Saturday, ' August 17, .1912.
(5) '869
HOW TO MAKE EVENERS.
,Two-IIorse and Three-Horse Eveners Which Give Each .Horse
His Fair Share of Work- Some Devices Are Really Uneveners.
horses but should be kept solely for
three.
Eveners for more than three horses
abreast can easily be built up from -a jtr. Smith. In statlne the causes of
HARROWINGS.
By, Prof. M. E. Sherwin, North Carolina A. & M. College.
1
HE two-horse doubletree is the
simplest form of evener. With
this , tbe length of 1 each end,
" i.e. the distance from Nthe work ; hole
to each singletree . hole must be the
same in. order to give each horse his
either or the above models, tho fig- 1Y1 failures in the 'growing of
ure 4 Is a decidedly better form to vetch, on page 5 of the issue of Aug
use as a model "for a flve-tiorso ev- ust 3. also states the chief . causes of
w -r - .
failures v?ith the other so-called win-three-horse
eveners shown ter lesrumes. crimcon clover and. bur
- w w - - - -
seeding
singletree holes the amount of work ener.
' which must be done by each animal The
is not affected by one getting behind, above if attached to a tongue would clover. These causes are.
for in this case the . length of both 1 throw the middle horse squarely on , at the wrong time, and lack of inoc
lever arms diminish equally. ; : the tongue,, hence if used with ulatlon."
There are several; forms of eveners tongued implements they must at-
share of the load., If it Is desirable for three horses. The simple and tach at one side of the tongue to some
o'give one ahorse -.the advantage on
account of his. being light or soft, it '..
can be done by giving him a longer
side or, -wjiat amounts to the same -thing,
by shortening the other side. .
S3
Fie. 1
This is a common principle and prac
tice whicVevery driver understands.
- A fact not so generally known is
that the work hole should be' in line
with the singletree holes because if
not in ' line the horse that -gets be-
A
' . ;, I 1 " . .... v ; -
" - ' - -' .-
.- 1 - - ;r . , - ... -.- . ;.-.
7.
7
Fig. 5
light forms are the best. Figure & other part of the implement. When
shows the most common threehorse the evener must be fastened to the
evener. This is made up of a pair of tongue a different form of evener is
I
A- .
5
FifiT. 2
hind will do either more or less work
"than the . horse in front; Whether
more or less, depends upon whether
the work hole is in front of or behind
the singletree holes. - x
Figures 1 and 2 are given to show
how this is brought about. In figure
1 the singletree holes are at the back
side of the evener and the work hole
in the front side. If one horse falls
behind, as shown by the dotted .line,
1 he must do more work than the other
' ' '
, VI,.
1 ; 1 J
Fior.
doublerees, a singletree and an ev- used. Such a form is used on disk
ener only slightly longer than a two- harrows as shown in The Progressive
horse evener ; these all ; connected
Fie. 3 ,' 5-7U
But It is not always easy to know
what is the right time. If, howev-
er, these legumos are not sowed
early enough4 to get some considera
ble growth before hard freezes come
it is the part of wisdom not to sow
them at all. It is true that there may
be a scarcity of moisture the latter ,
part of August and first of Septem
ber in the northern part of the Cot
ton Belt, and while later sowing a
little later, may be advisable further
South, even then too late sowing is
the most common . cause of failure,
except lack of inoculation. We would .
rather take the risk of a lack of mois- -ture
than of too late seeding. v
It is simply a waste of seed to sow :
these legumes without inoculating' N .
the soil arid for that reason they
should not be cowed except on ti
quarter or half an acre "until a com
plete success and thorough inocula- '-
tion is secured. After they have once ,
been grown successfully then soil for
Jnoculating 'large areas is available'
right on the farm and when this is .
true we would use not less than a
ton of soil to inoculate. an acre which -m
has not previously. grown the crop.
