Newspapers / The Progressive Farmer (Raleigh, … / Feb. 24, 1917, edition 1 / Page 11
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Saturday. February. 24, 1917 (11) 251 HOW TO GET RICH LANDS VI. Soil Watting and' Leaching: Their Relation to Soil Fertility By B. L. MOSS great deal more .care, else heavy losses may occur. Nitrate of soda es- B Y SOIL washing, we mean the ly influences the degree of loss from .sandy, open subsoil be rapidly carried downward out of reach of the plant roots.especiallyif very heavyrains fol-' pecially should not be applied until low shortly alter it is applied. Organic the plants are ready to use it, and on nitrogen, such as occurs in cottonseed " very sindytsoils the other forms of meal, dried blood and tankage, is nitrogen as well. cannot be safely ap leached out much more slowly, since plied except around the growing it is insoluble in water until convert- crops. j : i i i t a i r a rr . i ow!v V,v nratpr nf i u a , .. 7 . cu "J"aie nitrogen Dy cnemicai o. nnomcr jacior aneciing tne "rZ JXlrT which takes place relatively amount of plant foods lost by leach- uic u 4,-...- v w- Wi ,MUJ aiHiauu mucu mure man any slowlv. inir i climatic mnriitinnc. In tho fr. wh!itvr j.1 e t . .. o 1 " , uiucr itom leacmne. wnue a stirt ciav tr.-:. ir with these, of course, if 4Wrfs thev may contain. Leach ing on the other hand, is a term used to 'describe the" process- by which water, in percolating through a. soil, carries with At some of the' valuable plant food contained. . ;4 Our Enormous Loss Frpp Soil Waging : (com leaching, while a stiff clav Rvnprimpnfc (iqva ctirkurn ftiat titriA tnn R1t wfitr tht winter rfiinfoll spil underlaid with a tight clay sub- is leached out of the soil fairly rapid- heavy arid temperatures relatively i1 "J?,7 s??er scarcely at aU- ly when "other conditions are favora- high, chemical action in the soil may . Z. The kind and form of the plant ble, while phosphoric acid and potash, continue through the winter, and the food m the soil is another factor af- because of their becoming "fixed" or nitrogen thus made soluble is often iecting tne degree ot loss trom leach- lareelv insoluble in the soil water. ... ... . .... - - pa-51 Fair List Priceslr: 1 II ll !b?imp ISsicTk Jtesasy 1 0 0 0 . ing. Nitrogen is the plant food ele- are leached away in relatively smalt mem iosi io me greatest extent quantities. through leaching, and "nitrate nitro- From these facts, we are safe jn gen," that is.-nitrogen in a form im- rnnrliiHinor that tniv afn1v rttirkc. ONE who stands beside a creek or; mediately available to plants, is lost phate and potash fertilizers at al- river during he Tsping, months most rapidly of all the forms of ni- most" any time and . on most' soils when rains - are -heavy ;has Nvjsible' trogen. - Thus the nitrogen in nitrate without danger of any serious -losses evidence of what soil erosion - oof -soda, which is soluble in water, from leaching, Btft that nitrogen is an washing is costing ; us fv Every 'hoi-. . to land with a element-that must be used with a low, branch, creek and -river - flows muddy with the best of : our. soils Part of the matter carried by these flood waters may be deposited when the adjacent valleys -are overflowed, but most of it - Is carried' out to sea or deposited rin? swamps " or marshes where it may never again be of use in helping to feed and clothe the world. To a greater ?r less extent, this wearing dowP pi the' artHf surf ace and carrying it away to lQwerels is going on i constantly yeat after year, century after century fit is na ture's ceaseless1 effort to establish a balance. Bui ; oh rolling, cultivated lands everywhere in humid sections it has been-ari .expepstve process, in many cases actually ruinous, "a? - is only top e vident in the gullied hilK sides thrown out tp broomsedge and old field pines, a buT4en rather than an asset to their owners. Soil Conservation First AND even ahead . of soil-building must come soil cQnserVationr-soil saving. Fpr it will avail us little if we grow legumes an4apply St$Me manures and commercial fertllers, only to let the heavy rains, carry away the plant! foods they contain. Yet here in the South we see this very thing occurring every year. Fey. tihzers are ppwrea uppn unterraecd hillsides, where no attention Is paid to the direction in which the rows are run, gullies are allowed to grow deeper and wider, sma.ller and small er crops are - harvested "despite the fertilizers used, arid finally the field is abandoned to a Icinder-nature who, perhaps, after a generation, may suc ceed in clothing its nakedness. Farmers who till rolling lands any where from Virginia , to west Texas, from Kentucky to the ulf, may as well decide'at once that upon saving their hillsides depends their own eco nomic salvation, and in saving these cultivated rolling - lands,; they must sooner or later come to the inevit able conclusion that spine fprm of terracing is essential. .In the "next article in this series we will discuss in detail the problem of terracing rpll- ng lands. ;. . . - r;; . The Effect of Leaching AS WE have already pointed out, soil washing takes place over the surface, while leaching refers to spin ble plant foods' carried away in the soil water without the ' actual move ment of soil particles. A common example of ieaching" is afforded by the dripping of wood ashes to make Jye. The water.passing through the open, .porous mass of ashes . carries out and into -the -receptacle below the soluble matter, Heaving little or no water soluble material in the ashes. In like manner soil leaching'occurs, though many factors affect the degree to which plant foods may-be lost though many factors affect the degree consider some of these. - .' ' ' l. The' degree of porosity, - that ia, whether the soil and snhsnil Are loose and open, or tight and retentive, great-. leached away and lost. 4. Cover crops may in large meas ure prevent leaching, since the solu ble plant foods are taken up and held by the growing plants. 5..Tillage encourages leaching, since its effect, through the aeration of this soil is to hasten chemical ac tion, which in turn makes soluble the plant foods in the soil. FairTfreatmentlil N 0 FOM Maine to California, and on s around the world, The B. F, Goodrich Company sends forth this all-including, invitation: " T'Z Bring back any Goodrich tires you feel hays failed to give you right ervice. 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The Progressive Farmer (Raleigh, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Feb. 24, 1917, edition 1
11
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