VACCINE VIROS.
MOW IT IS PREPARE1 FROM
HEALTHY CALVES.
The New York Board of Health's
Operating Room-Calves on the
Table Vaccinating Tbem
J and Collecting the Virus.
The New York Commercial Advertiser
.1 tit' rrll tA i a A t- rt oil 1 " f l r . 4 .... n 4.
which, perhaps, does more to keep down
,the dreaded winter ecourage (smallpox
than anything eke that the Board of
Health has devised, it is there that all
the va cine virus used in New York is
obtained. The loft extends about twenty
five feet on Mott street and runs back
about eisrhty feet, and is divided longi
tudinally into a stable, for the calves and
an operating room. Banged along the
northern part of the stable are twenty
tin stalls, and back of these are the cribs
whence the animals take their food. And
it is good food that the calves get, for
thel better condition the calf is in the
better the vaccine will be and the less
likely are injurious effects to follow when
it is used on a human peing. This stable
is in charge of a competent groom, who
devotes himself to the care of the animal,
watching any changes in their condition
and treating them accordingly. He, too,
sees that they are given all the hay and
Indjiaa meal they can digest. At the
south of this stable ia the operating room,
thej torture chamber of the animals when
they are subjected to the lancet of the
vaccinator. At the side next to the table
is the bench upon which the animal is
stretched when undergoing the opera
tion, and about the room are shelves
upon which lie hundreds of goose quills,
treated with virus, drying so as to be
ready for use. This room is airy and
well ventilated.
The calves a'l come from the big stock
yard, at Sixtieth street and the North
itivcr, where the men know about what
the doctors want and take much trouble
to pick out the particularly healthy ani
mals. Then they are brought to the
lower floor of the stable where the vete
rinary surgeon assigned to the vaccina-
iion oureau mases a caretui examination
of the animal. The animal, if pro
nounced in 'fit condition, is trotted up
stairs and given one of the little stalls in
thej top story. There he is allowed to
remain until he has fed well and is feel
ing! as though. he had at last found com
foi table quartc-s. Then he is hauled
out by the nose and tail to the operating
room. There he is held ouietlv until
one of the attendants buckles a strap
around his left hind leg. This strap,
.attached to a pulley rope, is given a
strong pull by an attendant and up goes
the; calf on the vaccinating table with a
thud and a snort of decided displeasure.
But his struggle arc utterly useless, for
by 'this time a heavy band is buckled
over his . nose and neck and .forelegs.
Then he is at the mercy of the
: 1 T1..1. A'L ,1 i.
surgeon. iut me taiier uues not
vaccinate at once. He lathers
the inside of the calf's hind legs
and then carefully shaves liway all the
hair. Then the animal is allowed to go
back to his stall and rest awhile until
the vaccinator ha arranged his virus and
his jvac. ine " spades. " These are long
points of bone and are used on the calves
KArfneA tVifv will Vi rl rl mrirn nf the virilR
than the ordinary quill. Because they
&re big and hold more than sufficient
virus to vaccinate an infant, they are
kept exclusively for the animal. After
a rest of an hour or so the calf is trotted
out of his stall again and again tossed
over on it side upon the vaccinating
board. Then the real work begins. The
doctor takes a big six-bladed lancet, and
; holding the knives together, cut? the
shaven skin of the animals as to just
pierce the outer layer. Then the oper
ator uses his lancet at right angels with
the original cuts, and so abrades the skin
that it will readily receive the virus from
the "spade." But the " spade M is not
used at first. The work beerins thus: All
the
blood is carefully cleaned away from
'abrasion, and then a quill holding a
the
small amount of virus is rubbed upon the
sjKt. Then comes the ' ' spade, " which
holds about four times as much virus as
the ordinary quill. The virus from this
m rubbed in carefully, and then the calf
s led back to h'i8 stall. As a rule four
abrasions are made upon the shaved skin
t the animal.
According to the statements of the
physician in charge of the vaccine stable,
the calves show no evil effects from the
-vaccination. Their appetite is unim
paired,, in fact they eat more than they
did before the operation, and show none
of that lassitude infants and adults often
do after vaccination. Their allowance
of food is increased. In this way, the
calves are treated for about seven days,
when the virus has done its work, and
.again the .animal is placed upon the
operating board, and then the important
business of collecting the virus Degins.
For doing this, the quills and "spades"
are prepared for the reception of the
virus. The quills which are taken from
Russian geese are purchased from an im
porter, who charges the Health Depart
ment $10 a thousand for them. They
nre tied up in bundles of 100, and sent
to the vaccine stables, where men cut
them into common lengths, and scrape
th ends so that they will hold the virus.
The animal is placed upon the operating
board as before, and the roughened end
of the quill used to take the vaccine. Then
comes the drying process,- and subse
quentlv the treated quilh are put into
hermetically sealed iars and stored in an
ice closet. They are then ready to be used
on the mo t delicate skin for the preven
tion of smallpox. The number of quills
of virus which can be obtained from a
calf range from five hundred to a thou
sand, and these are either used by the
physicians in the vaccination bureau or
by doctors whose patients do not care to
tin trotted hv the nublic physicians.
