1076 (4 2k JVhai Farmers Want to Know Dy W. F. MASSEY tion of bone . dust .ok of ' acid phos phate aijd resow with, a mixture of rlO pounds of 'orchard grass, 5 pounds of redtop ' and 10 pounds,6f Kentucky blue grass an acrehelorcHafd grass and redtop will come on at once and make; a shelter- for the, slower i blue T'THE PRptjRESsiVE.FARMEj -grass which vyill finely make th Then do irot imagine that 01 . field will remain pt0du ve tUr.e -itableJf'nothingisdonefoH, andyou can maintain !so7inSS Sapling Clover plants in open furrows in November, : " ..Via" fiirrnwc rurtnincr acf .nnri 'wfst WE HAVE about, eight acres of d the plants set ten inches apart. W sapling cloyer frorn which we These will usually winter well and cut a heavy crop in July,and the se- rhead iri early;spring, and they too cond growth is now a foot high. gef the. mtrate of soda as soon as4 Should this be cut for cow 'feed, or the start in spring.' will cutting damage the next season ; . $500 More a Year for the Average South- emrarmen: BETTER METHODS OF LAND RENTAL FOR LANDOWNER AND tfkta - .By PROF. W F. MASSEY. . "WANT- crop My experience with sapling clover is that it seldom does much after one year, and will hardly amount to much next, season. Just as well cut it and feed it. Crimson Clover 'WOULD it. be .advisable to; sow crimson clover as a cover crop to turn under in spring north of the northern belt shown in the map in your Clover Special, especially in Al bemarle County, Va. ?" x There is no better winter cover crop for any section from the south ern tier- of. counties in Pennsylvania southward, and no better : soil im prover, especially; when iised in con- ; 11. it . Lespedeza in the upper South nection witn tne summer , grown, ux ..i.-f . r... r.ii cowoeas and- sov beans. Crimson raaKcs a nne summer anu lau uas" , . . . ' . ., .ture, but cannot be relied on as a hay clover,is in ,very: general use in the ; n Avr in tf, lnwr Qnnth Mnf ; OUUlflCril CUUIIUC5 VI jrcuilsyiVdilld. . . Lespedeza for Hay and Pasture T NOTICE that lespedeza is. highly - A recommended in The Progressive .Farmer. Is this crop better than; or equal to crimson clover in a rota tion?" 'v:-' of the lands in the Piedmont country are already well set' in lespedeza as far north as the Rappahannock River, and it will generally be. found abund ant - on stubble fields after oats and wheat. But it cannot be compared in value with crimson clover, since it is a summer-growing plant, and de- .pendingentirely on peas and lespe deza for the legume crops will leave you without a winter cover, and for this purpose there is no crop equal to crimson clover for the South. In all -the southern r half of York County, Pa., J s aw n early every corn, field green with this Clover, in win- ? ter. The middle of that tier of couri- ties east of the mountains seems to be about the northern limit " of its success." Wants to Grow Fall Onions T WISH to sow or plant a fall crop J. of onions that" will make big bulbs; I Please tell me ; the kind to Lesnedeza has now her.nme. so well plant," how to plant and cultivate." attached to the soil in all the red clay You cannot grow ripe onions. .this sections east of the Blue Ridge that season by plantirig now. ' Of course it is seldom necessary to sow it. It they will grow and will keep on t.- J i. 1L.1 ii mi L' ornwi'tKr raY flirnnorri tliA -winter iias uuc auvauicigc iiiai it win gruw o---"o v.c,.. v.. in a shade. I have seen it growing Y can plant in September sets of over ankle-high in a pine thicket in the Yellow Potato Onjon,:juid they Davie County, N. C, and it seemed to will make fine ripe onions by the first be making a better growth there of next June, and are the earliest ripe than in the open field. I once sowed -onions you can grow. This onion is lespedeza seed among the broom- always planted from sets, for it never,, sedge " covering a ; rocky hillside in niakes seed, but. makes offsets. at the; .Virginia, which was too full of fast root which are used for sets. Plant rocks for- plowing, and it grew arid in very rich soil in rows 15 inches'- ran out the broomsedge and made an apart and keep clean of y grass land excellent pasture on that, hillside, and weeds till cold weather,and:then they I have noticed in many places in will be helped by a mulch of manure w m crnnnpr evetpm cn Inner nrn r- ' and Pnor! tpnint . , I ticed in the South and the crop it on the same terms. Then f -om !f A lien have be"en.the ruin' of land profit? of the crops; of which the ti l and tenant, and .should be; forever ant received one