seed should study what
a larger crop and , better for table use. I would
Dr. Butler says. The Southern farmer cair not In a deep furrow and cover very light
afford, not to sow peas and feed them, and no
Southern farmer " need ever have to buy thej
seed, but should have them to sell regularly to ;
the people northward who find it hard to mature'
them and to those down on the Gulf Coast where
they do not .seed well. The sugar planters of
Louisiana always buy them and never fail to use
them.
t; : : ' i - - & - - '-y.
"REFLECTION ON THE SOUTH." Mr. Poe
Is right in what he replies to the one who objected
ly tijl they grow and . then work' the earth to them
till level and "would not hill at all as we do early
potatoes, the object being at that season to retain
moisture. : '
The "green brieris really the tuberous-rooted
smlla?. -The only thing to do is to keep the tops
cut ofjf and never allow them to make green leaves,
and the roots will finally die. I am fighting them
in my! garden an; this Is the 'only' way I know.
lacking and lagging behind other sections. The
staff of The Progressive Farmer and Gazette are
nearly alt: Southern-born, and even Dr. Butler,
thrinirh nnh horn In th ' South' i hftR hp.An ro IrlAntl-
of agriculture, and in most.of them the students with Southern interests for so many years
;In agriculture are outnumbering, those jn other that he is a real Southerner and as anxious as are
courses, lssacnar is gradually throwing, off one
'burden that will enable him to .throws off the
other. "'''-:'''; ' -'
. ; . . Infill -vt.
is ngnt in wnat ne repnes to me one wuo oojecieu "-.-'i -w r " : " ' i; ,,; ,t root
to what hfl thought was a reflection on the South. " is useless to grub them out, for eyery cut roo
We need of all things to know wherein we are 6Prout. but no, plant can long survive u "
auowea ,to ma&e green leaves. ; .ui u' -out
any .that I can piiir up, but It is seldom that
you can pull them. Nothing will overcome them
but constant cleaning off of . every shoot that ge
above; grqund. .i ;:, ,;.v:,1V' : '
' "
It la believeii that the continual application o
acid phosphate" brings about acia conaiuuu
we who are native to the soil to help the Southern
farmers to better and more profitable practices.
Personally, I have given my life to the work of soil that are V unfavorable, to legume Acrops
and-
Any joung man of energy and ". Industry, who quainted with the "farming of other sect ?ulT! ad
. loves the farm can now work his way through -the a ,nAAf -mitoit . an fA.tr r A thft hoaDhoric acid au
. - , , - , xvr r but. v . v uvvu iuuwu A iugi uvuiu tU yiib Ulo vm i a viuyo vuaw a
. titv t , ,proDaDiy any farmlng where It ; should - be. . Let us get the the sulphuric acid Is set free tna-vom
i ?? - ? n0W most 8rely needed Southern lands where there can be no "reflection" with the lime in -the .soil, . forming rBulphate v
lake tnft TTftrmprfl' TTnlnn f(ifa tiAhlnil 'fh i Ji ; Li..iL .n ' '. . ' . . .. j t .mnAtan the BO
North
of the
Is to make the Farmers' Union a force behind :the ;t0
rurai Bcnoois. to compel the, teaching of the ele
ments of agriculture so that those who' cannot eo
tj.. i . v " " Boutn na Aaa a Hard road to. travel, but she is ' P'X Hmo .to aweeteo.tiie son anu
hin i iTu I.. ii , VZ . vue Breaie8t getting there,"jand I only wish? that I could live conditions favorable , to tne iegun,r.
help in this educational work of any organization : to MA hr w th hni- 1 'l: .vwk v.t-. - -
in the South. TMc ! a 1 : . . """" lttlUiluB. a
m w iiuio in luh auHin ni inn en a- ihnnM
" BU BUUUIUl
'''i'''rnjnri"ernenherranliatloncanjdo
bout
.i-itn.rhild is a pe
" . " ; nivery unirameu ur mwu.v- - Qi.flte..
Ilutjatjearrwant to gay, I saw gullies and itlve drawback to the future welfare of the w