r r 02 '1 JI Vol. XXXI ' No, 37. SATURDAY, SEPTEMBER 9, 1916. $1 a Year;. 5c. ii Cory Timely Farm Suggestions By TAIT CUTLER 'dentbr early in ; the spring, grazing There 'is md .d nnht Jbuf todsrxis ; , ; may Te practiced without? injury to . In the "United States Are in the "same the yield of seed, -and sometimes the "direction as 'has Teen the case in the i yields -may rrdbably he actually in-- older -couirtfjes. - Tenancy is in ere as- ' creased .thereby. ;But, we must ad- iag, .the ownership- f, ithe "iand is mit that as these crops are generally massing into ithe thanriVtfif -the few, ' ALSIKE clover does well on those the cnop of 1916 mss senerairy a fail-grazed -in the South this grazing is and the masses .are met orJy ' lismg j , lands which have: proved fcest for --ure zshonld not: be given too - great -probably a considerable -injury, taken -possession of tthe iland but arefcgcly - ; lespedeza the 'moist lands that are r weight, for "failures jm iheoatxrop - as a whole, deavingthe country and irotngld the. rather fertile,; according to ' Prof, when sowed early on; .good Jand -are- Our pats -are generally -sowed too cities and towns. When the popnh- - - ; Martin' eUonCtQtuotithetAr i-extremelyjar,,-, , late, ana it as xwninat.iate seeaea uonjnciteafifis fiumtirtlytto3nakeithe - wneat or,, oats snouia not De .grazed, ..demand or greater toon .:Sirpplt2S 'Our -winters -are open and -wet, oat pressing, ;it. wHl bs i axecessary ito iput V sand 'wheat fields are 'generally sofVimpre of rthetoeonlc back ion itheiial "- , : AccAnfia1 tn n tmofl r rnn fnf In. . - ' 'iTIiirtt -' "' -irnot actually wet. audit rsTJuitecer--' &; owner?! fnr xrht ma11?frrr pedeza, but f sfilK it co vers and W" de and tbe 71, 22;" may It r "n 5' .'P- ishes some feed on aurthin dry .lands. -J. -Hllcaiirraai rir fr flmre sowc.dt0rats nfl wheat are unjurefl man, ihfy shave always j-esuUed n a . ' amonthe.girb the "pemliybyi or tevy greaterfood Production .talcas a , Lack of Capital a Serious Media South as arot fully appredaied. ,Fsw T-wr n' nr 4. K' gZlU H0net0 ' - it -' -i4,oiw ,4ttU. It, -however, the oats -or wneat is seheck tfhe tendency 'toward.. tenancy Southern Tarmrg - realize tthe f ardgTEss of ttas owea afly ,ana inide witit3rf8 -b;Gorne ry audi - WE OFTEN s hear 'it .BUttdihEt:SriS 'c land is sandy h -more acute than at Trsent. Un2er i - farming requires kss capital '1!: XT and ? at ndther these conditions .we must face the!;'. other lines of business, but this " " o wewp-nor tnesoii-is ; miirred Uy the -problem f evolving a more -saftsfac 77 . tramping ot tne animals, tnen Tstur- -tory tenant system than now exists i-incas Exoeriment Station, On, the 5rdf o m . at WoA Being 06 W Cirls' UUHS " .j T7--r ; -..-7 . .. " .. tUdU UlllU -w "w. VrVCti-hPrn tfltfX! 1 !ttf ".ri is not generally true. Indeed,: it -is" Tis cammig probiems; 10, ,rrnnPmu .telief wiich eo!s a J.:r"vr?.7 CI "7riV.r.. K aavisaoie, oecatuetne leed-se- dfa higher --type of agriculture 'is to w "way toward toWtar in rZI" w vfIoe ? of ftea.- ; ; . ; f i nui n.i r in it ir.-vr r. u. farming. . , . . . f tention to bread-making; -nd. 858 are To do work economically a large ' enrolled in mother wofic ; t. ' -.4 investment in iarmdmpiementsj isaiow 5t is probable that any materia1 change in -our present -tenant 'system. necessary. . Economical production is . Ty'? the fcyltothlanffloidslld Tenants become mucl1 more intelligent, a. hih no longer possible without a compar- wti -?7tllhirs . . . . - - type of 'tenant agrtculttrre, seems; -nn- ativelv laree investment in machin- r61" lA11 " 1 " 7 b 1 f""1"" " X possiDie. me ignoram ivegro Tenarrc, LlnT theyears-to come tm the -farm homes A greatest impor importance to the devel- rn agriculture. In - 1 vestment in proportion : to crops prft duced. There is' probably no one de tect in southern larmrng, "wnien ' is more largely responsible .for -inefficiency and failure than lack of capi tal. Capital is riot only necessary for farm equipment, but -the - amount ! re quired is- increasing eveTyryear. and the advantages of .'sufficient capital to take all cash discounts -are yearly 'be coming greater. r.i."