When the Board of Health has finished
ivMfh thft calves, thev are ordered to the
tfnrV vards where they are either sold
or slaughtered. As the calves used are
principally the healthiest that come into
the market the former fate generally
awaits them, but farmers are somewhat
shy of vaccinated calves and will not
"Ave so much for them as thev will for
those which have not been treated. The
iuiiet ea-ons of the vaccinating corps
ami for th:' virus collector i in thf eirlv
.autumn and the spring.
Standard Advice.
Would you respect yourself, keep your
heart and body clean.
Would you never be told a lie, do not
-ak a personal question.
Would you retain the love of a friend,
do not be selfishly exacting.
Would you enjoy quiet content, do
away with airs and pretences.
Would you sleep and have a good ap
petite, attend to your business.
Would you have others to respect your
opinions, hold and never disown them
yourself.
Would you have good health, go out
in the sunshine. Sickness is worse than
freckles.
HOUSEHOLD MATTERS.
Squashes.
The squash is a fruit of the gourd kind.
It is somewhat synonymous with our
marrow, and the recipes for cooking one
do equally for the other.
Pie: Line a deep plate with crust, and
Eour in the following mixture; two
reakfast cupful of strained squash,
mixed with four eggs; a teaspoonful of
spice or ginger, a cupful of sugar and a
teaspoonful of butter. Bake a pale
brown.
Baked: Cut in pieces and scrape well,
bake till tender, and eat with salt and
butter.
Fried: Cut the squash in thin slices
and sprinkle with salt. Let them stand
a few minutes, then beat an egg and dip
the slices in it. Fry in butter and serve
with sugar or salt and pepper, according
to taste. Nc o York JJerald.
It Miipes.
Steamed Oatmeal. Half pint oat
meal, one teaspoon of salt; put in two
quart basin and pour over it one quart of
boiling water; put it in a steamer and
steam two hours. Do not remove cover
during that tine.
Fried Eggs With Brown Sauce.
Brown two tablespoonfuls of flour in a
little butter, stir a little water into it, a
very little chopped onion and a pinch of
sugar and one of salt ; put it into a sauce
pan and boil for an hour, stirring occa
sionally to prevent it from getting lumpy."
Fry a couple of eggs in butter or lard,
place them in a dish, pour the sauce
over them and serve with fried bread.
Bread Omelette. To make a bread
omelette soak a cupful of bread in a.cup
ful of milk, or enough tp make it entirely
soft; beat three eggs smooth, mix them
with the soaked bread, season it palatably
with salt and pepper; put over the fire a
smooth frying-pan containing a table
spoonful of butter, and when it is hot
f)Our in fhc omelette ; with a thin knife
oosen the edges of the omelette as they
liarden from the sides of the pan ; shake
the pan gently to keep the omelette
loose.
Stewed Pigeons. Clean the pigeons,
cut them in quarters and put them, with
their giblets, in a saucepan with a little
water that is, do not cover them entire
ly; salt them to suit taste and season well
with pepper, sage and any spices desired
and add a tablesioonful of butter; cover
the pan closely and stew until tender.
Thicken the gravy with the yolk of an
egg beaten with four tablespoonfuls of
milk and a little flour, and when the
gravy thickens add another spoonful of
butfer. This rule is for one half-dozen
pigeons.
Pumpkin Marmalade. Pare, core
and cut into small pieces a medium-sized
ripe pumpkin of rich color; take six
pounds of sugar, one pint of .good cider
vinegar, a dozen cloves and one ounce of
best ginger; bruise the ginger and tie it
with the cloves in a spice bag, put it
with the sugar and vinegar in an earthen
jar or porcelain-lined kettle that will
hold two gallons; when it gets warm put
in as much pumpkin as the jar will hold,
pressing it down, and boil it until it is
well cooked (it will be quite transparent
and soft) ; take it out with a strainer and
set it near the fire while the liquid boils
to a thin syrup, put the pumpkin back
into the jar and let it boil for half an
hour, crushing it as much as possible the
whih: with a wooden spoon.
Household Hints.
A much worn broom is very hard
on
the carpet.
If possible, keep one utensil sacred to
onions alone.
The covers of the range should never
be allowed to get red hot.
If you wish your bread to be white,
put very little lard into the flour.
Cistern water may be purified by char
coal put in a bag and hung in the water.
If your flat-irons are rough, rub them
with fine salt and it will make them
smooth.
Wash cloths should be thoroughly
rinsed in water with soap and a little,
ammonia.
To clean tinware, dampen a cloth, dip
it in soda, rub the ware briskly, after
which wipe dry.
To prevent drain pipes from stopping
up pour a hot solution of potash into
them every two months.
The luster of morocco mav be restored
by varnishing it with the white of an
egg. Apply with sponge.
Miss Parloa says ; "Let the sink rect
on iron legs. The space under it should
not be enclosed, as every dark place is a
source of temptation to a slovenly do
mestic. An excellent way of cooking eggs is to
break them in boiling milk without beat
ing. Cook slowly, occasionally stirring,
and when done add pepper, salt, and
butter.
For coffee stains try putting thick
glycerine on the wrong side and washing
it out with lukewarm water. For
raspberry stains weak ammonia and
water is the; best.
