9
PE0GRESS1VE FARMER 5 AND COTTON PLANT.
Thursday, February 15, .1906.
Practical Law Talks for Farmers.
X. SALES AND BARTER.
The Law as to the Sale of Land.
No. jo of a Series of Articles on "Law fot Farmers,"
prepared especially for The Progressive Farmer by
Hon. Walter A. Montgomery, formerly fudge of the
North Carolina Supreme Court.
Land in its legal sense extends indefinitely up
wards; and therefore no man can erect a build
ing to overhang another's land. It includes also
whatever is in a direct line from the surface to
the center of the earth. Land, therefore, in
cludes not only the surface of the ground but
every thing under it, or over it. So, that in
a deed wherein one's tract of land is conveyed,
all mines of metal gold, silver, copper, iron, etc.,
or fossil, forest, water, houses, fields and mead
ows, will pass.
If it is intended in a deed to convey the title
to water, as a pond or a lake, to pass more than
a right of fishing, it should be described as a
certain piece of land (giving boundaries or meas
urements) covered by water.
A hfmse, being in the eye of the law land, may
be conveyed by deed separate and apart from the
land on which it stands; and so may any story
of the house.
And a stratum of mineral may be sold . apart
from the surface of the soil.
Sales of Land Must be in Writing.
tice of the Peace a certificate of the Clerk of
the Superior Court of, the Justice's county; and
in the second instance, a certificate of a Clerk
of a Court of Record of the county of such Jus
tice, the certificate of each of said Clerks to be
under his hand and official seal, in which such
certificates of said Clerks, it shall appear that
such Justice of the Peace was at the time of
his said Justice's certificate was made, an acting
Justice of the Peace of such county, and that
such Justice's genuine signature is set to his
certificate.
(Concluded Next Week.)
W. A. MONTGOMERY.
'Now, Mr. Editor, if this escapes the waste
basket, I may have something to say in regard to
the one-man rule in selling tobacco.
G. L. ALLEN.
Granville Co., N. C.
TOBACCO FARMERS MUST CO-OPERATE.
They Do Not Now Work Together as Cotton Farm
ers Do They Must Unite for Better Prices.
Tobacco is a peculiar crop, and in many re
spects different from any other crop .raised in
this country. Some times I. think' a large per
cent of the tobacco farmers take on some' of the
peculiarities of the crop. There is a certain
rivalry between tobacco farmers that does not
exist between cotton growers or any other class
of farmers I know of, and I think that is one of
the many difficulties in the way of organizing
the tobacco farmers as well as the great variety
and different types of tobacco found in one crop,
and also the great difficulty of preparing it in a
safe way to keep it sound and have it ready for
the market when the price gets; satisfactory.
Tobacco is in some respects a perishable prod-
All sales of land must be in writing, and signed "ct, and if not kept in the right order will dam-
by the owner. Such writings are usually called
deeds of bargain and sale. They are good against
subsequent purchasers and creditors of the grantor
or hargainor only from registration in the county
where the land lies. That is, if A conveys by
deed to B a tract of land and A should after
wards convey the same to C who should register
his deed before B registers his, the title and
property to the land would vest in and belong
to C, the subsequent purchaser, B having lost his
title by his failure to register his deed in time.
And likewise without the registration of the
deed by the purchaser, the land is liable to be sub
jected to the demands of creditors of the grantor
or bargainor. Nothing, therefore, can be of more
importance to the purchaser of land than the
proper registration oi his deed, and a little
age very soon. I here is no crop where skilful
management and handling has so much to do
with the appearance when it is put on the market
as tobacco, and the condition it is in when offered
for sale has a great deal to do with the price re
ceived. 1
Some tobacco farmers feel a great, pride in
their ability to prepare and' manipulate their to
bacco for market -and are almost sure to think
theirs is better than anyone else's. I have often
heard them say if they could get a higher price
than some neighbor they would be satisfied. And
the man who gets the highest price for a few
pounds on the warehouse floor you will hear him
brag about it for a month. Neither stops to
think that he has not received half of what the
raw material is worth as compared with, the inanu-
time and space may be well spent in considering iactured article. Such rivalry as this ii unfavor
this subject. - able to organization..
Mr. Editor, did you ever attend a tobacco ? ale
i-n r, -C T, 1 J J 1 l ' 1 , 1
iu ouxxic ux me ltauuiK marKets in wJiflr is Known
Registration of a deed cannot be made until as the "bright belt?" If so, you hav) seen soir.e
probate or acknowledgement of the same has been ot the peculiarities about which I am trying to
had before some officer qualified to take such write. Did you hear anything said about the best
probate and acknowledgement, and an order for grade; or did you hear anyth'ng but best grade1?
its registration made by the, clerk or the deputy I am not a betting man, but if you will excuse
clerk of the Superior Court of the county in me for making one, I will bet a penny against
which the land conveyed in the deed lies. Thp somebody's best grade that if you had got out to
execution, or signing, and delivery of the deed, one side and watched about the time the buvers
must oe acknowledged by the grantor or bargainor, began to come m to commence a sale, you could
or its execution proved by a witness or witnesses have counted all the best grades on the floor by
before some officer qualified by law to take the the crowds standing around them, and the farmer
probate or acknowledgement. Such officers in it belonged to watching for ' the buyer of that
this State are, the Judges of the Supreme and grade to come in to ask a special favor on that
turn uupenur vuuns, commissioners oi Amaavits iue iorgemng that he has any other tobacco
appointed Dy tne uovernor. the Uierk ot the 5Su
THOUGHTS FOR FARMERS.
The Cotton Situation.