half, farm after abolished. They have made the ten- was boughtrand tenants were readJW ant the slave of the landlord and, the tound until7the owner finally had 56 merchant, and have ruined lands that - farms: Q J will require "years of patient farming -270 acres each, and was assessed at a to restore. IThe cropper would be. far million dollars for taxation. Tenants better oft working for wages and sav- -lived on those farms for. thirty ears ing his money .for the final purchase or more, and; many of tliem bought of a home, and the landowner would 'amis of their, own and rented them ; make far more from his land by equip-;.pn the same terms while they remain--ping it. with - decent, dwellings: and - ed on the rented .farms till their own hariis whpre'men with mearis'noiiG'h "-farms had been brought im tr, o to farm right could be induced to live. .Jar condition. When the owner died A one-sided- rental plannedf only e was a multi-millionaire, and as he for the immediate, benefit of. thilatod all owner, and a, rental Jroiri year-to been made at farming, for every farm year, giving the tenant no inducement ad been ; bought from the profits to farm- in an improving way, wilt nwder 6tii;the: previously purchased never result in the improvement of ones. This great estate has now been the farms, nor in profit to twner or divided among the hirs, and the' tenant. The ;terms of land rental -same system will be pursued by each., should be made fair to both sides, and A System Fir to Renter and Land the duration of the tenancy; should - owner depend on the way the tenant .farms TM' AM n . . , and develops the product capacity . rnLfulT? Ti -r mC!l of the soil, L it hL beln proved that 7 ? caught the idea and such rental system cabe-iade A"1.1" nrnfitnKlA- tn thp Innflnwn the ten, "" ;,fUU "reu cumparauveiy t v--V, .v. - ant and the land. Two Wise Landlords "young left fifteen farms for his heirs 'to go on with, and which are now be ing managed by his son and the sys- , tem still carried on. The tenants are .western North Carolina where it has . driven out the broomsedge. On very strong bottom lands in the upper South it may make a hay crop, but its main value in this section is as a pas- between the rows to be worked in. in the spring. ,.,-- Grass Failing ture plant: In all the lands where les- I nAVil asoaneia in tne upper pedeza, commonly known as ' Japan Piedmont section ot Virginia clover, has taken possession, it wiU which, has not been broken for twen- grow among peas where these are .ty-five or thirty years. Until 1914 it sowed, for, as I have said, it does not was a splendid blue grass rsod, tut mind shade, Hence I would always then 1 noticed that the soil ;haL a sow peas or soy beans or both mixed crust or mold: on it and; seerhed-ead and not devote a whole geason4b;lesV. pedeza, and would always have crim. This: season has been very, favorable, son clover as a winter cover. ' but the grass has done very little. I ' thought -I Would try lime, and would like tbf -know- how . much -to jiise an acre." -. - ' ; -V4'. '- T AM' going to sow half an" acre in . The rnain difficulty is - that, like ' 1 lettuce seed;" I will break it good- niany othersy you hve thought; that and deep -arid "cover it with manure, .a sod could take care of itself, and drilling the horse manure in 18-inch did not realize that in grazing that rows; cover with'a' drafe "arid drill the sod for twenty-five or thirty years seed and thin, to 10 inches apart. ThiK you have been exhausting the soil, is on low muck land, rather moist but ' especially in; phosphorus, for every not wet. Shall IfSow in beptember animal tnat maie its 'bones trom the Growing Fall Lettuce or late .August?" ?: : ' grass carried i off . the v phosphorus.- For a-f all crop mr the open ground That you, cannot eat a cake and keep ' the seed should bel sbwed:; nugusi. mine wcic mjwcu iuc iiniui wvp. vn"i6 wwps ui aujr oui i iium the month. T findTthat it is best to land without returninsr artvfhini?. and transplant rather than ' thin where keep the land fertile and productive. . sowed. I set the plants in six-foot I know hill lands that have been in beds ten inches apart each. way, and sod for- 75 years and pastured every manure heavily with manure that has season, which will today make more been piled and turned all summer till grass than they did fifty years ago. : fine andrblack, for fresh manure will But these pastures have been top- , not answer half as well. Then as the dressed every spring with raw bone plants start to grow I sprinkle ni- meal, and