Newspapers / The Progressive Farmer (Raleigh, … / Feb. 27, 1915, edition 1 / Page 5
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ltorday, February 27,4915'; . I lit LIU V .. J T . - , " ' " " mmmmmm, . U UUJV & W- '. ' ; - Articie.No; 9 jm "Diversification and Independence in 1915! ByT AIT BUTLER ft rTAVlNG sold our farms : piece and divide by 17 to reduce it to nitrcK ed with stable manure or when ap TJ meal by selling too large a'part gen. . - .? . plied; to lands rich in. decaying vege- table matter or .humus.- There islit- 'a and having also allowed: the : most cases, .Nitrogen-containing ma-'' fte "such land in -the South and plow wu nnr soil to- wash and terials.hke cottonseed meal; tankage. inS under one crop of cowpeas , or f Y av we must " noWJ'buylthe'm- blood, fish scraps, etc., must decay other. crop, . ill not produce' suitable nc. . orfvaneed oricesThis in the soil before the-' nitrogen thev" conditions for the use .of ground mole truthful statement of why contain is available for .feeding? the phosphate .:rock on most Southern 18 must now buy commercial fertil- crops. These materials usually decay soilsY Phosphoric acid usually costs VC in such large quantities. v 1 fast enough to feed a crop 'having a 'four cents to five cents a pound in 'fit having elected td sell raw pro-' Jong growing period; like cotton and acid phosphate and mixed fertilizers, A l rather than grow feedstuffs. corn. ' Nitrate of soda, sulphate , of and one cent to a cent and a quarter I'eu finished products ; or in oth-c ammonia, cyanamid; etc.; ' are more : pod in ground phosphate jock. , ana sc ... .. . : ' j forma nj:i,.:oiMa M.iukti. . , Potash is -deficient in mnst snndv Wemeal' and having allowed them for feeding quick, growing "crops, soils, especially those of the South- in leach and wash awayP rather than These are also suitable, for feeding eastern states It is usually present rover the cultivated lands - with 'win.- glow growing crops, if put on while .in, sufficient quantities in the heavier ; ;.rrnns leeumes we must the croos ir errowine: . ,'. - . clay, or clay loam soils if it were only U buy back at least a part of what In mixed fertilizers the source 0f aykllable in uch form that the we have sold, or allowed to escape ;the.nitrogen is not always known and Pnts could use itr which,, however, otherwise, in the form of commercial such case the' amount of nitrogen is not .always the case for certain fertilizers. guaranteed is the important point. . cropslike tobacco, truck, fruits etc. In this trying year of 1915 it is np : AWhilc nitrogen is needed for the V?x "ot nerly needed for theory, but a .eriou. condition which, proauction of the whole plant, those general field, crops west of Alabama, confronts us. -If a. judicious use of , Joils which pfoduce a large stock according to resu ts of tests made by commercial fertilizers wilLenable us . and heav folia f a dark green the experiment stations, except that to produce our crops more economi- color-generally may be assumed-ta se5ms to,reduce e ury "?t cally or with greater net profit-and eed nQ fertilizer containing nitro- ton ir. ruJ on S0lls. wherc this d,s" all past experience proves that it will gen In other wordSj a plant which is :ease is troublesome, -then it is not only ridiculous it is - making a vigorous growth and is of For general use the per cent of pot suicidal, to allow misguided advisers, a darjc green coior may be sumed ash in a material or a fertilizer is the or prejudice, or false ideas of eeono- to be receiving the nitrogen needed, important point in its purchase, a my to prevent us using .mgac whiul- itr ose n costs from 16 to cents a pounu oi poiasn m Kamu, manure ers whicnwm increase our jiei proms. p0und usually around 20 cents but it is generally thought that the sulphate is the best form for tobacco, potatoes and a few other crops. Owing to the European war . potash is scarce more or Mess and very high in price. : Mixed fertilizers may salt, muriate or sulphate being about The low price of cotton is not a no11nd. Most Southern soils are defi- equally, valuable for general crops; guuu ivoduh iw v-."& w -- - cienc in niirogen. but it is rather a good reason for .us- - ' ' ' 1 ' inc: fertilizers. But wtf should "use Tt - 4 . only such kinds and such quantities HOW tO Buy PhOSphoriC ACld as the increased yield usually obtain-. BUYING4phosphoric acid the " per -td-will-make-profitableatpresentJ,c:nl. available is the imoortant mat- prices of crops and fertilizers.