Vol. XXXV ;No,v34 SATURDAY, AUGUST 21, 1920 i It "v' If- (f f t. I 41 -a XeSr, lea "Copy rm Sugg 'estions is '.By taix:buxler ern Field Crops", reports results of experiments by the United. States Department of Agriculture in Geor gia, in which the following statement occurs: "As a source of nitrogen. -nitrate bf soda .was superior to cottonseed meal; the nitrogen in cottonseed meal was more effective and profit- able than an equal weight of nitro gen in the form of cottonseeds We consequently think it entirely safe to state that nitrate of soda den change pasture crop TT IS now -too late itoroake 'further :mg away of 'the soil and the more 1 efforts, to t-.protfuee 'Tough rfor- rapld growth of non-pasture plants age for livestock thi$ winter, 'but .arethe only Teasons why our road it is not too llate o - make every sides .and -vacant or uncultivated effort to save everything growirigon areas are-not covered with grazing the farm that will serve as TOughtfge. tplants throughout the South, as in There is usually enough corn Ttwwr, TOthcr;more noTthefly sections., If one tproperly, applied to theigrowingcane j-rass and other'afonghage allowed to sidoubtfulfofthis,he;hasfon4y'to pre- will notinjurethe quality or flavor waste on oouuiwu wkjum iw.;iwiuxuur vcui wasjiii oi me json ;ana Keep down rthe -non-rpasture rplants to be onvinced. 3. Dniy such -plants -should be -selected as the basis of the jpastute ;as nave demonstrated their ability .to livestock and wipe out fone of our largest item tof expense our slarge nay bills. ' :.' ' "" ' I Every Mortlaodd Madeto Save Moi3Rarage " ' I THERE ever was'a time when xf the molasses. It is stated, however, that very targe quantities of stable manure .may 'give the syrup a dark color and an inferior 'flavor. Nftrogen in any available form applied too late in the take the land and hold it against all season may .prolong the .growth and obstacles. Where -Bermuda-grass and delay ripening of the cane and in icspcucza naiurany xnnve or nom tne this- wav mav reduce the vield ,of the South should makeeveryef- land against M anther tpknts hey --svrun. -and 4nrare '-its otialitv We fort possible to savetbay ?and tother should sform tthe 'basis tof the perma- rethink the latterTart -of Mav or arlv ro ugh forage it is this, season of.41920. nemzpas:tuTB.Thi8nwillttathegr in -flrine -wmtld frave hen a httr The corn crop will .almost certainly part rf tthe northern twothirds bf itinie to apply -the nitrate -of soMa be short over a considerable ipoition the Cotton Belt. Where carpet grass than early July of the South, which maiesdoiibly -dtiioWlieMe iae- "The amount which should be ap- 'OHi-iltlH rAl M4m4I .. a4L am kAitMM - O duced. More hay will feduce the grain required to winter the stock and make next year's ixsrops, and cer tainly it will also Jbe more economical to buy one'-product, cxmihand buy both hay and corn. -It is nowtoo late to grow forage this -year,lbut'thereis an opportunity to vsrre mon; df "the forage grown than fis-eneratllyidone. Every year, corn storer and other plants that might (bei:utaridxuredkf or to green feed; where a is inciudtfa m "tne Ta- tion -ffor work liorses, the vpracticc should be 'Continuous, -not mtermit tent," 'From my experience, as a practi-. tioner of ve'terinaty jnedicine and many years' .bbservation bf work stock, I am fully convinced that injury rather than "benefit" results from horses and mules which do haTd work tin hot weather being .allowed "the Ifreedom iof pasture during the night .and ton .idle jays." Of -course, -for the idle (horses igvassV. is good, but when the i horse Hspufcto hard work on the farm or.onthentoad he isino longer under 'natural" jeon- ditions and .what may.be jregarded as his :natural feed no longer .fits his -needs. The.only argument in favorOf graz ingwork 'Stock to which we cangive any weight is that pasture, when availahle, may-cost le9Sthan dry fed. "The first cost is less, but Hi the 'les sened efficiency of the work stockthe reduced amount of work they are ac tually able to do is considered,in the opinion of the writer, green feed costs vinore in the end,and.the greater ten- feeding are allowed to -waste throtjgh- position to thrive .over .large aas .in out the whole South. BySlHneans the 1Southvand should be encouraged wherever a ton of roughage xzn be as it is a good pasture plant. saved, even though not of thelhighest The cultivated grasses and clovers quality, every effortshould bemadeto tnavhe itwH in itPmnorarv nasttirAc in - - jc - jt : - - a rotation,-especially when the soil is fairly fertile and lime is -used, but 1 41 . 