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4 i 1- 7) r i .11 H "-4 J! ? i VOLU ME I. OXFORD, N. O, SATURDAY, APItlL 27, 1850 NUMBER 2. TO A '' f "... ir-:- . - i :'" ' ic i- r-. ' - . .." i tu ! --v t i . i. ' "' ." " ' 11 """ ' . ! V : i i 1 ; ) t w THE GRAN VI L LIE W II I G . I : n Q " o . mJ mJ m J W ft. ! Terms. Tub Granville Wnio will be eent to Subscribers at Two Dollars per annum, if paid in advance. Dollars will be charged, if payment is delayed eix months. i i - ! j Advertisements. For every Sixteen lines, or les3. One Dollar for the first, $nd Twenty-five CcptB far each eub-spqucni insertion. ' Court Order?, &c. will charged 2.J per cnt. hiffherj but reasonable deduction will be made to those who advertise by the year. Letters on butiineeft, and all Communications intend ed r publication, must be addressed to ihe Editor, lHwrr paid. . The" Law of Newspapers. 1, All aiibcribers, who do not ivo express notice to the centra ry, are considered as wUhing lo continue their fmbfcripllon. ; , I . 2. If fubscribers order the discontinuance of their piprr3, tlic 'publisher may coatiauc to send them until all arrearages are piiJ. j ! 3. If subscribers npglcct or refuse takinjj their npors from the offices to which they arc sent, they are clil responsible mi meir uiua are eeiiieu anu ineir paper ordered to be discontinued. 1. The Courts have decided tlipit refusing to take a newspaper or periodical from the office, or removing anl leaving it uncalled for, is "prima facie evidence cf Intentional Fravd. U Ik It hns leccntlv'bccn decided: thakwhero a sab- scriber, failed to notify the Editor to discontinue his piper, at the end of the time for which he pubscribed, or pay up the arrearages, ho was bound for another year. CALIFORNIA. Kcporf of Ifon. T. Butler Jilng. Washington, March 22d,( 1850. Sin: In obedience to your instructions, dated the 3rd of April 'last, I proceeded to California by way of the Isthmus of Panama, and arrived at Sao ., Francisco on the foufth day of ITune. j The steamer in which I took paspngo wastlie first conveyance that reachcdj California with ' intelligence of tho inauguration of President Tay. or and the appoinment of his (cabinet,: and that Congress had failed to aid the Executive in provi ding a government for the peoples of that Territory. The greatest anxiety was naturally felt and inani. Tested to ascertain thecause of this Leglect on the part of the Government of the United States, and what steps duty to themselves required jthem to take; in the painful and embarrassing position in which they were placed, for their protection and wclfaro. '.' . , I" , I '. ' r . j A brief sketch of their condition will explain the ouse.of this. anxiety.; i Tho discovery of the gold mines had attracted n very large j number of citizens of the United States to that terry tory, who had never been ac ' .customed to any other than Atnerican laws, adtni Utcred by American ccurts. TThere they found their rights of property and person subject to the ohceitain, and frequently most j oppressive, opera tion of laws written in a language they did not understand, and founded on principles, in many respects, new to them. They! complained that the alcaldes, or judges, most of whpni' had been a noointcd or elected before the immigration had - commenced, were : not lawyers b'v education or profession; and, being Americans, they were, of course, unacquainted .with the laws of Mexico, or I no pricipios 01 uie civil taw oa which nicy founded. ; ; ;''!', 1 As our own laws, except for the collection of revenue, tho transmUsiont)f tha mails,! and estib lishment of oost offices, had not been extended over that Territory, the laws of Mexico, as they existed at the conclusion of e treat of. Gauda lupe Hidalgo, regulating the relations of tho inhab itants of California' with each; other, (necessarily remained in force; yet, there was not a singly ' tolumo containing those laws, as far as I know or -' believe, in the wbjole Territory, except, perhaps, irvhe Governor office, at Monterey, f . Tho magistrates, therefore,' could jnot procure them, and tho administration of justice1 was, neces sarily, as unequal and fluctuating as tho opinions of the judges wero conflicting and variable. " ' iThcre wero no fec.bills to regulate costs, and, consequently, tho most cruel exactions, in many instances, wero practiced. j v ) I The greatest, confusion prevailed respecting titles to property,' and the decision of puits, invol ving .the roost important rights, and very large sums of money depended upon tho dictum of tho judges. '" . ' .