November
Farm Work for
By J. F. DUGGAR
v'rfMIE early maturity of cotton this Fulghum may be substituted.., It be-
I year has made possible" an early longs in the same botanical class as
ii' 5 date for completing the harvesting the Red Rustproof and has prectically
of this crop in sections where the labor all the valuable qualities of the latter.
- supply has been ample. Indeed, oh It is about 10 days earlier, which Is a
many tarms cotton decided advantage wnere me useoi uie
has been picked
ticuiars to mosi di xnose now ouiam-- is over c -per cent less" than it was last
able. Great .were my. expectations.. in . season. ' . v- . dbl
? P V tn rn -V h gihg?of qpiqiuis is just be
developed some years ago by the, Unit-: unnd-the iotKl3"De"
ed Mates uepartmenr. oi Agricuijnrei
but which m ext
vbvi.w f v.. rr 1 vinaie inc.-results. ; me acreage was re
Kf"";"';- 6" -"v-. uucea; ine yieia expected will hp
winter barley, which is probably -the hari riv onn
SriMri-s mnst -stiitanTe varietv. , l BJV
. r r -ir m v run v iinri
artment ot AgriculUire unfavorable commercial north
qcpenmentsn Alabama eastemiitie it vis difficult to ti
proved, to be a - smaller .mate the results. ; The acreage wa "
t will be per-
mg approximately. 1 15.000.000 r,n,w.i..
production, which, at 90 pounds will
l - " ; . siv i,w,vaw oags.m mis state if all
NO LONGER is any farmer justified were marketed. There is quite a large
5n - siiffermcr "loss -from oat" smut, arrpaw triat ic nht nir-lj-A 1 . .
-a- . t-'v-ivtu cnu not
counted m the ab6ve.
FRANK PARKER
Agricultural Statistician, Raleigh
Treatment for Grain Smuts
in -suffering loss irom oar smut,
which in the Southeastern States us
ually varies from about 5 to 20. per
cent. This disease in oats is much
PB0P. DUGGAB
early e'nough to
give time also for
the harvesting of
corn .before the first
of November. It is
important to com
plete the gathering
of corn. However,
this may better be
postponed than to
delay further pre-
-J ti1.. 4 11J
land is desired for summer crops. By more easily anu y wuiruucu ;
reason of its earlier habit, Fnlghum is than the loose smut of whea . Oat Airrir..l..riikl af fk. Vi::.
ted for sowing with smui, as weu as mc cuuucdicu w siijjl- --q-- luguna
also better suit
crimson clover for hay.
ine smut of wheat, may be completely
prevented by -a simple and mexpen-
Fair
lhe sowing ot two varieties witn dil- f'tmtn.f thp- spph. Tt is onlv DACK in 1919 a movement wac cto.f
- WAT, - - " " " J - " - V 1 J Cll I V. U
My,j. j f M O
iiji -wx vau
ferent dates ot maturity is an
vantage in dividing the
weather at harvest time ; this also per
mits the harvesting of a larger acreage
than would otherwise be possible.
store
a drug wmcti resulted m the maueuratin
a bottle ot lormaidehyde or. ot a livestock and croo ludcine rnn-
Wheat and Rye
standard strength. Add one ounce of test at the Virginia State Fair he
this to each 2y2 gallons of water. In tween teams representing the depart
this liquid moisten wheat or oats, eith- ments of vocational agriculture in the
er by dipping or by thorough sprink- rural high schools' of the state. This
paration of land for the small grains IN REGIONS to which wheat is well wngand leave the damp grain overed contest nas become an annual event,
and the sowing of these. 1 adapted, November is a favorite Ior a "w nour u ot he
t- WJffOat. " month for sowing wheat and rye. grain should be sowed The writer s prac- Bpa
T,me for Sowing Oats i the South. Those who depend part- t?ce with oats has been to sow at any in cooperation with the Department of
IT IS almost universally true through- iy on rye for grazing have doubtless time after treatment and he has never Agricultural Education of the Vir-
out the Southeastern States that already sowed this cereal If not the had proof of any injury from delay af- ginia Polytechnic institute, and is now
there is need every year for a larger sooner rye js sowed the greater the ter treatment in the case Of oats. How- receiving the recognition from the peo-
acreage of oats than is sowed. In amount of pasturage it will afford and ever m, the, case of. wheat, and possibly pie. of the state that its value as an ed-
pasturage
the earlier the grazing will be avail
able. We cannot be too careful in the sty
lection of the source of the seed rye.
For both grazing and grain production
it should be either Abruzzi oj South
ern rye. By the latter term we mean
rye grown for many decades in the
southern half of the Cotton Belt.
Even Tennessee or North Georgia has
proved lacking in the valuable quali
ties found in rye from lower latitudes.