4 .4 4 IT..'iSliaUll.&e IttSfta.ailttll'UQttier Jitter -u:t .-ru.,J1 l iCnu.. Jt,e;f th .animal tn sliffpr fnm plants can be gradually introduced. or where a' legume crop was -plowed xolic .and other digestive troubles 5BurxlcvveTand iwhite jelover wilLdo -tinder 4?efore planting the cane, per- certainly does not improve their weUiandtadd.to .the,walue'Ofutheipas- rhaps 100 pounds cof ..nitrate of soda health or enable them to keep in bet- ture toveraJatgeartof ithe South, -will heuflfiiHent; -but on sa less' fer- ter condition. but too, great tepense should mot 0e -tile soil orone where no tegumccrop In the opinion of the writer, work incurred to obtain these at first, or has been turned ninderlOO pounds jof stock doing .hard work, especially; in on too Jare .areas. .The needing as .nitrate ,of soda should be applied at hot weather, should have ?no gren expensive .and often the .feed, .but a balanced ration of suffi- very uncertam .atfirst. JDalhsgjass fate .May or .early June. Our reader cient variety made up entirely of dry cannot .use cottonseed meal to ad- feexl. And of this not -over three vantage. A pound , of 'nitrogen from quarters Of a. pound of hay -should 'be cottonseed meal will cost much mare .given dailyor every 100 pounds of or Paspalum Jdilatatum shows a dis- save it. Every ton -of -forage saved will save $20 toneoct spring. Sure ly this is of the greatest importance. Essentials of Pasture flaking HILE grass .grows .abundantly .in the South, because 'bf rour warm, moist climate, and the varieties -of grasses, and clovers aftd other rleg "mes are almost unlrmiled,Jt is a mis take to assume that good permanent pastures are too easily secured. The I(eas that any sort, oand wilLmake a 8od pasture andv tnat io care. Js necessary to obtain nd attiaintain much money has been - wasted -by the sowing of -such seeds and no-satisfactory -results obtained. ' Any man can tell for ; himself the plants which should form the basis for his permanent pasture, by simply looking about him. The plants which, -when given a chance, take the land and 'hold it and which the 'livestock eat and-thrive on rare the plants he should use. 4. Close 'grazing is not meeessarily an evil on well Established pastures made 'up t)f plants 4ike iBermuda, than a pound of nitrogen from ni trate of soda and we have experi mental evidence that it is not worth asmuch. In other words, a -pound of nitrogen in "fSiS per cent nitrate of soda at,$100 a ton costs the same as a pound of nitrogen in 6.2-per cent (7.5 ;per cent ammonia) cottonseed meal at :$40 a ton, and the nitrogen from the nitrate of soda is superior, pound for pound. the animal's -weight. TVhy Hogs Eat Chickens Ik fo m ecnWJyesponsK biuegss, hite Blover,.etc, but too e lor our failure to fgenef ally have M;icr iaatrnrtv-until the eood pastures. close grazing is "destructive -until the Work Stoclc Need Dry Feed AREABER writes: "I have a lotof nice B ermuda 'grass, but it seems to weaken my -horses to graze them on it." Hard working horses and mules should .notlbe allowed, to, graze grejen i?rass. esoeciallv in hot weather. For 9 - J. , pasture plants have fully established idle horses, of course, grass is good The waste Jandsstlawe) tobipoor to themselves ton the Jand. Too close -and at may be used to some extent for be profitably mltivatfidr?Dr that are grazing may be injurious even on ld horses and mules 'doing-slow worknf too rough or wash too readily to ibe pastures, .especially since the live- this work Js not too. hard and the citable for cultivation, should ibe stock .are iikely. to suffer ior lack of weather is not tao ihot. utiwhen a made intOipastnrsjibntheyilijot feedbut-in estahlbhing pastnresTtoo hard working horse or -mule is al- make good, .reliable ipastuies. without dose grazing qand tramping iin wet lowed to graze during .hot. weather some expense and Considerable .at- weather are fatal to tgood jresults, the tresuits are nafly always as our tention- ; ' , , ; : If theseour simple, common sense 'rca describes -The bowels are ti-. : J ' 1 fiu ta imade. too. loose, theanunals sweat too "cre are a few essentials to-suc- woe .uVCu freely nd.cannot.stand the heat and essful .pa-sture-WlriWti ihSnnth no disappointment an .the .making-of lrL-i u "r annox Be neglected without " Zi. hDrsesre -weakened.as stated by Paymg the penalty, monghesethe ? viuowmg fmay-ea named ! 