-, '-'J. J : ' Tho salo of the territory by Mexico to the Uni ted States had necessarily cut ofl or dissolved the laws regulating the. granting or jprocuring titles to land; and, as our own land. laws had not been extend. over it, the pconlawere compelled to receive such . titles as were oferebfothem, without the means of ascertaining vChether they ! were valid or not. t Litigation Was so expensive and precarious, that injustice and oppression were frequently endured, rather than resort to o uncertain a remedy. j Towns and cities were springing into existence many of them without charters or any legal ! riirht to organizo municipal authorities, or to tax. ; property or the citizens, for thej establishment of a i police, the erection of prisons, or providing any of : those means for the protection bf life and property which aro so necessary in all civil communities," J and especially anions a people mosllv strangers i to each other. i i i Nearly one million and a half of dollars had been paid into the customhouses,, as duties on im ported coods, before our revenue f laws had been extended over tho country; and the people com plained bitterly thct they we rej thus heavily taxed without being provided with their protection, or laws which they could -under stand, or aiioweu toe rigni to tho councils of ' the nation, i be represented in -, -4 ' i i Sce American Insurance ICompiny et al. V3. Canter, 1st rotor's Supremo Courts Report, 012. fe'lfeJ waitinir the : action of .conrrress. J oppressed and embarrassed by this state of aflairs, and ieeling the pressing necessity of applynr such remedie as were in their power and cirumstances seemed (o ustify they resolved to substitute laws of their own for the existing tystem, and io estab lish tribunals for j their proper and faithful ad minis tration. In 'obedience,! therefore, to the extraordinary exigenciesiot their condition, the people of the city of Sari Frajncisco elected members to form a Leirisl- tature, and clothed them with full powers to pas j laws. 1 4 , ; 1 '. I The communities'of Sonoma and of SacfarqenlOiJ city "followed ihe example i Thus ;wq re three legislative bodies organized; the twoj nnost dfstant being only one hundred and I thirty miles apart. . ' i. , '' wuieri itiovemeiHs oi mis kiuu were inreaienea, and doubtless would have-followed in other sections of the Ttfrritory had they not been arrested by the formation of State government.. ! f-;U;. While the'peopje of California were looking to Congress tor a Territorial government, it was quite evident that such an organization was. .dailv i be- coming ilesss suited to their condition, which was ' : - r I . I entirely idilflejrent from that of any of the -Territo. rics out jofi which ;the new States pt the Union had been formpdJ ' ' J " Thosi; Territories had been at first slowly and sparsely peopled Ky a few hunters and farmersi who perelrated the wilderness, or traversed the prairies ir search of, game or a new home, and, when thjUS gradually their population warranted it, a govern msnt was provided for them.1 iThey, however, had no foreign commerce, nor any thing! beyond the ordinary pursuits of agriculture and the 1 various jbrfanches oi business which usually accom- panyj, it, to induce imnsigration within' their borders Several! years 7 were required to giye them sufficient population and wealth to, place them J in a conamton 10 reauire.or ename mem tosuDoort. a St ate government. Not: so with Califonia. The discovery of the 1 vast metajic and mineral wealth in her mountains had already attracted to her, in the space of twelve months, more than one hundred thousand 'peopIeU and exjen siye commerce iad sprung up -with China, the ports -of Mexico on too racinc , fhili, a hd Australia. Hundrejds! of vessels' from the Atlantic ports of the Unipnj, freighted with our manufactures and agricultural products, "and filled with our (ellow citizensj Had i arrived, , or were on their passage round Capei Horn; so that in the month of June last thereKvere more than three hundred sea-going vessels Inithe port of San Francisco.