-' We not only need more capital -for successful farming," but" we need very much more capital; to such an extent that those without capital must e-ven'-ll tually be forced Dut .of business. The farmer without capital. can no more compete with the man who .has, than in other lines of production, and the more quickly this is recognized. Ihe larger number oJTJailures will .be avoided. , ' . - . Fall Oats Will Pay You TN THOSE sections where forage crops are short this season, the .op portunity to produce early feed ext spring should not be overlooked. afr ly fall seeding of .oats, barley or wheat may enable one to harvest ai early crop of hay or grain. When He rusi-resistant fall varieties of ..oats are sowed early 'SUCCESS WILL DEPEND ON WORKING TOGETHER" - "For ThU Reuoa," Say .Dr. Warren H. WiUon, Senw at ' Honor and Obligation Is Essential to Success" This Week's ."Success Talk for Hoys" ' '. ;AAfi .i; (-;, i!f., x. .:,. n.-.':.,, , ;. :" v-JRe!V.' Pr; WATfen H." "Wilson, author of this week's "Success Talk for Boys;' Is "-one- of th piost1 forceful ot 7present-ay . wiaters speakers n rtrral jpnjtflemB. He -1- in" Ctorgef cOMtttry aDhureh. work of the Northern Presbyterian Chureh .and .author atiseverait notable books, .including "Quaker v7Hni,! The !hTirch tJlrttre Open Coun try;" 'The Bvplttfion itrf the Country Oommanity,'- "trhe ehnrda trthe Ctenter,-" and "The Second iMissinnary, jAdwenture." ;Nxt weeKa- ".Success Talk" will be by 'Herbert SUCCESS in the future -mil fle penfl n .Twrorkmg,, together. Therefore, the boys of today must learn obedience and subprcli-; nation to one another, m , ordef that as they grow up they may co- -in tb xountryr Y'W annst "the a laithful 4o the mgmBBient lie makes with Ids feUowrammaers. , t, :: J; , : Cmmtry dots must 3aain 2o use ifhe !,nucerials at iianxL Tins is the ecstaic of .living sncoessfutly operate, If farming s vcr to e a master -occupation the farmers Tnttst cooperate, find their wn leaders, -and stand by henu : : 2. A enSe of nonor-and -obligation is -essential to success, for the -same, reason The farmer of '50 years 'ago needed. to 'be independ- 'ent and nad to decide everything for himself. tThe JfarmeT erf today ' needs to deliberate and to femam icreator. ou jnust take idirt and make sxf it Irving , things -and ven -human health and courage. : 4. - The -cmmtry -bey -mtrst respect himself and noy Jumself. He must stand on his own feet.' He -must not be afraid to be poor "or to live close, -and lie must Tcnow how f to enjoy his Tfif e as nt is, and to think it the best life m fhe world. WAHREN H.W1ISQN. 1 4 -whether he pays a casli rental -per .-acre or is -a-'Sliare-croOTeT'wHr'notTi" : do good farming, unless an 3ntelB- ' gent landlord tnamtams a close and direct supervision ' of his operations. " This the -.average landlord is not .albie - v nor willing to don hence, there is "not V -much prospect of 'improvement :in our -cn-ant'farminjg. Any great improvo-' -ment is Impossible until "the tenant Tbecomes surncietrfry intelligent to do " .v -better f arniing, -or trrrtil the owner is . j r abb and willing lo Hntroduce and -mamtam a :sarls factory or .ehicient . system xri farming and 'give such su- ' ervision of it as :may be necessary, Our tenants are "largely ignorant 'Negroes nut there is no .good to come " from denying the undoubted fact -that v our landroxds -are "about as deficient' -as landlords as are -the tenants.'. Most . 4 'landlords arje !not willing to jprov'ifle X--the builtfinjgs, fences, etc., necessary - v -for doing good farming, and knowing ; -the. inability - of fhe average Negro -tenant to pay rent-; with any other . crop than cotton, the landlord is.nat- . nrally unwilling to encourage ,any , - other; land jo! farming. ' . - To talk about a'long time ,. rjsnaniB jil ' system and. an intelligent' and.inc' ;Vv I cessful ' ienatft , 'agricultur.e' mJttit'&M JSouthT .under ' present ' cbridifiojis.ijs 1M largely va was t of ' time, because ;an , jirrpossibility. "!NeHneT.',thB';tehani'4iic .' ' ine lanaiora nave eiiner ine aouiry r. i and the seed treated estimated. 'There-is but onesenous fact, there is probably no more in A, wa ;':fi a.