A word of caution seems especially
timely in these later years when so
those sections where dry weather has
resulted in a poor corn crop in 1922, the
need is very urgent for sowing more
oats than has usually been done. It
scarcely needs to be said that through
out at least the lower two-thirds of
the Cotton Belt, oats should be sow
ed in the fall rather than after Christ
mas. The writer has repeatedly called
attention to the results of experiments
conducted under his direction in Ala
bama bearing on this point. These
covered many years, including a few in
which winter killing was severe. The
averaee vield for oats sowed about the
middle of November was more than 50 much is being claimed for Rosen Rye
per cent greater, and often 100 per This variety has a good record in the ever, in the Middle South vetch may
cent greater, than when the date of North, but in the central part of the be sowed in the first days of the month,
sowing was about the middle of Feb- Cotton Belt it generally fails to afford and throughout the month in the ex-
ruary. either, the amount of grazing or the treme South.
grain yield obtainable trom the bouth-
ern and Abruzzi varietres.
It would seem a
for some farmers
Southern rye of a strain known to have
also of other grains, some injury to
germination sometimes results from
delaying planting for a long time after
the seed are treated. This point is
brought out in some of the investiga
tions in the Southwest, where, on ac
count of peculiarities of climate and
condition of soil at time of planting,
treatment ofr smuts must be somewhat
different from those adapted to the
South.
Still Time for Sowing Vetch
IN THE central and northern parts of
the Cotton Belt, November is late
for sowing of most forage plants. How-
ucational movement deserves.
This year (1922) the winners were us
f ollovs :
1st Blacksburgr High School, of Montgomery
County..-
2nd Windsor High School, of Isle of 'Wight
County.
3rd Bridgewater High School, of Rocking
ham County.
High man - on contest Bryce Arrington, of
Blacksburg.
2nd Nichols Saunders, of Windsor.
3rd John Bowdn, of Windsor.
High man on Beef Cattle D. W. Walker, ot
Pearisburg (Giles .County).
High man on Dairy' Cattle Bryce Arrington,
of Blacksburg.
High man on Swine Bryce Arrington, of
Blacksburg. ,
High man on Corn Marion Lynch, of Floris
(Fairfax County).
um-
ealiz-
The
been produced in southern latitudes THE large increase of 12 per cent in Georgia Experiment Station wishes to
for many years. The price of the' x the acreage of cotton to be picked Wdr.n inc. iarmers or tne soutn
srmthp rn.crnwn rvp ij alwavQ trmrli this vpar over a vear ao doe.sn't net against this practice. It is doubtful it
above that grown further North, a nearly . the production 730,000 bales, m.a,ny f the adult boll weevils are
1 Experimental results have been clear
in showing that for every week's delay
after the first of November there is on
tjie whole a notable decreaseSn yield.
It was once the common practice to
begin sowing oats about Thanksgiving.
This late beginning of the planting
season for oats was made necessary
by the slow picking of a large acreage
of cotton then unattacked by the boll difference in price that is fully justi-
weevil. Now, with a reduced acreage bed.
of early maturing cotton and with Barley
more accurate knowledge of the de- TTHE few Southern farmers who grow
crease in yield from late-planting of 1 a patch of bariey for grazing rate-
oats, we may well look on Thanksgiv- tuic.n ennA nnT Tutr;,
mg as marking rather the close than
the beginning of the season for the fall
sowing of oats.
Varieties of Oats
AS TO varieties, no mistake can be
made in sowing' oats of the red
rustproot type, whether they be bought
Plow the Cotton Stalks Under, Do
Not Burn Them
a" profitable specialty North Carolina "Money Crops" A GREAT many farmers are b
s to grow for seed Cotton, Corn, Tobacco in 1922 f iilf.thei coiton stalks' not re
strain known to have ' m& their yalue for green manure.
this grain as second to none. The writer
has not advised the general use of bar
ley, chiefly because of the usual higher
cost in the South of seeding an acre
of barley than of the other small
grains. In comparative tests of its
yield of seed he has been somewhat
discouraged by the fact that barley
made last year 776,000, but the aver
age price is better, it having increased,
whereas it decreased during the previ
ous season. The 218 pounds this year
mean a decrease of perhaps 25 per
cent in the per acre yield, but 15 per
cent increase in total value at 21 cents
over 16.4 cents last season. This means,
too, that the per-acre value may be
$45.75 as compared with $43.29 the
previous season. Of the cotton states,
North Carolina leads in the per-acre
killed by burning, as most of them
will fall off the stalks during the pro
cess"bf handling them. Burning the
stalks will kill all the larvae and the
eggs on the cotton stalks, and also
destroy a great many of the adults by
cutting off their food supply. But
plowing under the cotton stalks will
accomplish the same thing and' at the
same time add to the land enough
green matnure to more than pay for the
plowing. Plowing will also kill the old
under the name of Red Rustproof Ad- has usually suffered more from the at-
pier, Hundred Bushel, Patterson. Cook. iacKS 01 oiras. mis, oi course, is De
or other local name. Indeed all nf
these so-called varieties of red rust
proof oats are indistinguishable in
grain, stalk and maturity and they are
practically identical in yield.