- i - California 'has. a border on the Pacific of ten J degrees! oflatitudo, and. several Jmportaht habors which tiaye never .been surveyed; nor is there-a buoy, a I : . I I I' iacon, a light-house, or a fortification, on the whole coast. , There tre no docks for the repair of national or mercanUlb vessels nearer than New JY6rk, a dis- tance o sbme twenty thousand miles round Cane Horn. I I i t : ' ' All these things, , together with the proper regulations ! of the gold; region, the quicksilver mines thej survey and disposition of the public lands, the adjWrhcnt of land titles, the establishment, of a mint and jof marine hospitals, required the im- meuiaie iiormauon oi a more perieci civil govern ment tjiah California then had, and the J fostering care of Congress and the Executive. ! j . California had,' as it were by magic,' become a State of great wealth and powers One short vear had gi Veh her a commercial importance but little inferior to that of the most powerful of the old States She had passed her mmonty at a single bound J and might justly be regarded as fully enti- take her place as an equal among her sisters tied toi of tho Ulnion. j i - i. I Whjcnl ;therefore, the reality became l known to thej people ol that Territory that the Governn ment had done nothing to relieve ' them from the evils and! embarrassments under which they Were 8cflerngahd , seeing no probability of any change on the subject which divided Congress, thev adop. ted, withj most Unexampled unanimity and promp- titude; the only course which lay open before them the immediate formation of a State Gevernment. Theylwere induced to take this step not-'only for the reason - that : it promised the. most speedy remedy lor present .difficulties, but because the great and rapidly growing interests of the.Territo- ry demanded it; and all reflecting men saw, at a glance, Chat f it ought hot to be any longer, and could; nojt under any circumstances, be much longer postponed.- r - ' 1 They! not only considered themselves best, quilifiecfbut that they had the righ to decide, as far' as they were concerned, the embarrassing question which was shaking the Union tois centre, thus far deprived them of a regular organ and had ized cifil government. They believed that in forming a constitution, they had a right to establish or 'prohibit slavery, and that, in their action as a Statq, they, would be sustaind by the north. and the south. They were not unmindful of the fact, that while northen statesmen had contended that Con gresi has power to prohibit slavery in the Territor- ies, they ; had alivayis admitted that i the States of the Union had the right to establish it at pleasure. On the I other f hand, southern statesmen had almost. unanimously cqpfended that Congress has hot the constitutional power to prohibit slavery in the jTefitories, because they have not the power to establish, it; but that the people," in forming a govermpnt ; for themselves, have the right to do eithfe. If Congbess can rightfully do one, they cancer ainly do the other. - ,v V " j' i ' This is the doctrine put forth by Mr. Calhoun in his ielehrated resolutions of 1847s introduced into the Senate of the United Stales. f.,. ;' ., f:; .':'r - ' The people of California, therefore,! actiog in conjorntity with Jthe views thus expressed, and what'sebmed to-be the generally- admitted opinion in the States, had every reason to suppose, and did sjpposel tbatjjjby forming a constitution forthemi selves, t, and dec ieciding" this question in accordance with their . own views and Interests, they ' wbbld be received with open arms by all parties In taking this step they proceeded with "all the regularity which has ever characterized the Amer icaij people in discharging the great and important duties of selPgovenment. ! ! ; ' j 1 - - As already stated, 1 arrived at San Frncisco cn the monihg of the fourth of June. ?! j The steamer in' wjiich I was a passenger did not stop at Monterey? I therefctedid not see Gen eral Riley, nor had Ilany communieation'wiih him until about the middle of the month, when he come to San Francisco. A few davs after mv arrival, his proclamation calling a conventTbn to" form ! a State constitution, dated the third of June, was received. , I ! ! 1 '- ! 