Newspapers / The Progressive Farmer (Raleigh, … / Feb. 7, 1914, edition 1 / Page 19
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A Reading.: Course in Agriciiltufe V - C By E.E. MILLER . - - - IV.-RICn SOILS AND POOR V . j t- f The Matter if Soil Moisture A "RlCn" Boll ls, to put It briefly, , which a-supply" can be obtained. It V one on which crop grow well; a is usually bought In prepared form .X JLpoor,&oUl3 one on which they, known as "acid phosphate" tr mere do not thrive. as, they shpnld. rThe ly ground up fine in its natural state richness of .a soll-or. Its rertlllty- : wh en ; it Is ; called "floats." - Other depends, upon sev- -.sources are basic slag and bone meal, eral thlnga, As . . Nitrogen !s a gas; and forms fbur- our. last article In--; fifths of the air- but trtanta W h dlcated, one of the .nitrogen from the soil and so it is an- ininga . necessary- tner-one of the cplant foods the w .uxv o.wm imuir Biusi iook;to.v wneneyer a ; ; tlle Is that It con- crop makes a poor growth, is yellow tali an r abundant or pale r stunted; it is safe to say - supply of the va- that: it is not getting the nitrogen' it rlous foods which; needs.: Nitrogen Isobtaihed c-'plants get from trate o soda sulfate of ammonia, the soil. The same cottonseed meal, dried blood and cv- article hinted also that; other things anamid, would be needed -to make a soil in en .directly fromithe air. ; 5 Stable aiid which cropscould thrive as the farm- green manures also supply nitrogen, er would. wish for.example, that the "Since this is the most costly of all soil must, alsp hold plenty or moisture. 3 plant foods and the hardest to keep to dissolve : this plant, food, . that " it in ;the. soil, ; it 'is a great ' thing for must be of; such texture that the; air? banners, and for the whole world, could circulate freely and the plant . that one -family of plants, the le- roots make their way , through and gume, are able by the help of certain that It must be a good home for t the bacteria! to get nitrogen" directly from bacteria which play such an Import-' -the air and so to be able themselves ant part In changing the yegetable tomalce. a good growth on soils de matter in the soil Into forms that ficientn nitrogen and also to furnish will enable, the " growing plants to thisfood for other crops5 at a very The Plant SWoiistJoa .given t to . this wonderful legume ,z J- family j for it is of sufficient import TTTB HAVE seen. that plants get sev- ance to deserve it. ff eral elements they, need' as tood;v these in which the farmer is especial- TP ANY of the foods the plant needs ly Interested. These are nitrogen, are lacking.in a soil, then the soil is phosphorus potassium and- calcium.; "poor'-. to that extent And the farmer The others' are fortunately all present! must, supply .this food if he .is to" get in such -quantities that- the "farmer " good: crops. We have seen, however, need not trouble ' .with',, them; , but ! that all these foods must be dissolved many soils do not have enough of therln-the soil "moisture before they, can four mentioned-at least not In a be used by the crops, and it is there form the plants can -use to mafce fore necessary for our 'rich" soil to full crons. V "-'i - - - be a .good water-holding soil. . : , Prpbably the' last named, . calcium - This - means , thatrit mustvbe - loose or lime is not often needed sim- and "fine. Since the soil water is large ply for plant food and.it Is usually ly held as ; a -film around each-tiny annlied to the soil for others nurnoses. V soil grain, It", 1b evident that the We have seen, that it helns loosen smaller, these- grains- are . the larger tight clays, "and-strange as It may wU be l their total surf ace area and seem, it is also useful on Some sandy" the greater .the amount of moisture soils to ' bind the r soil, grains ,in6re" thus., held. This is why- a loam or closely together. "'Then soils some-,Jlay soil' does not cry out as quicKiy .times get souw--that isr'containrtoo ot as, deeply as'a sands soil- y. much acid for the bacteria to thriye 1- Much water is also held in the tiny or some crop' tdo;ell:hd:11me'ls'aplUar7 tnbes" between .the - soil applied to such soils to sweeten them: " grains,' and' since it Is the special bus Indeed, this is 'its . most , common use. iness of these tubes to. draw, up in a Lime is usually obtained from: lime-vdTy time the -water .that, has.gone - stone, from shells, or from bones. All "down into the . subsoil when, the soil of these may he -burned' or simply et the more of these tubes, and ground, fine without burning. The " the finer they ;are the. betterM If jthe clovers and ome grasses; such .as Teader will take two glass tubes, one bluegrass, are" especially,- particular .bigger than the other, and stick them ,- that the soils Cin" which they sgrow ' downnio a' bucket . of water, he will contain plehtyof lime. ; ' . . see"that the terTwill rise Inboth Potassium-or "potash," 'as'- we : of them higher than it. will be on the , usually . sayls a "food especially outside and that it .will "rise higher in needed by starch-forming plants such the small tube than in the laTger one. as the potato; J It also' helps stiffen - These, tubes are capillaries, and, the the straw of grain crops," adds color' capillaries in: the : soil, woTk;' exactly . and quality to fruits and enters into ' the same way: ; r When we; comedo almost every part of the plant. Clay consider the cultivation of crops, we soils are ns a rule well supplied with ' shall -see how capillariescan dry out potash, while sandy soils are not,' but a solTas well as supply - it molstuTe, thcra DrA .'PTMKHnna tnvi. Vnio and whywe-take such pains to keep .When : potash Is" lacking - It ' must' the ground about our crops covered 1 . w Buppnea ny xne use or jeruuxers.: .liU n ia'c 1 Most tintafih f a ' In : Ti a f Arm rxf Vo i!t Anotner tning ' neceOTary w uia .muriate or sulfate of potashr.ail of our soU hold moisture weU is that it which -come iromtGermany. Wood have a-.gooa supply uuwu-. ashes and tobacco also contain con- . humus ' helps' make , the soil fine and . siderable' potash. 'A- - -.1' . adds'to he surface, over;vrhich the , Phosphorus Is used-by plants only thin- filnTpr sofl water': will pread, ' In a combination with oxygen which' and to'toto . Is 'known -as -phosphoric, acid.- so we greatholder of water far .better than .speak, usually , of' crops needing1 the minerals .part jf the phosphoric vacid-- Instead of-phos- Ofcourse, If. the.sop U tp hoia aH Phoms. Phosphoric add, Is iBA:llBm: especially, by, the plant -that is fora--" ingjeed-or, grain. When the wheat, thai the p ant . roots can i 0 downed .or corn does not -fill onf- prbpcriy thus have .JW':.'6? and the grain' is shrunken 'or chaffy,- and so -that there .v in J we know that " phosphoric acid .Is cistern; so td speak Jtaj - - needed, Agreat mahy' soils are lack- ies to pump water from when the dry ng In this, element but fortunately venther n' K;t1r there are in several Southern Stafes - , Land-with , a shallow, surface , soil vast beds' of phosphate rock. -from- ,1: t (Continued on page.41): mmmmmmxmwmm Your Sleeping Schedule to Big Pig Ben will wake you early enough sands of successful farms are ran on a for profitable before-Dreakfast action, Biff Ben schedule. Ha starts you off right His gentle sret-up a "smarts the day ; with & flying start on thousands of farms."; jfFi For your accommodation he rings ' TWO WAYS. He'll get you up by de-. . grees br in a hurry. 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The Progressive Farmer (Raleigh, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Feb. 7, 1914, edition 1
19
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