There should be a small table about the
hight of the , range for, use as a resting
place foi utensils when omelettes, griddle
cakes, etc., are made. It shoulif be
covered with zinc.'
Spirits of camphor will remove tfruit
stains of all kinds from white goods if
applied beforei the goods have been wet.
Wasn ami Don in lue usual manner, uuu.
you neeu not iook ior me siain, lor it.
will not be there.
A Misplaced Comma.
The part that a comma may play in
history was never better illustrated
r ... r 1- rww.
than by the iate ot juancnoona. mis
place, according to a writer in this
months rroceeuings oi iwai
Geographical Society, is a. paradise on
on the borders oi cnina. inougn a
luxurious and luxuriant land, it has,
however, for years been considered a
country of ice and snow, and all because
its great mountain is' misspelt "Cha'ng
nnS.clvan" fnr " h'nnT-mi-fihan " The
" - c i
latter is its real name, and means "the
long, white mountain" the white
pumice stone being referred to. Cha'ng,
however, means "perpetual," and mis
placing the comma, both Chinese and
European geographers concluded that a
land with a "perpetual white mountain"
mut l'e cold and sterile. So they
brought the top of the mountain above
the snow line, and gave out to the world
that this "Garden of Eden' was another
Iceland. Such it has been held for
ages. ' '. '
They Get a Best.
When the autumn leaWs are falling, and the
nights are growing lrnig, '
When the forest's tuneful choir have ceased
to trill their summer soug.
When chilly northern breezes wilt the grasses
and the flowers,
And the twittering swallows leave us for a
warmer clime than oui-s,
When flies no longer bother us as breaks the
early dawn,
And morning oft beholds a coat of hoar frost
on the lawn, -The
lover by hislaiy in the parlor is received,
A nd the hinges f the garden gate are of a
weight relieved.
FAMOUS TRIPS.
TRIPS MADE BY PRESIDENTS
SINCE WASHINGTON'S TIME.
The First President's Fine Tarnoxit
Monroe's Tour Jackson In the
East Accidents Daring Tours
The Saddest Tour of All.
An interesting article upon the tours
of the Presidents appeared in the GW
mopolitan. It stated that President
Washington made two important tours.
The first one, in 1789, extended to Ports
mouth, N. H., and to Washington.
Two years later he took a tour through
the South. President Washington had
the finest turnout of his time. His horses
were blooded ones, and his , English
coach was the wonder of New York.
Enthusiastic demonstrations of respect
and honor met him everywhere except in
Boston. John Hancock, who sat in the
Gubernatorial chair at the time, consid;
ered his position equal to that of Wash
ington, and said that while Washington
was sovereign of the United States he
was sovereign in Massachusetts, and that
it was Washington's duty to make the
first call. Hancock failed to meet him
at the city line, as was expected, and
Washington declined an invitation to
attend a dinner gfven by the Governor
that evening. Hancock was remon
strated with. ' His theory of State sov
ereignty was overborne, and, having
slept upon the matter, he became con
vinced that Washington would not call,
and sent the following note :
Sunday, 26th October, 1 o'clock.
The Governor's best respects to the Presi
dent. If at home and at leisure, the Gov
ernor, will do himself the honor to pay his
respects in half an hour. This he would have
done much sooner had his health in any de
gree permitted. He now, hazards everything
in respect to his health for the desirable pur
pose. To this President Washington replied
as follows:
Sunday, 3Cth October, 1 o'clock.
Th President of the United States presents
his best respects to the Governor, and has
the honor to inform him that he will be at
home until 2 o'clock. The President need not
express the pleasure it will be to him to see
the Governor, but at the same time he must
earnestly beg he will not hazard his health on
this occasion.
The Governor managed to smother his
pride and made a brief call. Later on,
to mollify the Governor, Washington
took tea at his house.
Neither John Adams nor Thomas Jef
fersonftook Presidential tours in the
sense in which the word is used to-day,
and there was a decided doubt in Presi
dent 'Jefferson's mind as. to their propri
ety. All of the first Presidents were,
however, men of wide travels. Wash
ington went to the West Indies as a boy,
and his whole life after his return was
made up in passing from one point of
this country to another. Jefferson, Madi
son and Monroe were all employed in
diplomatic missions to the various courts
of Europe; and Jhn Quincy Adams, be
ginning his travels at the age of fifteen
years as the Secretary of our Legation of
the Com t of the Czar, kept up his travels
for a long lifetime at the Government's
expense or out of the salary received
from the Government. Martin Van
Buren started to England as Minister to
the Court of St. James during Jackson's
Administration, and Jackson himself had
led an active life and seen much of the
country during his campaigns and his
ante-Presidential career.
After Washington the next purely
Presidential tour was that of Monroe,
whose reign was known as the Era of
Good Feeling. In the summer of 1817
he took a tour throughout the North. He
left Washington in June and was con
veyed up the Delawai e from Wilmins
ton in a gorgeouv barge, which was
lined with crimson velvet and which was
rowed by sixteen oarsmen dressed in
scarlet vests, white sleeves and white
trousers, ne was everywhere received
With the greatest enthusiasm.
President Jackson made his fameus
tour through the Eastern States in 1833.