1. It it--will -not produce .a -profitable crop of cotton, to quickly - afford much inquirer 'Notwithstanding that the writer is l' is essential to prevent the good grazing when put into pasture, thoroughly convinced that theabove washing or erosion of the "land by :is eorrect, yet there a re .-many ?who terracing or otherwise .'until "the. No 4SIIdbltteS.om36tlSte advise. the. gra2ing. of .work- to;ck. For Piants caniinirprtth unit rt tl nrn f . . . f. . ' .w a . ?trctani; in 'Farmers' Bulletin '1030. this wae,i zitr:. "?rrvr jsoaa.in uaie ' n e South, excepttposkmiy ;thexoarser A READER, asks : "Will nitrate of sand, wllt4 jcoyer itslf iiK vege- soda when ap0ied fo growing Nation in o (a,., J.-SIf -jaU'I --imSl J - T rt.n'oiotioanp tnalr ,K-'riftlns i a iew vears at ittie ;rjii is i revented .from, washingaway. 2. Owing to our sunsinf-and heavy 1 ainfa11 weeds,'brhbTiarsfad xther n-pasturpJahtsgriwtverypi more rapidly sthanheipasturetplants. Jt is therefore :tnecessary fthat the non-pasture 'plantsbekept down for a tew years mntll he?pasture plants get fun,posrondfthearid,Wash. Louisiahacane make the-anolasses taste salty ? Jf not, Aow jnuchu should be appUed per acre? Could I. -use cottonseed'meal to .advantage . ?" f We have no -personal knowledge 'United States Department of Agricul ture, the following statement is made regarding pasture for horsesr "Pas ture is very valuable -in the manage ment of work teams ; regularly allow ing horses the.f reedom of .pasturedur ing .the. rnight and on -idle -days en- Trances the health of the animals. A READER has a brood sow that kills and eats chickens. He aiks, "What can I do for her and what makes herseat-chickens?" . Little .can be done for such a sow, except to .keep her and the chickens separated. There is-i!o"bably no .practicable way of breaking a . so w-of this bad . habit. The' hog eats chickens .because of two conditions: First, she is more likely to .eat chickens if not fed a balanced ration. If in. a. dry 'Jot with out green feed and without. sufficient protein and mineral matter she. is much more likely to eat her first chicken if lone gets in the trough while she is feeding. Also if a dead chicken is found by.a.hQg orsilione is thrown into her lot she is verylikly to eat it, especially, if fshe isnotjget ting a 'full supply of those" materials which her. body craves-.andsmust have to maintain ihealth. A hog getting'green 'feed -and .milk or tankage -is not likely to 'begin "to attack, vkill and eat !live 'chickens, tut even a well fed :hogis 'likely no cat a ' faulty feeding is probably mot the only rea&on - why?hogs .form the habit -of eating chickens. They eat chick ens because. of their.natural. desire ior an imal .matter and .once .havingtasted chicken .flesh they .continue to eat if because they4ike it. " When -young chickens tare allowed to -eat from the sameitrough with the ?jt.'J"'" hoes. some. of the hoer&are auite iiiceivi z ' - -rf- , S to form the habit .of chicken eating.,-1 sooner or later. To prevent ?the iformation - of 4hls bad'habif, -give the-hogs green stuffy :r, i. im:i A- and can find no recorded daiashdwTfeere -will 'be an increased tendency animal protein ' and plenty of charcoal" ing that initrate of .soda canBh toward sweating while at -work hut nd' acid phosphate, And keep the molasses to "taste salty?a)r giveslit this is not of.gr eat. importannce when Vkhogs 'and chickens, 'especially the any other nndeshtable; flavor. - "On the benefits are considered. . A neces- vyoung chickens and brood sows, sepa-, the otherJhahd,IXuggarinvhis :'V3o'tithtry precaution -.is-'to:ayoi4 a sud- rated as' far as possible. A L ' "IT- v. a5 1 1 if