1 - i , The people acted in compliance with what they believed to be tb.0 ; views of Congress,-and conformably to the recommendations of the proc cbmation; and proceeded, on the day appointed, to eieci inemoers io a converuion ior, mo vpurpHse oi framing a constitution, to be! regularly submitted to the people for their ratification or rejection, and, if approved, to be presented to Congress, with a prayer for the admission of California, as a State, into tho Union. . j t I Ia i I desire here to make a brief -and emphatic reply - "7: 1 , i " to the various uniust most extraordinary accusations) and insinuations made respecting the movemen wlhich have been s of the people of California in forminir their State goverruent. I had no secret instructions, verbal ! or written, from the President, or any one else, what to say to the people of California on the subject of slavery, nor was it ever hintjd br inlimated to me that I was expected to at terjnpt 1 4 influinee their action in the slightest decree on the subject. That I never did, the people of California will bear me witness. In the Territory there was none of the machinery of party or of the press; and it is even more absurd to-suppose that any' secret influences, Jor or agJnnst slavery, could have been used there, tKari' it. "St'ould be to belie ve that thev could be successfully em d oved in Marv and or ueorcia. 1 therefore declare all assertions and insinuations, that I was secretlv instructed to.' or that I did in any way, attempt to influence thei peopfe of Cali fonia to exclude slavery from i their Territory, to be without foundation. The election of delegates 4 to tho ' convention proceeded,reiulariy in pursuance ot the - proposeo mode of holding it, and, as farj as I am informed, no questions were- asked whether a candidate was a w nig or a uemocrat or wneiner ne was irom the'North or the South. The only object seemed to be, to'find competent men who were willing to the sacrifice of time" which a proper discharge of their duties would require. ; ! 1 ' " : As soon after mv arrival at San Francisco as the arrangements of General Smith would permit, I proceeded with him to the interior of the country, forthe purpose of examining ihe"golf';egien, and other interesting and important portions of it. did not I return until j the 16ih of August. The elections had taken place when I was in, the moun tains. . I was taken ill on the 20th of thai month, an j was confined .to mvi bed arid mv room more than two months. . I : . The convention met on the! 1st of September, So it will be seen that I was not present where any election'was.held, nor had 1 any thing to do with selectinjr or bringino out candidates;, and my ill- ness issufficient poof that I did hot, and could not, naa l Deen qisposeo, exercise any iniiutaice in me convention,; which ;.was .sitting one huhdrad and thirty miles from where I was. ! j M r Some intimations or assertions, as I am inform-. ed, have been thrown; out that the South was not fairly represented in the convention. ' I am told of Congress elect from by two of the members California, who" were members of the convention, that of tHt thirty-seven delegates designated in. General Riley's proclamation, sixteen were from slavehoidinj, ten frpmj ribn-slayeholding States, and eleven who; were citizens bf California under the, Mexican governmehy and that ten ot those eleven came from districts below 36 degrees 30 . So that there Were in the convention twenty-six of the thirty seven members from the slaveholding Sta es, and from places south of the Missouri compromise line. H ' f r 1 I i It appears, on the fournal of the convention, that the clause in the constitution excluding slavery passed unanimously, i 'i ; j I now- proceed to give you the result of my inquiries, observations, ana reflections, respecting the population, climate, soil, productions the gen- eral character ot grants ot. land trom Mexico- the extent" and condition r ot the! public domain the commercial resourcs and prospects the mineral and metallic wealth ot Uautornia. i population. 1 ,''..'?. ' At the . close of the war with Mexico, it was supposed that there j were, i including discharged volunteers, from ten to fifteen thousand-Americans and Californians, exclusive of converted Indians, in the Territory. The immigration of Americanjcit? izens in 1849, up to the 1st of January last, was estimated at eighty thousand of foreigners twen- tv thousand. ' ' . , The population of Calif )rnia i may therefore be safely set down at 1 15v,000 at the commencement of the present year' . ' ' It is quite impossible to form anything like an accurate, estimate of the number of Inians in the Territory. Since ;the commencement of the war, and especially since the discovery of gold in the mountains, their numbers "at cthe missions, and in the, valleys near the coast have very much dimin- Uhed. In fact, the whole race seems to be rapid- ly disappearing. j I ' ! i P The remains of a vast number of villages in all the valleys of the Sierra Nevada, Vridiaong the foot-hills of that range of mountaihs, show