Baltimore and Philadelphia received
Jackson in grand style. He received a
great ovation in New York, and at New
port, Concord, Providence and Boston
there were grand demonstrations in his
honor. At Boston, Harvard. College
made him an LL.D. One of the seniors
addressed him with a speech of welcome
in Latin. The tour, though successful
in winning friends for the President, was
fnll of accidents. In New York the
bridge that connected Castle Garden
with the Battery gave way with the
weight of the crowd upon it just as the
President had landed on the other side
nd precipitated the spectators into the
water. Again, the General's horse took
fright while going up Broadway, and on
another occasion the wadding of a cannon
came within a few inches of singeing the
the General's bristling, head of frosted
hair.
The tour of John Tyler to Boston did
not call out gre it demonstrations, and
the lack of enthusiasm at Baltimore and
Philadelphia was painfully expressive.
Andrew Johnson's famous tour to
Chicago, was full of stirring incidents.
General Grant was very fond of travel
ing, and during his Presidency he made
many trips, but they were not of the
speech-making character. Rutherford
'B.-Hayes made one tour throughout the
South. The trips of President Arthur
were largely made for his health, and
they embraced many fishing and hunt
ing excursions. The trip to.the Yellow
stone Park and that to Florida were the
f longest of them. During his Florida trip
he became so ill that the newspapers were
filled with reports that his life was in
danger. During the earlier part of the
Florida trip a stone was thrown through
the window of his special car" and as the
train approached Wilmington, on the
outward journey, the coupling that
attached the car to the train broke and
left the President and his party for some
time in the woods, while the remainder
of the passengers were carried two miles
onward.
It was thus, it will be seen, with Presi
dent Arthur as with the majority of the
Presidential tourists of the past. A
singular fatality seems to attend them
while on the road. Washington was in
sulted and caught cold at Boston; Jack
son had his nose pulled at Alexandria,
and narrowly escaped death from a can
non at New York. Tyler had two mem
bers of his Cabinet killed while making
an excursion down the Potomic on the
Princeton, and a trip full of accidents
was that which President John Quincy
Adams made with Lafayette in visiting
ex-President Monroe at his home at Oak
Hill, Ya. The last great tragedy of our
history occurred on the eve of a Presi
dential tour. Perhaps the saddest tour
a President ever made was that which
Garfield took some weeks later when he
was carried to Elbcron to die.
A coyote in Washington Territory
was attacked by an immense hawk that
hit him fair on the baek of the head. The
coyote would duck its head, then make a
snap at the lawk, hut could not reach it,
and at the end of twenty minutes was
literally pecked to death.
WOBDS OF WISDOM.
Cleverness is a sort of genius for instru
mentality. It is the brain of the hand.
Humility leads to the highest distinc
tion, because it leads to self-improvement.
Enthusiasm s the genius of sincerity,
and truth accomplishes no victories
without it.
The manner of saying or doing any
thing goes a great way toward the value
of the thing itself.
It is better to have thorns in the flesh,
with grace to endure them, than to have
no thoi nt and no grace.
In the loss of an object we do not pro
portion our grief to its real value, but to
the value our fancies set upon it.
The man who doesn't know much, and
his name is legion, is the one mst
anxious to display his knowledge.
The love of singularity proceeds from
a restless mind, possessing some portion
of genius and a large portion of vanity.
Oppression makes wise men bad ; but
the distemper is still the madness of the
wise, which is better than the sobriety
of fools.
A happiness that is quite undisturbed
becomes tiresome. We must have ups
and downs. The difficulties which are
mingled with love awaken passion and
increase pleasure.
There is this difference between those
two temporal blessings, health and
money Money is the most envied, but
the least enjoyed; health i3 the most en
joyed, but the least envied.
Every increase of knowledge may pos
sibly render depravity more depraved, as
well as it may increase the strength of
virtue. It is in itself only power, and
its value depends on its application.
Yesterday is yours no longer; to
morrow may never be yours; but to-day
is yours, the living present is yours, and
in the living present you may stretch
forward to the things that are before.
An Interesting Plant Duel.
Some time ago my pupils were much
interested in finding what they not inap
propriately termed a hand-to-hand con
flict between a sumach and a climbing
bittersweet. Judging from appearance
when found, the sumach was about two
inches in diameter when the bittersweet
first wound its coils about it, . As the
growth of each proceeded, the coils be
came tighter and tighter, cutting into
and through the bark and growing layer
of the sumach which seemed to be
threatened with strangulation. It was
not, however, to be so easily vanquished.
It resolutely kept up its manufacture of
new material, which, owing to the tight
embrace of the vine, had to be dis
tributed along a spiral line immediately
.above the coils. Just below the coils the
supply appeared to be. cut off, as the
trunk was then shriveled and in most
places dead. Although rendered unsightly
the tree presented the curious features of
having two spirals, one of living and grow
ing, the other of dead and decaying ma
terial wound about its heart wTood, . so
that the whole resembled a huge auger.