- tor the tirev.nfintCnf-- enmt aoh or tftrAnw-ln ifKi wnrlr.' vand-. that is jsortant --orablem to Dcsolvea m orner - - -j iv-e -i-A Tl ,o ViB-'iiTA Utra T nfa 4hnri-'4f tAae tmit :ir-l.r:tl nritir tfiA tT1 "Hllf Sothem "aPTlCUHUTe On "U r. iwi- - 4 - i " --.''ife as reliable a crop as we, have. Late" that it does not reach rvery girl in to put Southern agriculture on -a. sowing and ooor lands, nonrlv ortv pverv home throughout the ' entrre" ound 'basis. But' the conditions -are pared, are the chief causes for rfail-" South. - - ! ' ' r ur.es of the oat ".crop. uch as to make it -quite Impossible, at this time, to foretell the solution lor our troubles 'arising tfrom "our faulty ;terrant 'system. - An excellent farmer .recently it- farming.; The landlord Tiavlng good business 1 udgmeht will ;either';.continr ue -the : 3irSEnt isystem d! cotton p farming with; Negro tenants ; pr. will ellhis land and invest it In jifher in dustriei f or lie will jpyeliis personal I attention to the running pfdiis lfaon,' g "!. It , ; i 0ats should be quite largely grown Pert urinz Oats and Wheat Intended on every farm, because they are in - , tM themselves an excellent 'forae eror, ioraccu.- but more especially . because being J READER wishes to lenow If we marked to ihe writer that good iarm- therel)jr:: mig.2t'':ic:oyM'- ft-' I sowed in the fall they form a cood" advise the pasturing of oatsand ing was not possible -under our sys- troduce ja system .of firming ihat will - ' Is wver crop to prevent cashing and wheat that -are sowexi to e narvesx- tern 01 -snare 'cropping. me, same increase rsofl fertility, Jmd: make' tM.mm leachinff Hnri'nw ir, -Um. rt fnr !ip1- ! will be eauallv true 'when the ten- gxnrnia,Jt-i--fvRt in-tlU o ...' ; .aii ivi nuu . 'i, ' ' ,va iuiu -vi uikuoitu puuiwiviu w iw jiiuse they are sowed in the-f all when If the oats are -sowed late, or if the ants aje negroes ana pay casn rent., tify giving his attention to.it. : iarm work is not so pressing and hart wheat is sowed as late as generally 'In fact, -with ignorant Negro tenants . xhe reatesl imiuovement.in caiea atter the rush .of st)Tin? nlant-rlvicpl tn r namaw .Tiv the arm tne tenore or xne iease ior oniy- intr thnp-V fntrtr -In n for Jng is over, farm.; ac flw Thev also fit well into -a Wfcin ' w An -nnt advise nastur-- "one year, tenant - farming js . almost. double cropping system, -which is es--mg. Neither do we advise pasturing certain to be-ineincient and .unprofit- through -the laixdowneVho Jwes ;etn S !entlj?1 t0. the best results, in 'South- 'these -crops' when the. land as soft or able farming. . - he intelligent :white; 1 armmK.. Oats as the,, only erop wet, especially by laTge arumals like Tenantry is , increasing and will tenant who : has 'an intelligent .land n an entire year are not 'eattle and horses. Nor is it advisable eontinue to Increase until something , lordiind it must be Emitted that prontable, but there is ampletirrre af- to pasture -at all, -rmless care is talcen is done "or-vjfime ?condidoiis er the oats are, harvested to growJa ; not to -graze these rr ops too. closely which wiH; enable" -the man of small rare in x'omparison. A Jonger , term "op of soy faanVJespedeza.nt cease :pastnring sufficiently means to regain .possession 4)f he .for thet lease is desirahle .anHihe pes ' 1 -'.yfj'. 'early in the spring. ' .' : ' , land. The iiistory of land ownership leas.e ninst provide lor'ithe .iacreaie'' i cr.P that eovers the tand toihi;It' requires" considerable xare to in all lands is -that it Jasses'into itJUe sriil jfertility jma way thatis fair '.to": tht winter, furnishes a f air amount ' graze these crops and avoldt all dam-: hands of t the few.'As., this condition the tenant and will still jiot ;cosi"ithe.r, f excellent forage eaTlymrhe sum-age from the tramping of the stocks becomes xxtreme and the population landlord Job much; J)uXil&ese'wiIl;n.v mer and gives an opportunrty for the and Irom too close-croppLng of the and the snecessity . fdr a larger load" come, Indeed tTieyare 4mrmssible,;nn-', growth of a-legume -crop the" same plants. ' C -' V ' . supply become greater, marry nations til both tenant and inoUordire lel yar is certainly one windi should re-; jOn .the '; other liand, if .flie proper"' ihave found , it Advantageous - if , not ; tei - .educatedalqng agricultural iines. cei -more consideration at the kandV .care is .taken, :the crops are sowed absolutely necessary to take stepsJfco .'"v t " 'J. ''.'J.--. '" : ; t Southern 'Jarmers.' The ?act -that tarlv. and the'jcrrazinff ceases sum- nlaee .the people Jaack on the land. - aihe inen ho Joui ai .to.jsoawjBssa, '-t-.-f.ii- 1, r .