that at no distant day there, must have been a numerous population where there is riot now an Indian to be seen i There are a few still retained in the service of the old Califormans, but! these do not amount to more than a few thousand in the whole Territory It is said there are large number of them inthe mountains and valleys about the. head-waters offlhe San Joaquin, along the western base of the Sierra, and in the northern: part of the Territory, and that they are hostile, j A number of Americans were killed by jhera during the ilast summer in! at tempting to penetrate high up the river in search of gold; they alsd drove one or. two j parties frctn Trinity rijer. mThey have in ; several instances attacked parties coming from or returning to Ore. gon, in thej section of cioot ry which ithe lamented Captain Warner was examiainjg when be was t; . e of t W: - .., 'lift It is quite impossible to form-any cstimi the number of thejse mountain. Indians; Sorne suppose thjere are as manv si three hundred thou snd in the Territory, but I should noi be inclined to believe jthat there can be one jthird of that, qu ru ber It is quite Evident that tbey are hostilei and that they Ought to be chastued for the murders already committed. 1 ; v ; - I 1 !' . . The small band with whom 1 1 met, scattered through the lower portions of the foot-hills oMhe Sierra, and in ths, yalleys betwatjn therii andj the coast, seemed to be almost the lowest grade of hu man beings. They live chiefly on acorns, roots. insects and the kernel of the pine burr occasion ally they catch fiish and game, , They use the; bow and arrow, but areisaid.to be too .lazy and efTemi hate to make successful hunter.. - They , do not appear to hiave tlip slightest inclination to culuvate the soil, nor do they even attempt it as far a$; I could obtain information -except when they! aro induced to enter the service of the white inhabi. tants. They have never pretended j to hold aoy interest in the soil nor havekhey been treated! by the Spanish or Americans immigrants a3possess: irig any.:: ' ip... I o 1 j.: I The Mexican gpvernment never; treatedjwith them for the purchase of. land, lor the relinquish ment of any claim to it whatever. ,They aro lazy, idle to the last degree, and, although' they are! said to be willing to give their services to any one who will provide them with blankets,' beef, and bread, it is" with much difficulty they can, b5 madeto! per form labor enough to reward! their or tormerly, atE the missions, those who were brought up and instructed by tho priests, road very good servants Many of these now attached to families seemto be faithful and intelligent. But those who are at all in aiwild and uiicultivdted stale are 'most degraded objecta of filth and idle- uessi It is possible that Government might, by cpllec tiqg. them t.ogetheri teach them in Some, decree, the artsand habits'cfciviliziition, but, if we may judge of the future, from the past, they will disap- pear frorn the faceof the-eHrth as the settlments of tno whites extend over the country.! A verv con. siderable military force will .be necessary, ho we v- er, to protect the j emigrants m the northern jand tin.illtApn rn tinner rC jKc tor frtnrtf 1 -1 i il SUUlllCIU UUIH Vi IUV.IVII.HUIJ . i t f HI CLIMATE. i. r,'T now! come to 'consider the climate The cli- mate of California is so remarkable in its periodi- cal changes, and for the long Continuance "pfl the wet andjdry seasons, dividing, as they do, tho! year into about two equal parts, which have a mostjpe- unoroKen.rayon me dry, unprotecxea sunace oi cuHar influence on the labor applied to agriculture the country, the" heat becomes so much greater in and the products of the soil, land, in fact, connect, lan-d than it is on the ocean, that an' undercurrent tnremseives so inseparamy wun au.ine miersis oi Ul ""i'l"' l" wiij n, lusuco ui the' country, thal'I deem'it proper briefljCko? men- he coast . rang .of hills, and through their numer tion the causes which produce these' changes,! and ous passes, towards the fnteiio'r. j ;v which, it will be seeni as this report proceeds must exercise a controlling infiaence on tho commercial nrosneritv and, resources oi me counirv. ; h 4 ; . " .. .... ... i ' 1 it is a welt estaoiisneu tneory, tnai tno currents of air under which the earth passes in its diurnal revolutions follow the line of the. sun's greatest at traction. These currents ot, air are drawn towards this line from great distances on each, side Of it; and