To avenge this deformity the sumach pro
ceeded to push its new growth out above
and over the coils of the vine until at
one place it had completely encompassed
it. The vine, in turn was now so tightly
squeezed as to cut off from communica
tion with the ground, and below this
point but little life remained. Victory
now seemed within the . grasp of the
sumach. The vine, however, in the last
extremity now united itself with the
growing layer of the sumach, and thus
literally drew from the camp of the
enemy whatever supplies were needed to
keep its top bright and thrifty. At this
stage the conflict was cut short" by the
axe of the collector, and the combatants,
locked in each other's arms, were laid
away among the curiosities of a museum.
Journal of Education.
Professional Pall-Bearingr.
A gloomy-looking individual in Phila
delphia told a News reporter that he was
a professional pall-bearer, and' told the
following story oi how he started in has j
peculiar calling: ' ,
"Some years ago there was a strike in
my trade. I am a carpenter, and during
one of my idle days I passed a house
where there was a funeral. Stopping, to
watch it, I was approached by the under
taker, who asked me if I was going to
the funeral. I said no, that I knew no
one thsre. He then asked me if I had
any objection to being a pall-bearer. I
said I had none, provided I was paid for
it, and we finally struck a bargain. I
made as much that afternoon as I would
had I worked all day at my trade, and
since then I have adopted pall-bearing as
a means of livelihood. I dress in black,
as you see, and each morning look over
the death notices. I have found that
my services are very seldom required
where the funeral is that of a young man
or woman, or where Ithe deceased has
belonged to any secret societies, and that
my most protitable customers are those
who have outlive most of their com
panions. If the dead person happen? to
be an unmarried lady, past the meridian
of life, I am nearly always certain of the
job. I find that at funerals the propor
tion of female attendants outaumbers
the male about four to one, and that
mosf of the latter are close relatives. As
it is generally the rale to select the pall
bearers from among those not connected
with the family, you can see that my
services are very frequently in demand.
I generally seek out the undertaker and
make my bargain with him, and I aver
age about two funerals a day. It is a
nice, easv sort of life, and eminently re
spectable. You will have to excuse me
now, as I have a funeral in this street
and must get off here.
A Mouse Nest in a Window Curtain.
A family party was sitting at a dinner
when one of the children noticed that a
mouse was slowly and carefully toiling
up the damask window cuttain with
something in its mouth. The little crea
ture was not disturbed, says a writer in
Chatterbox, but was carefully watched
till she disappeared in a fold of the cur
tain. After awhile she emerged and ran
down to the floor, and so disappeared.
On examining the curtain, four very lit
tle mice were found in one of the folds,
which formed a kind of pouch, and
would have been comfortable enough
without any lining; but Mrs. Mouse had
not thought so, for she had placed in the
fold some soft wool stolen out of a rent
in a sofa cu-hion. The following day
all the little mi.e had disappeared; the
mother mouse evidently knew that her
nest had been discovered, and was 'no
longer a safe dwelling place for her
family.
A Warm Welcome.
When early spring -tole softly to this shore.
I gave to thee a very glad farewell;
I vowed that I would see thes nevermore,
Thy charms were gone and broken was the
spelL
We meet again, and warm is thy embrace.
Ab, broken pride! Still on thee must 1
dote;
Believe me, none has come to take thy place
My old, last winter's overcoat!
Tid-Bits.
FOR THE HOUSEWIFE.
To Preserve for Wlatexv
A New York correspondent of Prairie
Farmer gives the following directions:
Slake half a peck of lime and add 10
gallons water. Stir well, and after a
day or so, pour off the clear liquid and
fiil the firkins or crocks to be used for
packing. Place the eggs in layers, the
small end downward, filling the vessels
to within one and one-half inches of the
top. Lay a thick cloth over the whole
and over this a close-fitting cover. Keep
them In a cool place.
"John's Wife," of Missouri, says:
Greasing the eggs to exclude the air,
and then packing in common salt, is a
good way to preserve them. I find that
by setting the round oval eggs, the
majority of chicks are pullets. I have
tested this and never failed.
. Recipes. '
Sugar Cookies. One cup butter, two
cup? of sugar and three eggs. Flour
enough to make a soft doughy flavor
with cinnamon or nutmeg and bake in a
moderate oven. ; "
Lemos Marmalade Take lemons,
peel and extract the seed. Boil ' the
lemons until soft, add the juice . and
pulp with a pound of sugar to a pound
of lemon. Boil to thicken.
Sally Lcxk. This is good for both
breakfast and tea. A pint of sweet milk,
two eggs, butter the size of an egg, two
tablespoonfuls s'ugar, two teaspoonf uls
baking powder, a teaspoonful salt, and
enough flour to make a stiff batter. Mix
all well together and bake in a buttered
pan in a quick oven. - Use hot
Cinnamos Buns. When making
bread reserve a quart of the dough,, and
work well into it a teacupful sugar -and
half a teacupful butter. , Roll out half
an inch thick, and cut into long, narrow
biscuits, spread them thickly with sugar
and cinnamon, let them rise until light,
and bake in a quick oven.
Egg Balls fob Soup. They are made
by first boiling 4 eggs hard; when cold,
rub the yolks fine and mix with them
the yolk of a raw egg, and one teaspoon
ful flour. Add pepper and salt to the
taste and a little finely-chopped parsley.
Form into little balls, and boil two min--utes
in water. They are then ready to
put at once into the tureen with the
soup.