- pr Tn miflrnntees th nhnsnhnrir corifairiMesOhanSu'alnhisryear-aTid This is no time for buying plant ;acidhat is guaranteed as soluble in may bg more or less difficult to buy foods not needed,, nor for paying watery citrate soluble, and: reverted except in mixed goods, or at least it more for our fertilizers than is nec- mzye assumed to be availableMost will be higher in price. It has usually essary. " , 1 Southern soils are deficient' in phos-'cost around five cents a pound, but it s " , . ' ' phoric acid. "The application of some may ; cost - from -seven cents to ten Home Mixing a Local Problem material; containing available 'phofc- cents abound this year.', T . , ' ' . . 4, phoric- acid will, therefore," usually "-No one can state what quantity of HE question whether one should - pay but on sonie soils if will not and. fertilizer should be used, When pro buy and use ready-mixed fertiliz- , for that reason every farmer should- ducts are -high-in price a' given. in ers or should buy the materials need- do something towardi finding out the t crease in yield , caused by the use of edand do his own mixing is always an needs of his soils. by making tests, fertilizer will pajf a larger net. profit, important one; but it is an individual t0 a limited extent at least . - , As a rule while the per cent of profit question to be decided by, individual. T. . ; . . . , . is less-the net gain is higher when conditions The man who knows suf- XXr -rather liberal amounts are used on irlfi truck crop, Corn wUl iiu nil 1 111 111 iiiiruiwriniu i nil m. a a. mm a a ma ia w MMa . cons, erable quantities may well ZJlTJfl.A tiwwl ties of "commercial fertilizer on the anora to do his own m xing: But the -?'7 1 T --. -- overage farmer who does no possess to fru.t properly may respond profit- the knowledge necessary to buy the J?A materials udic ous y and mix them " J" " .. and.th.t tX.' ,re relativelv ntelliffentlv nr' ti,. ..... source of phosphorus for the average We. sou ana tnat tney are relatively only 7Z VZhks Z TusuaUv find Southe farm"- contains from U- " ".V "P0"?? j aiiidii quantities, will usually rind nhn;rthnrir acid and more be used than is needed by the advantageous t0 buy ready.maae W p t o.Pho nc acid anj . they appliedi goods. B the an - .---o"-- o t. - ... .1 - Wmrl nf l5nf fnnrl ac a- o-fnfra1 rn e. : consequently -larger quaiuuica, cape-, uymg cooperatively for cash and -T nr,;,. ,.; kc dnr cially of phosphoric acid than of ni- c using of only such plant, foods -Thomas phosphate is less readily -trogen are generally used. , the mnct 1--: "".v"" '" available tnan in acia pnospnate, Dut - : Zl oSeco rSfS Nitrogen May Be Leached Out ' does home -r'ge floats is tiU cheaer Per Pound and fITROGElJ is leached from the soil The mncfm-XmS ; . still less readily available. Because IN and much of it applied is not recov- Winirnf 0l.,mpCi-,t.ant P..-oMta cheapness, however, it is the er'ed in the crops, and, because of this buy or L i material is to best source of phosphorus when mix- and its high price, it is important basis of the plant food it contains; o do this is not a difficult matter. If ' ne buyer only remembers that "per hLmtT "per hundred"; that fo that 5ne'lPer Centof nitrogen means he p 10? pounds 0 the material " t i, aar.e 4 1pounds of -nitrogen then relat?vSimple 1?atter to calculate. the 2 ri lsC0StT,Of nitroen 5 diffefet -other t. H same, applies, to. the mmn USid t0 measure nitrogen the pTann;V -if m one material ammonS I ln pother Jn' terms of tipiyT 18 nly "pessary to mul .lilPfr cent of ammonia by 14 J!1? ?T!clM 111 run throughout being: 6 next two articles in the aeries March fi t " er, Farmers. P1ntlne. Calendar for South- March '. .. h:' '-V ,';-" . uatlon. oo Preparation: li Half -(!u)-. 'COMPOSITION OF FERTILIZER MATERIALS . "v.: v .. .. : - .. ... . 1 ; ,t Per Cent or Pounds, in 100 ' : ... MATERIALS. . : . ; Nitrogen Phosphoric Acid Potash , ,. ,. ... .... . . . .1 Acid Phosphate 1; 1.-1... J- 3 to 18 Basic Slag..;:.......,. :-- - - 18 to 20 .... Ground Phosphate Rock I.............:... : 26 to 32 .... ; Steamed Bone Meal 2 to S 204o 25 . Raw Bone Meal.:.............. 3 to 4 21 to 25 ,. Dried Blood (high grade)....;..: ............. 12 to. 14 .......... . . Tankage (concentrated)......-................-. 