as the earth revolves from west to east, thev blow from northeast and southeast, rneetino'. and of course causing a calm, on the' line. M j . t-i hus, when f the sun is directly, m coromonl parlance, over, the equator, in the month of March, these currents of air blow from; some distances north of the tropic bfOancer, VandTsOuth 'of the jtiropic of Capricorn, in n'blique direction towards this line of the sun's greatest. attraction, and forming' what are known as hexnortnca si ,,ana southeast iraae- winds. hh ! : M ; '! n f ' J As the earth, in its path round the sun,1 gradu- ally brings the line ot attraction north, in these currents of air are carried wit h it; su so mmer that about the middle of May the current from ! the northeast has extended as far as thq 38 th and 39th deirree of north latitude, and by the twentieth of June, the period of tho sun's greatest northern inclination,: to the northern ; pbrr)ons of California, and the southern section of Oregon'1 j jj f Tho northeast winds, in f their- progress across the continent towards the pacific-ocean, pass over me snow-cappeo nages oi iuo rvocKy uiuumaius and the Sierra; Nevada, and are of course deprived ot all the moisture wcicn can oe extracted irom them by the low. temperature of those regious of eternal snow, and consequently no moisture can be precipitated frq.m them; in t,he forrp of dew. or rain, in a higher temperature than that to which thev have been subjected. Theyjj therefore pass oyer the hills and plains ot Calitornia, where the tempera lure is very high in summer, m a very dry state; ana so iar iromm'ing cnargeu wun moisture, iney ausoro, UKe a sponge, an inai ine aimospnpe ana surface of the earth can jield, until bolh become, ' .i : . t i ! ! - ! ' ; I i . annarennw nenecuv qtv. s i A ins pruutrss cuutuicubcs,' as have said, when the line of the sun's grbatest attraction bomesnorthpM" r1" irrwl"5 I - in summer, bringing with it these vast atmospheric movements, and. in their approach, produce the dry season In California, which, governed by these lawsV'conthWuntU some time after the sun re passes the equator ineptember,1 when about the middle of Nove'mbbr, the I climate I being ietieved from these noriheast currents of air j the southwest winds seVin from the ocean1 charged with moisture the rains commence ? and contibue io fall not constantly, ! as"s)me perdny hayel represented, but wilh ufficiept Frequency t& desigdate the period of their continuance, j f vember : until the:middl& ojl May, iri the latitude of San Franciscb,Jas the :ir efjieawnj j j f , It follows, as a matter fbf course, - that the dry season commences first, and cbntiues longest, in the southern pbrlions of the Territory, and that the climate ofthe tiorthern part is influenced m 1 - . H i 1 : . : . much less degree, by the causes which I. have mentioned, thfta any other section Df the country . Consequently lwe find that aj low down as' latitude ,S9 degrees rajnsare suSScientlt frequent in sum iu rtirucr; iriigaiiou quiis uucccssary io lua perfect batunty of any crop which j is: suited to the soil andcurnate' ''mt 1 L:) There is anl extensive ocean; current br cblJ water, which' cocoes from tbo norijhern regions of the Pacific, or perhaps, from the Afcir, and flows along the coa$t of California. It' comes charged with, and ciniVs in its progress, air,! which ' appears in the1 form of fog when it comes io contact with a higher temperature on the American coast, as the gult stream , of: the Atlantic .exhales vnpor when it meets; in any part of its progress, u lowe temp erature.This current has not becjn surveyed, and therefore, its source, temperature,! velocity, width, and course, have. not been accurately! ascertained. It is believe by Lieuinant .Maury, on what ho considers iuffioient evidence and j ho hfghcr au thontyfean hcitedthal this'curent comes from the coast of hina and Japan, flows; 'northwardly to the peninsula of amtschatka,J arid, making a circuit to tho east w ard,stVikes the American coast in about latitude 41 or 42' degrees. It passes thence southwardly, and finally 'looses itself inlho tropics.;: viiv-s, ! : - Below ratiude thirty-nine," and west of the i foot hills f the iena Nevada the forest of California aj-e limited to some scattering groves of oak in". the valleys and 41ong4the v borders of tho Mreams, and of red wood cn the ridges and in the gorges of the hills sometimes extending into the plains. Somo of the hills are covered with dwarf 'shrubs, which may be used as