MrscED Ham and Eoss. A nice way
to use up remnants of cold boiled ham is
to mince it, and to half a pound of ham
melt a ' tablespoonful butter in a frying
pan, add the ham and a little hot water,
let it heat up quickly, then spread it on
buttered toast, and on each piece lay a
poached egg. Quite a dainty breakfast
can thus be made from what at first
thought might
might
seem verv ua-
promising. -
Squash Biscuit Dissolve half a cake
of compressed yeast in half a cupful of
cold water. Mix it together with a cup
ful ad a half of sifted squash, half a
cupful of sugar, one cupful of milk, four
tablespoonfuls of butter and half a tea
spoonful of salt ; then stir the whole
into five cupfuls of flour, knead it well
and let it rise over night. In the morn
ing make into biscuits. Let them rise
an hour and a half and bake half an
hour.
Salad Dressing. Take the yolks of
2 eggs, a teaspoonful of mustard, a salt
spoonful of salt, a pinch of cayenne, and
a tablespoonful of sugar. Beat these
well together with a small egg-beater,
Until they are perfectly smooth; then
! add, drop by drop, half a teacupful
olive oil, stirring briskly all the time, or
until a firm, compact mass results. Now
add 3 tablespoonfuls vjnegar, and when
that is well incorporated with it a tea
spoonful of lemon juice. This dressing
is nice for potato salad, chicken and
lobster salads, etc.
Origin of the Word Cigar.
The origin of the word cigar is of
some interest, and is not to be found in
the ordinary dictionaries. The word, of
course, is Spanish, and Littre in his
French dictionary, says that it is derived
from cigars, the Spanish name for grass
hopper, and is so called because of the
resemblance of the article to the body
of a grasshopper. This seems very far
fetched, and there is another derivation
which seems more ' reasonable. When
the Spaniards first introduced tobacco
into Spain from the island of Cuba in
the sixteenth century they cultivated
the plant in their gardens, which, in
Spain, are called cigarrales. Each grew
his tobacco in his cigarraL and rolled it
up for smoking, as he had learned it
from the Indians in the West Indies.
When one offered a smoke to a friend
he could say: "Es de mi cigarral" It
.is from my garden. Soon the expression
came to be "Este cigarras es de mi
cigarral'' This cigar is from my garden.
And from this the word cigar spread
over the world. The name cigarral for
garden comes from cigarra, a grasshop
per, that insect being very common in
Spain, and cigarral meaning the place
where the cigarra sings.; In this way
the word cigar comes from cigarra, the
name of the insect, not because it re
sembles the body of the grasshopper,
but because it was rown in the place it
frequents. Chicago Tribune.
A Maiden's Mistake.
Bride "Did you receive the piece of
wedding cake I sent youf
Schoolmate "Yes, dear.'
".Now, tell me what kind of a husband
you dreamed about."
"I don't like to think about it. He
was an awful creature, with hoofs and
horns and the most horrible face you
;ould imagine. ' Oh, it was terrible."
"Mercy me '. Did you put the cake
under your pillow?"
"No, I ate it." Omaha World.
POPDLAE SCIENCE.
A French horticulturist, Count da
Buysson, insures the growth of seeds so
old as to have a doubtful germinating
power by soaking them for thirty-six
hours in water containing a little guano
r ctlicr sourqe of nitrogen.
At the Sail Scrvola insane asylum,
reached by gondola from Venice, very
complete and scientific histories of cases
are required and recorded. The skull
of every patient is accurately examined
and measured, no less than fifteen meas
urements being taken, according to the
Italian craneometrical system", and re
corded in the history. "l
The photographer's lens is more dis
cerning than the naked eye. A recent
photograph of a figure-painting by an
American artist shows that a woman's
gown was first painted a hue and texture
very different from that finally chosen,
the underlying brushwork appearing
plainly in the photograph, though not
seen by the most . attentive observer of
the original picture. In like manner
photography reveals stars that to the hu
man eye are not distinguishable .from,
nebulous matter.
From all accounts of the "silver
snake" of Honduras it most resembles
quicksilver in its movement. On3 trav
eler tells of a specimen four inches long
and about the size of fence wire which
it was impossible to hold when, taken in
the hands. The statement is repeated, ,
which is said' to made on good authority,
that fowl often eat .these snakes and
shortly after can have the pleasure of
doing so again, as in a few moments one
will wiggle through the alimentary canal
and can perform the feat many times
without tiring. ,
Some men working in a coal shaft at
Pana, 111., came upon a peculiar snake
that had apparently been blasted up by
the last &hot that had been fired. It was
alive and -coiled up in a bunch' when one
of the workmen disclosed it with a
shovel. It had no eyes, apparently. : The
laborers say that a cavity was discovered
in a large chunk of earth that was proba
bly the abiding place of the snake ere it
was dislodged. It is claimed that the
snake could not in any way have fallen
in from the top since the fall would have
killed it. The length of this underground
reptile was perhaps two feet. It was
sleek and beautifully spotted, but unlike
any known species on" the surface. ,
Conformably to the laws of advance
and retreat of glaciers, it is said those in
the valley of Chamounix,Switzerland,are
now beginning to advance. The lower
extremity of the Glacier des Bossons is
"not more than 8,000 feet above the
level of the sea," and is going still lower.