today will fatten more than. ' trate- of. soda between the rows twice a steer" an acre, ; j "to ' push;' them rapidly along. You -Your grass has. simply run out be- could hardly get good heads outside cause of soil exhaustion. Liming the from sowing seed in September, -1 sod will do very little:good; The best use. for .this crop the Big Boston, thing.to do will be to break the land m Then in September I sow seed of the deeply and harrow in not :less than a Hanson and .wonaertui and set the ton of lime and give 'a liberal applica- T CAN point, to Vat; least two: wise " M"'aQ on- nfle tenants are l-i-Mvwt;A-CkV;?n a small flock of sheep aires since theyGviUW f and rerrtirlg: farms-'oM fd ewhf at' ant feedi em off for the manent-;renUl,:Vawhosc?tenahti And !" fevery made monev while" the fertility of "ere has been an effort to make the the farms increased through a wise contractus fmdu" f l Tl Y m? Z to the method of farming. Arid this ants, who know hat they will reap was in a section wherewheat iand 0,1 torn ar the main sale crons and' no anUreater crops, since their tenancy torn are, the main sale cros. and.np ,d nd oii the. skn, and attention cotton grown . . , ji 'they give to the farm. Some have Thirty or forty -years ago a merr ' died on the farm arid left the tenancy chant , in .- a . country town saw that t(j their sons and the family remains much-of the land in his section waS , right there as though they owned the not being well cultivated and that the placed farmers who were - renting land did suc'h a system would bring wealth not have a fair chance either for tp ian( . owners and tenants alike in themselves or the landlord. He plan- the cott'0n country, and could be made ned a method of. improving rotations there with the great Southern staple with grain and clover and stock, :and even more profitable than in the bought a farm, put the buildings all in wheat-growing country where it has comfortable shape, and then offered been so successful.' to rent.it to a good tenant who had But it involves the expenditure of means and stock for carrying it on n6ney by the land owner in equip according to his plan for. v improve- ping the farms with dwellings in merit. ; He found a man who would which good farmers will live, and in accept the contract, with the - agree-;' volves a fair 1 give-and-take, with a 4nent that he would never- be moved strict contract;" as to " the farming sorJong 1 as he farmed in accordance methods 4 V ' ; ; with the contract. ; , . - . . I i should have: added that in the - The tenant was-required to furnish - rental mentioned the" landlord furn the stock "arid labor arid pay iforhalf ishes' lime when needed arid the ten the fertilizer used on the wheat crop, v ant spreads it. -The tenants fully un the only place where i was to be derstand the importance of liming at used. The landlord was to furnish -least once in- five or six years, ana comfortable dwelling : and sufficient icriow thatwhatever is for the lm; banr rooni; etc.' Thetenant-was ito provementot he ' soil will increase 3uvy a wiu.rrd iii ciuvcr every ineir prouis on iuc ... n year ariday for'the seed. The Undr Farms in rtheTSouth divided into lord burnished fencing material' rind - areas oFabout 250 acres of cul 'the tenant ;huilf the fences.-T-hedari svStem ,1 lord .furnished paint , and whitewash made a wonderful-source of Proht and the tenant-applied the paint, to ihe land6wners .who have meansnd the dwelling when needed and the their veuipment, and tenants cou whitewash to the outbuildings. , The then take farms with the certainty u tenant. paid no rent on any of the permanence and profit from the stock he raised, and he owned all the provements, until they couia v clever hay, corn stover and straw so farms .of their own. Such a sysr iuug as t;c iea it on tne tarm and 'would encourage me uuj6 . spread the manure on the corn land the tenants; and render a tend annually. He had his'choice of farm- fife one of: hope, for the future, , . . A. rill 1 1 T 1 -.i MAAAtID III i SLi ' ' j. t. . . . - .' . tit . ..i-M 4-n farm hi a mrcc-year rotation or a nve- ne men witnout mca" -y j1iaiiy year one the first; involving but one could work', for them and graau j field sowed annually-in clover and accumulate, stoclc for renting in the other, two fields in clover arid - same way 'and "finally. "become ia grass. ' 1 - : . ' , . ' owners.- If is the-test way I kn0 The immediate success of. this first, for the gradual'independence i o . farm' led to the .purchase of. anbther, renter'andlfortune to the. lanaow