fuel. ' With these) exceptions', tho whole territory presents a surface without trees or shrubbery. It is covered, however, with various species of grass, and for many rrjiles from the coast with wild oats, - which, ja the Mralleys, grow most luxuriantly, jj These grasses and bats mature and ripen early in the dry. season, and jsoon cease to protect the soil from the scorching rays of the sun. As the summer . advances, the moisture in IJie" at mosphere and the earth, to a considerable depth, soon becomes exhausted; and the radiation of heat, from the extensive naked plains &nd hill side's, is' very great. . '- ' r : " I " V , The cold, dry currents of jur from the northeast, after passing the Rocky mountain's and the Sierra Nevada, descend to : the pacific,! and absorb the moisture of the atmosphere, to ft great distance from the Jandi The cold air from the mountains, and that which accompanies the great ocean cur I mni frm ik nA.iU nf.(' ii,. u.n'mi .;!.) rwl vast banks of fog are generated' when driven by the wind,;has penetrating," or cutting, effect on -l I ' ' L' - 1 " ' !'.-:,- the human skin, much more' comfortable than would be felt fn the humid atmosphere of the At lantic, at a much lower lemperatur.e j as tnesun rises irom day to oay, weeic .atter week and montharter month, in pnclouded bright, ness duringthe dry Season, and pours .down his i ;Every daas the heat, inland, attains a sufficieut tempefaturej the cold, dry Iwmd from ' the ocean . vviu.ucm.es uww luisjs usuany irum cicui 1 .; 'r.ii.. - j .l j- ! . j-. " .i ij iu-y vue, auu as uru uay; aavances . mc wnm L increases and-continues to blow tilMate at night. Whenthe vacuum is filled, pr the equilibrium of jine aimospnere restored, mewinq ceases; a perieci calm prevails until . about. the same hour the tol- i lowing day,' when the same (process commences ; and progresses as before, and these phenomena are i of daily occurrence, with few e.xcep ions through out ne ary season. 1 J . The cofd winds and figs render the climate at , San Fahcisco, and all; along thej coast of Califor- nia, except the' extreme southern portion of it, probably more, uncomfortable! toj those not accus- tomed to It, in summer than in winter. ' u " ; , a few-miles inland, where the heat of the sun 1 modifies and 'softena the wind! from the ocean, the clinfate is j moderate anij delightful. rThe heat in J the middle'of the dav is not rti oreat a In retard I lahori' or renttpr prfrrisf In the! own nir tiiv-nm. fortable. -The nights are cold and pleasant., 'This decription of climate prevails in j all the 'Valleys along the coast range, and extends throughout the country, north and south,' as far eastward as the I m valley of the ' Sacramento and San Joaquin'.' In this vast, plain i the sea-breeze looses, its infl jence, and the degree of heat in the middle ot the day. during the smmer months, is much greater than iS known on the Atlantic coast in the same latitudes. 1 U IS dry, however, and probablv'not'more oppres sive.j Uq the toot'hiHs or the oierra ISevada, and especially in the deep'ravines of'lhe streams, , the the rmometefl frequently ranges from 110 to 115 ..... - -m. -V - in the-; shade,' during three or four hours of the day, say from eleven tmtif three o'clock. In the even- in?, as thaun declines, the radiation of the heat - ceases. The cool, - dry atmosphere from the mountains spreads over the whole country and renders the nights cool and invigorating -. ! : i These , v nations in the cliipate of Caldbrnia . .- - i i " - -"-vb? , mer is annoyed by the cold wmds and fogs, and pronounces the climate imderaMe,. A few months wdl modify ,fnot banish his dislike, and he will notlj1 appreciate the beneficial efiecli of a coo? . bracing atmosphere. Those who approach Cahfl.rnia 4 overland I, .through; th passes of ihe mountains, nd the heat of summer, in the middle of tbeday, greater than they have been accustomed' l0 before many complain of it. . ; ' Those 'who take up their" ; residence in the val- leys! which are situated: between; the great plain of the Sacramento and San Joaquin and. the coast range of bills, find the, climate',, especially in the dry season, as healthful and pleasant as il is possi ble for any climate to be which possesses sfficient heat to mature the cereal grains and edible roots of a 'tbe temperate one. .1 l 1 i! j
The Granville Whig (Oxford, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
April 27, 1850, edition 1
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