During the last three years this lower ex
tremity has "advanced at the rate of fif
ty yards a year." It is said that "a
grotto cut out of the ice in May, 1866, a
quarter of a mile from the extremity,has
moved down more than sixty yards." Al
though other Alpine glaciers, which can
not be so definitely observed, are known
to be increasing in width and height, it
will require many years of the present
speed ''before they occupy ground which
within the memory of living persons they
once covered."
Epsom salt is the name given in phar
macy to the hydra l,ed sulphate of mag
nesia, which was obtained over two hun
dred years ago by evaporating the waters
of some mineral springs at Epsom, Eng
land. Sea water was afterward found to
contain it, the brine .remaining after the
separation of the common salt consisting
of the sulphate of magnesia and the
Chlorides of magnesium and calcium It
was readily obtained by collecting the
first crystals which formed and washing
them with a strong solution ofe the same
salt. An excellent quality is manufac
tured at Baltimore and Philadelphia from
the mineral magnesite, a silicious hydrate
of, magnesia, which jis found in the ser
pentine of this region. The mineral, re
duced to powder, is dissolved in sul
phuric acid. The product, after drying; is
calcined in order to decompose the sul
phate of iron. It is then dissolved in
water, and any iron present ia precipi
tated by sulphuret of lime. . The crystaU
of sulphate of magnesia are separated
and dissolved again to complete their
purification.
A Great Amsterdam Industry.
One of the great industries of Amster
i ,it .1 it .v . ii! 3 i:v.
aam (iiouauaj is we cutting uu pu nett
ing of diamonds; and nearly all the finest
diamonds in the world are taken there to
be cut into shape. We will make a visit
to one of the principal diamond establish
ments, and when we get there I think we
shall be surprised to find a great factory,
four or five stories high, a steam engine
in the basement, and fly-wheel and
leathern bands and all sorts of whirring
machinery in the different stories. On
the very top floor the diamonds are fin
ished and polished, and here we see
skillful workmen sitting before rapidly
revolving disks of steel, against which
the diamonds are pressed and polished.
It requires gTeat skill, time andpatience
before one of these valuable gems is got
into that shape in which it will best
shine, sparkle and show its purity.
Nearly half the diamonds produced in
the world, the best of which come from
Brazil, are sent to this factory to be cut
and polished. Here the great Koh-i-noor
was cut, and we are shown models of
that and of other famous diamonds that
were cut in these rooms. St. Nicftolas.
The Samoan Islanders.
The coral-reefed Samoan Islands, in
the South Pacific Occanin which Ger
many, England and the United States
have" been for some time past commer
cially interested, are now in possesion of
the . Germans, who have deposed King
Malietoa, carried him off to New Guinea,
and put a rival in his place. The natives
are of a dark copper color, and are usu
ally nude from the waste upward. The
better sort of Samoan houses are roofed
with palm-trees. Doors are seldom used,
a mat is suspended in the doorway at
night, so dogs and fowls walk in and out
without hindrance. Boiled plantains,
wild fruit and bananas, with an .oc
casional pig or fowl, form the chief food
of the natives. For clothing, the paiain,
wrapped round the waist and tucked in
at the top, is universally worn. Kava,
the favorite native drink, which many
Europeans also get fond of, is made
from the root of a shrub, dried or pounded.
Frank LedU's.
Beggars
on
Horseback.
Buenos Ayres U one of the few cities
in the world where the proverbial beggar
on horseback is actually encountered.
His mount, however, is not necessarily a
sign of affluence; horseflesh is cheap in
the Argentine Republic, and the poorest
may choose a wreck of a ,steeu from
among those sent to the jaluilcro for the
value of their' skin, and of the oil
extracted from their wornout carcasses.
3Iounted on a skeleton beast, whose own
scanty sustenance is picked up along the
wayside and in the straw-s'trewn market
place, the mendicant really succeeds
in doubling the show of misery which,
together with certain pretensions in the
jvay
f fortune-telling or medical
is his stock-in-trade. Frank
THE IIOIXE EDCT02,
Insects in Cars.
Few trcfcbles Are more annoying- y
more productive of serious difficult jt 1
pot removed, than insects in ears. Iky
ing upon soft meadow grass, or sleeping
upon a camp-bed of fragrant spruce, brrfr
of different denominations seem paU t
scssed with a desire to inspect car
auricles. Once inside, their frantic ef
forts to escape cause such agony ths
people have gone temporarily crazy witl
it. This may be instantly stopped by
pouring the car full of sweet oil, whicit
suffocates the insect, and he is easily re
moved later by a syringe and warm wafer.
Avoid intruding pins, etc., into earn
Much harm may thus be done to their
delicate mechanism, and little to the
cause of all the trouble. If is not rcadUj
accessible use water, which is almost MM
good. '
Earache in any form may be quickly
relieved by filling the organ with chloro
form vapor from an uncorked bottle
vapor only, not the liquid ; and mamma'
bag should always contain a small vial cl '
it, as it is useful in many ways. Teat
drops upon a lump of sugar is an excelleuC
remedy for hiccough or ordinary causes
and I have recalled to life more than oxr
person pronounced dead from sunstroke
with a half-teaspoonful, clear, poureSt
down the throat. Cultivator.