The fight between the Cotton Growers' Asso
ciation and dealers in futures is getting inter
esting. Some of the faint-hearted farmers be
lieve that the contest is unequal and that the
farmers will have to go under and be subject
to the manipulations of speculators. The .ma
jority believe that they will be sure winners, if
they stick together. With a census report indi
cating a crop of very little more than ten mil
lion bales, the price does not advance. The
bears are holding out the idea that there has
been enough cotton sold already to carry the
spinners till the next crop is put on the market.
They have even reported that President Archer
of the County Association lhas been making an
effort to put a lot of cotton on the market at
12 cents. This he denies most emphatically
and says that in June he will see if any ono
wants his cotton at his price. He advises farm
ers having cotton on hand to hold for 15 cents.
say they are, what is the duty of the farmers ?
With a crop of only 10,000,000 bales they claim
that there is a surplus of two millions. If they
are correct the country will need only nine mii
lion bales another year. Plant for that amount
and keep the price up. By raising an abundance
of corn, oats, and peavine hay, a small cotton
crop will bring in as much money as a large one,
and it will cost less.
Money in Peavine Hay. U,
Special attention of farmers is called to the
money and feeding value of peavine hay. " Look
at it in this way: Take an acre nf land that
with the aid of .$3 worth of fertilizer will make
1,000 pounds of seed-cotton. At ten cents a
pound the lint and seed will be worth $37.80. To
raise and market that cotton will cost 5V2 cents
a pound, or $18.30 for the acre leaving net "$19.50.
Use the same guano and plant the acre in oats
as soon as the ground is dry enough. Follow
with peas sown broadcast. The yield- should be
20 bushel of oats and a ton and half of pen
vine hay. The pats at 60 cents, and hay at .'$18
a ton, and straw at $2, would bring $41.00. The
expense of both crops, including baling the hay,
would not be exceeding $10, which would leave
net $31. Land would be improved to the value
of $3 an acre besides. Well-cured peavine hay
is the best-milk producer we know. Ton for
ton it is worth more than genuine wheat bran,
and twice as much as some of the mixtures sold
under the name of bran. Let farmers make their
own supplies, live at home, stick to the Cotton
Growers' Association, and they will prosper and
be happy. CHARLES PETTY.
Spartanburg Co., S. C.
"Dear me! What's the matter ?"
T .... . - .
j- ixx 8u sorry ior mv little brother, 'cause I'm
m " X -11 1 - i , - ..
preme-- Court, the several Clerks of the Superior
Court and their deputies, the Several Clerks of
the Criminal Court, Notaries Public, and the sev
eral Justices of the Peace.
If any person, resident or non-resident of this
i ;i f I 7 , . 11 .1 -
on the floor; and if he gets thirty-five or forty this candy, and he won't get none."
cents iov it, ne will go home rejoicing, in a hurry vvai-aniuu.
to strip another load, and tell everybody he sees
how much he got for his best grade. He forgets
the fact that his second grade not quite so
onght, but m many respects as good or bette
VALUE OF CORN STALKS.
When Olie Sees our nnrnfiolr? nr,TTT nrJV.
- - ,. I ' - U V" v- fiUUU yJ 1 UCUCl I HUH WXUiJ.
otate, outside oi JNorth Carolina desires to con- lor manutacturemg purposes than the best grade Wades stripped and the stalks left to rot hp
vey by deed to any person, whether residents or
non-reaidents of this State, such deed can be
Proved Or acknowledcprl hpfnrp nnv n-f thp -fnllriTtT-
ing officers of the United States, or the District
of Columbia, of the States or Territories of the
United States, of countries under the dominion
of the United States, viz. : Any Judge of a Court
of Record, any Notary Public, any Mayor or Chief
Magistrate of an incorporated town or city, any
Ambassador, Minister, Consul or Commercial
Agent of the United States. A Justice of the
Peace of any State or Territory of the United
States can also take the probate or acknowledge
ment of deeds.
Where Land Is Bought In Another State.
If the probate or acknowledgement is had be
fore a Justice of the Peace of any county of this
State, other than the county in which the land
lies and in which the deed must be offered for
rejrUtration, or if the probate acknowledgement
i had before a Justice of the Peace of . another
State or Territory, then, in the first instance,
there -must accompany the certificate of the Jus-
uul marveling tnat the shredder is not in
more general use among- our people. At one of
our Experiment Stations recently with a crop of
forty bushels per cent anaylses of the' different
parts of the corn stalk proved that the relative
values are as follows:
is scooped in by the Tobacco Trust for fifteen
cents and the other grades for still less.
When the crop is sold, the balance struck and
the average made out,' it is far below the average
price of cotton, though it cost more to raise a
pound of tobacco than it does a pound of cotton.
Think of it, brother tobacco farmers. See if
you can't get that best grade out of your eyes,
and look one time at your average, and if you
nave income so Dlind von can't qpp i w n,,. -dx
i j , , , " .7"cn -uuubB oi StaiKS
hand into your pocket and see if you can find it. Tops of stalks . .
But alas! it is so small, if you! don't mind von Tint Mo
win miss it and hit the bottom of your pocket.
Then the question arises, What shall we tobacco
farmers do to increase the average price of our
tobacco?
Organize. " '
Yes, brother fanners, we should organize for
the protection of our homes, our wives, and our
children.
I believe the day has come when we must meet
organization with organization, and the bright to
bacco farmers are about the only interest in this
section that has no organization.
can-
Parts of Plants.
of stalks
Bottom blades
Top blades
Shucks and shanks
Tassel
Total
Of
Pounds
Per Acre
Value.
1,395 $5.59
29T 1.13
357 1.27
212 .82
643 2.34
75 .46
2,979
$11.01
course shredding cannot make all this ma
terial available for digestion, but it does sat o
enough to convince anybody that the work means
an enormous saving. There is no doubt that it