10 to 12 2 to 3 ;, . - Cottonseed Meal....:........... ................. 8to6.6. . 2.5 to 2.8 1.8 Cotton Seed............ ,3.2 , lo 12 Fish Scraps ..... r ......... 8 to 10 6to9 . Nitrateof Soda:.....................,.- ' to 16 ; .... V? Sulphate ot Ammonia.......-...-...:.----.--- .'. to20 -r- Cyanamid 15 to 18 ..a; '. Kainit ' - 12.5 : Potassium Chloride (muriate):... ' ' g! Potassium Sulphate.......... ... - . r, Manure Salt.......... - ,- . . v, V - (5) 193 that too large quantities be not used and consequently less generally is ; used. ; But it must not be forgotten that most Southern soils are deficient in nitrogen and when used Jntelh"-' i gently no plant food ; gives; better profits. It requires , nearly 1,00Q pounds of a fertilizer , containing 3 per cent of nitrogen to furnish as much nitrogen as is contained in 30 bushels of corn'grain. But even if this -amount of : nitrogen were - applied to -an acre of corn, the corn plants would . not be able to get nearly all of it, sd .it is apparent that; the entire needs of the crops for nitrogen cannot and should not be supplied in commercial form, but must be obtained through the growings of legumes which take nitrogen 'from the air to use in their growth and enrich the soil when han dled properly. ,For row crops, like corn, cotton and 'toBacco,, best results are obtained by putting the fertilizer in the drill. For broadcast crops or those in narrow, drills the fertilizer should be distrib uted broadcast. " ; r Since phosphoric acid and potash are not largely leached' from the soil, they are better put out at or before the planting of the crops, because : they can be more economically put ' out at that. time. 'When moderate . applications are made and the source of the nitrogen is cottonseed meal, and such other materials as must de cay before .the nitrogen becomes available, the nitrogen may also be applied at or before planting the crop. But when large quantities oi nitrogen are applied, when the rain fall is heavy, the soils sandy, and the nitrogen in a readily available form more than one. application should be made to a long growing crop or the ; application should be made while the plants are growing and able to begin taking it up as soon as available. , ' IJnhuvinff fertilizers plant f oods"are usually, obtained for less,; pound, for pound, in high-grade goods than in the lower grades.' . It is ; not usually 'economy to buy low-grade materials or ready-mixed fertilizers- because they are cheaper per tori; it is better " business to buy the high-grade goods arid use less per acre. '. : . Don't buy' fertilizers by the sack, -ton or brand, buy theni by the pounds of available plant foods they contain A Great Believer in Crimson Clover I BOUGHT my farm of 90 acres three years ago and when I began farming on it I found the fields. so 'rocky that I could not use machinery on it. So I began hauling off rock and making rock dams on the crek bot toms. Next I found my land.washing away, as it is rolling, so I had to run terraces. Then I made my first , crop and came out short, as .my land was poor and all my best land grown up in briars, bushes, and such like. So I began to clean up briar patch es and sow red clover. I soon found that crimson clover did better and paid me more than red clover. I am. still clearing new land and I now have all my land except three acres bUWll iu Siuan idiii nu viuvu( My experience is that crimson clover .with all manures applied as fast as made and turned under for corn and rye sown and turned for cotton is the most sensible and most profitable way to produce those crops. I find that it pays well to haul out all ma nure as fast as made, thereby dis pensing with the old way of hauling out in the spring time and strewing in the row or in "the hill. The first year I made about 10 bushels" of cprn to the acre. The past year I averaged 37J4 bushels. ' ; I find it pays never to plow land wet, but by. plowing when dry and hard I have gotten my land so it 'does not break up cloddy. I sow and plant all stubble land in peas as quick as I can get wheat and oats off, and mow inera ior nay -auu mwayo svv seed enough to plant and some to sell. .. '-.'-V. '".i: ';'. J ; : R; A. HUNNYCUTT, ; New London, N. C. - -
The Progressive Farmer (Raleigh, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Feb. 27, 1915, edition 1
5
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