Health Hints. - " .
Popcorn is good for nausea and cro
berry for malaria.
Eating onions and horseradish
claimed to relieve dropsical swellings.
The Turkish bath will reduce weigUi.
several pounds in the course of an hosr
or two.
Half teaspoonful doses of borax, twio
a day, are found to reduce
spleen. '
enlarged.
For neuralgia try a flannel wrung oci cf
hot water and sprinkled .thickly wit
black pepper.
The common hard red, pimples on ti
r face may be cured by frequent bathing tt
vue iaco wivn salt water.. ,
Nothing better can be applied to at
severe cut or bruise than cold turpentine;
it will give relief almost instantly. (
Lime water is good for chilblains. Use
strong and hot. A saturated solntiojtr
of alum in water, used hot, is also a euro
tive. The white of an egg beaten and rubbed
into the head thrfle or four times a week:
it is claimed will prevent the hair front
falling out. '
The best treatment for a bunion, ia
Professor Gross's opinion, is the follow
ing: The patient should wear a broad
boot, apply a blister to the bunion,, re
move the skin, and then freely apply
mixture of cosmolinc and tannic acid,
equal parts.
Dairy Manufactures in the Orient. '
Butter and cheese are frequently men
tioned in the Bible, and the Arabs and
Syrians probably follow the old Hebrew
style of dairy manufactures. The miBc
for butter making is put into a copper
pan, placed over a slow fire, adding
small quantity of sour milk, or the dned
en trail of a lamb. After the milk Ss
warmed through, and begins to curdle,
it is poured into a goatskin bag, whkk
is then tied to one of the tent poles, and
kept constantly in motion for two hours.
The butter then separates from the fluid
part and is placed by itself in another
skin. In two days after it is again put'
into a pan, and subjected to the action
of a slow fire, with the addition cf
"bourgoul ! (wheat boiled with leaven and
? dried in the sun), and allowed to boil
"'for 'some time, during which i.t "is care
fully skimmed. The bourgoul precipi
tates all the cheesy matter, and tine;
btitter then remains quite clear above-.
,ThiS. butter is of a white color, and
jjossesses a flavor not at all relished by"
' Americans or Europeans, or, indeed, by
any one accustomed to the use of butter
tnade from cow's milk churned in lbs .
'tisual war.
The cheese now made in Palestine is s.
,very inferior article. The milk ia curdled
either by sour-buttermilk, or a decoctlom
f of the great-headed thistle, or wild arti
choke. The curd is then put into email
baskets and pressed. It is cxccssiveVf
salted; and when the cheese is made jt
appears in the form of small, round,
.white cakes, without rind, which soca
become hard and dry throughout. At
imitations are made of Brie. Neuchatel
and other Swiss cheeses, but I have
never, seen any imitation of the hard,
rancid, bad-tasting cheese of Palestine.
American Cultivator.
Professional Physiognomies.
The professions also leave their traces
in the forms of the organs and in the
features. "The bearing of the soldier
says 31. ifantegazza, "is precise, stiff,
and energetic ; that of the priest, supplo
and unctuous. The soldier, even im
civil life, shows . in his movements the
habits of obedience and command; while
the priest in a lay dress wears the mark
of the cassock and. the cloth, and his
fingers seem all the time to be blessing
or absolving." fco many other proier
sions may be recognized by their atti
tudes, but there are limitations in tba
matter; for physiognomy, as M. Mante-
gazza says, cannot yet ue consiuerea n
exact science, because we do not yefc
know all the elements of the problem. It
has, nevertheless, its well established
general laws. We are not likely to con
found a frank physiognony with a tricky
one, or an honest face with the face of
debauchee or rascal." Iicvue dtt Deim
Monde$. '
A Pi?
asT
Night Watchman
Hamilton, - Van Bares
A farmer
in
County, says the Detroit Neicr a the
owner of a pig which docs duty about
the premises as a watchman, and the
value of its services are so appreciated
that it is allowed the freedom of the farm .
after nightfall. It spends its time in pa
troling the barn and door yards, and
thievery has been unknown since it be
gan its vigils. It doesE not hesitate to
attack a stranger, and even succeeded in
putting a lot of neighbors to flight as
the were making a descent upon the
house in the shape of a surprise party
the other evening. Dogs, however, are
it3 particular veal, and all the curs of the
vicinity have ' been vanquished so
to show its nose in the vicinity. .
An Eajle Attacks a fair.
W. 1L Pease, who resides near Mount
Hamilton, Santa Clara County, Cal., says
his attention was attracted to the cries
of his cattle in his corral, and ongoing
to learn the cause he saw a very large
eagle trying to fly over the fence with a
young calf in his talons. Mr. Peaso
seized a pitchfork and struck the bird,
which let go the calf and attacked him,
and he sustained a number of severe?
blows from the eagle's wings before ho
succeeded in impaling it on a pitchfork
prong, when he gothia shotgun and fih
ished the job. The calf was so badly in
jured that it had to be killed. The
eagle was the largest ever seen in that
sorcery,