Seed grown nearby is slightly to be
preferred, partly because it involves
less danger of the introduction of weeds
that may be new to the locality, such
as cheat and wild onion. In general
seed oats from fall sowing are slightly
to be preferred to seed from spring
sowed oats, which is another small ad
vantage of sowing seed from near
home and of known history. The dif
ference resultine from the
1 P oats accustomed to being sowed in fall
I as compared with those whose ances
, 'tors have usually been sowed in the
:j spring is not usually very great. How-
ver in an experiment at the Alabama
Station there did result after about 15
4 years some effect in maturity and yield
j due to continuous fall sowing on the
Vone hand or of spring sowing on the
i other. Starting with seed from the
1 same sack, we found that after; many
I years of continuouds spring sowing
spthat strain had become nearly a week
earlier than the fall sowed strain and
t -naa become less fturaarsttj - :r r ' $
lm In case it. M&ii&imita!&&'taltti
sinature somewhat earlier? than-s-is theH
9 .,.-;vi;','il,i,'kJi.yj iK.ai:tkVAt.-.'t-
irred rustproof oats mentionVd above. the
cause ot its earlier maturity. A re
cent study of the conditions under
yield and value. She also has the most cotfon r.ts' which are apt to sprout
cotton mills. It is reported that 43 per
cent of the mills in the 14 Southern
states are here.
An increase of 13 per cent in the
which barley is grown in The Southwest . tobacco acreage, and a slight increase
as" the main grain crop, makes him of yield, at 607 pounds per acre, insures
more hopeful -than heretofore that un- an increased production of about 22
der some conditions this may become a per cent
practicable grain feed on many South- auction markets are not yet equal to
ern farms. This, however, means the those of last year. The total value of
selection of good land and probably the crop is less than 2 per cent more,
too the evolution by systematic breed-v The value-per-acre i9$152.80, based on
ing of varieties superior in some par- the present information available. This
and in this way furnish food to the
weevil.
The cotton-stalks on a bale-to the
acre cotton will amount to over a ton
of vegetation. This amount of cotton
stalks will contain about 51 pounds of
nitrogen, 33 pounds of phosphoric
- J J Cf 1 f . - rf 1
The average prices on the w.Pounas oi patasn.io ouy
iu ainuuu.L ui icrimzer. in inc luim
THE BUSINESS FARMER'S CALENDAR: THINGS TO DO THIS
- WpEK AND NEXT
DON'T leave bales of cotton lying
around the gin. ' It might be de
stroyed by fire. Don't leave the
cotton lying on the ground. It's quite
sure to be damaged by water. The
bonded warehouse .is the safest place
to leave cotton until you are ready
to sell. . -
2. Put heavy chains or other good
stalk' benders on the big turning plows
and "put the green Cotton stalks com
pletely under. Go at -them-just as they
stand. Cut stalks' "are hard to plow
, "noer,,
in to graze will put these Jhings up
into a salable package."
4. Right nowy while crops are off
the land and before the winter rains
set in, is the best time to build new
terraces . where needed, repair old
ones, "and convert the .bid-style, nar
row terraces into big, broad, efficient
terraces. Don't let the winter rains
take your best land away.
5, Keep a sharp eye on -the Seed
peas and. Deans. 1 reat for weevil con
trol just as soon as weevils make their
' l'r-J'3T',''-;r'-' VPpr$nJ -before they hayep- ,
v . ). W?m yMmceiJPmv fitf. great damage; ,: (
of commercial fertilizer, it would be
necessary to buy 340 pounds of sodium
nitrate, 125 pounds of 16 per cent acid
phosphate, and 300 oounds of kainit.
This amount of commeYcial fertilizer
is worth at present prices, about $11.40.
Besides furnishing the spfl with these
essential elements, the cotton stalks
also add a large amount of organic
matter to the soil which is entirely
lacking in commercial fertilizers.
While organic matter has no market
value, its value to ;the farmer is none
the less real.. Nearly all Southern
soils are sadly lacking inorganic mat
ter, and when it is supplied, either
by the, means xf green manure or
br.nyard--manurg, crops are doubled
- and trebled , in r an astonishing,, manner.
When the-cotton stalks are burned
all -the organic . matter and all the
nitrogen are lost, x Most of the vphos--
-phoric acid r and the potash are wasted.
Juesirovanss cotton ' staiics eariv m
Jwi f kll W one of hV'bek triethk3ddf
liehefekiagH ravages of thelkfl8;
5v.biiH tinv Arts this dfct 4irtt?A b-btfeMft 'K '