Harrow would like to have a small -part
of the money that is wasted,
any one fall, in trying to . grow" these - '
crops in the South. He could put "it ;
to a better use. Not only are the ex
pensive seed lost, but those making v
the failures become discouraged and
lose faith in these legumes and those
who advise their use. Too high a . -'
value is not easily put oh a good crop
of any of these legumes, bufcjthose . :
who advocate their use will accom- '
plish more by giving Instruction on
how to grow them. In fact, we have"
had quite a plenty of advice' as to
what we can do and ought to' do and -now
need a little more definite 'nf or-.
mation as to how to do it. Sow at
the right time and inoculate. These'.
may not always be easy, but it is
wasting seed to sow too late and ' ?
without thorough inoculation. - By '
the way seed of both crimson clover
and vetch are probably going to be
Farmer of March 30, page 10. The
dimensions of this "particular evener
are given 'in figure 5. Theoretically
this seems to be an evener; practical
ly it -is not an evener for it gives the cheaper this year than for the last
single horse more tnan ms snare 01 iew years. iJotn nave been very
the work. Yet it was purchased with
the disk as shown on the .page and
issue of this paper above referred to.
It is shown, here in figure 5 to im-
prss upon the readers of this article
high-priced" for' several years.
horse as long as he stays behind for
the other horse then has an, advant
age equal to the distance a-b.
Davidson and Chase' have calculat
ed that with the work hole 4 inches
ahead of the" singletree holes one
with rings and clevises. The reason
for this being the most common is
doubtless because 'when not in use
with three horses abreast it furnishes
doubletrees for a pair of animals and
a singletree for one worked alone.
K X"- r : i'- H .'
horse eight inches behind the other Hence an evener with the work hole
must pull nearly nine per cent mor. "one-third the distance from one sin
This is equlvalent'to giving the other gletree hole to the other is all the ad
horse an advantage of 1 inches on ditional equipment needed for work
,a three-foot doubletree. " ' ; ing three together and this Is cheap-
H However; with the holes as In fig- er than a complete three-horse out-
ure 2, with the work hole behind the
singletree holes, this condition is just
fit.
A more easily handled three-horse ture
the fact that some so-called eveners
whjch are in use are not eveners but
horse-killers. ' -
Perhaps it would pay each man to
test the eveners before buying. This
can be done with two simple spring
scales. Hook one at (a), the other
at (b), figure 6. Pull the one at (a)
till it reads 25 pounds; the other one
at -(b) should then read 50 pounds.
If it does not, the evener is not a real
evener. N
Figure 6 shows the dimensions of
an evener of the same type which,
it Is believed, will give qual work to
each of the three animals.
Several, other , forms, of eveners
v;ork well on implements for which
they are made but often do not fit on
other implements. They are often
too complicated for home manufac-
reversed. In this case the. horse that evener Is. shown in figure 4. It has
A A 11 t m a " ' a mm ma'
.falls behind gets the longer leverage
and hence the advantage. The care
the advantages of being light, com
pact, 'and well balanced. It can be
Misunderstood. . .
"When Mark Twain wtta a voune and "
rul driver win, 01 course, Keep nis, made still more ..compact by laying struggling newspaper writer m san Fran
nimals as nearly even as possible in the singletrees directly on top of the !yih rToxunTeV wl Zlm
order to give both animals the same evener. Much of the usual dragging looking in a shop window,
amount of work, or else he will use and swinging Is avoided by using this youMwith,eamcfiar box under' 'iJSTSHLV
a -doubletree with .the holes In line, evener." It .should not be made to be " am afraid you are smoking too much."
If the work 'hole is in line with the taken apart for use with one or two Wain.' movlnfif
Mr. Latham say : "I have seen -harness
patched up with hay-ties and
other - wires 'until you could hardly
tell whether they had originally been
made of leather or of wire." Who
has not seen these same sights and
been disgusted at tlie slovenly spirit
which made such things possible? If
there is any one lesson which we
need to learn, It is that of neatness'
and care in our work and our living. '
Who has not seen schoolhouses and
courthouses reeking in , filth, pas
tures overgrown with -weeds, build
ings out of repair, Twith weeds and '
accumulated heaps Of trash making
the barn lots hideous. I have seen
land turned out to grow weeds at the
very doors of agricultural colleges
and back yards that were veritable
"Junk heaps." In fact, the trouble
seems - to be almost universal
throughout the South. We expect
this sort of thing among gome of the
people everywhere, but among Sou
thern farmers it Is rare that we see
conditions otherwise. If we can ever
learn how a farm ought to look, we
shall have learned a valuable les
son. If beautiful pictures have a re
fining, educational value, surely the
slovenly conditions around most Sou-'
them farms must have an opposite
effect . - . HARROW.
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