Mhmm would.
AS ANT tilTliUATUlliS FOIt
FEMININE liEADERS.
..' Toinan and' Artist
1 thought to win me a name t -Should
ring in the ear of the work
How can I work with small, pink fl
t About my fingers curled? , : : ;
Then adieu to'name and to famoTf
A
They scarce are worth at tbe best '
One touch of this wet little, warm little mouth,
With its lips against my breast. ...
Alice Williams Brotherton,'
; ; 1 . lUo Bustle Gone.
Mrs. Ilarwtdc, of ilemph'is, wpre a
imstle.- It was a handsome bustle that
is, if there can be a handsome bustle
and within it aho had sewed $7,000 in
rjgrcenbacks, -the savings of her. honest
r Lusbsmd; ' Somebody coveted that bustle,
and the other night, while its owner
Iopt, somebody took it. "We have said
pro that the bustle must go, and the
' Jact that Mrs. Ilarwick's has gone proves
Shat we spoke advisedly. Philadelphia
. : Swearing In a FcmlnlnoMarslial.
Miss Phoebe Cousins, the pretty young
jvomaa justmade United States ilarshal
1 tti St. Louivwas sworn in recently, and
iook her place in court bof ore Justice
tililler and Judge Brewer. The Marshal's
table was adorned for the occasion with
a vase of exquisite roses, ' and the first
vifemale Marshal in the history of the
United States sat in an arm-chair near
.-4he picture of , her deceased father,-at-lirod
in deep- mourning. . When Miss
Couzins, with an air of quiet dignity,
"had taken, the oath of office, Justice
" Jliller turned to her, and said with a
a&erry twinkle in his eye: "Well, Miss
Oouisins, I-hopo during your term of
office that you will not have to hang any
body." The fair official smiled and re
sumed her seat.
: - Tho Wife of a Russian Priest.
'I There is only one happy woman in
- Hussia -the priest's wife and it is ' a
tabmmon mode of expressing to say : "As
.nappy . as a priest's wile. " The reason.
why she is sd happy is because her hus
iband's : position depends upon her. If
. he dies." he is deposed and1 becomes a
r mere, layman, and his property is taken
;AWay;,froin, ..im and distributed, half to
': Jhis qhildren and half to his Government.
JThis dreadful contingency, makes the
Russian priest careful to get a healthy
-.' ivifo if hO can, and makes him take ex-
; -Sraordinary good care of her after he has
secured her; - lie waits uponi her in tho
-tnost abject way. Sffe must never, get
-'her feet wet, and she is petted and put in
: iiot blandels if she has 0 much as a cold
"in herhcad. It is the greatest possible
- jgood fortune for girl to marry a priest
- infinitely better than to be the wife of a
: - tyblp. LoMon Paper. '. "
; A Plieuomenal Crazy Qnilt.
liss Ella Pike, of Warrehsburg, Mo.,
rt has just completed a crazy quilt which
4ie has spent over four years iu making.
It is two yards in width and two and
"Uircc-quartcr yards long, and if bordered
' j with heavy ruby-colored plush and lined
with gold-colored surah silk, and is beau-
tlfuY in the extreme. The feature of tho
'uilt is that it consists entirely of silk,
itin, velvet and: plush scraps from
famous and noted persons, such as Prcsi
' dents and their wives, mostly all of
President Arthur's Cabinet and their
iamily, most of President Cleveland's
Oftbinet, officials and families of the
Doited States Supreme Court members
Jtiad famil ids of diplomatic corps, United
States Senators and Representatives and
their wives, Governors and families of
. different States, actors and actresses and
Mher'notod persons. Every piece in the
'4u"ilir has-a history; The quilt comprises
uine large blocks, one of which contains
"pieces" from the" drosses and cravats of
Members of her graduating classes and
' .'.ilior teachers, Tho kind of work which
.."he lias decorated it with are flat and
Unused wool and silk chenille and arasene,
.iinsol, embroidery, brush painting, Ken
,JfcUigton embroidery in silks and crewels,
'Raiding, beading, applique, etching,
. . 4fansfer, cross stitch, diuerent designs in
fans, palettes, plaques and bugs of Bilk,
jSfctin, velvet and' plush. . The quilt con
'.. JtJns picctss of ribbon from two of Mrs.
i- . leydand'a. wedding bonnets.
'.- ; Crpwn Diamonds.
" r Full many a gem of purest ray serene
v scintillates on a red velvet background
: at the establishment of R. II. Macy &
'00. ! These gems- form a diadem which
yas mado by the crown jeweler of
France, Mr. Bapst, who finished the
4- cfoeautiful decoration on February 10,
i- "$20. The diadem was worn by tho
' : Duohssso d'AngouIerac, also by the
- uohcese do Berry and the Empress Lu-
- . -- rn iz - .1 i , 3 o onu
; uismonds, .which weigh 434 carats. Be
: sides the diamonds - there are 250 tur
' quoiscs and fancy stones. Tho largest
.turquoise is about .the size of a robin's
' teg. It is placed immediately in front
" JT .
of the diadem. The diamonds are of the j
jwrest water, and they burn with ardent
'are into tho envious eyes of the pretty
" '"women who come in to see this magnin
j Oct heirloom of the French Empire.
This beautiful work of art was pur
- chased at a. recent sale in France of the
lrown jewels sold by the French Govern
Mfc.i The firm paid a little over 50,-
tHjO francs lor the a.aaem, which, is
"lout $10,000. This sum has been sup
demented by consular fees, insurance,
md customs, so that now the decoration
- & worth at least $ 15,000. One old lttdy.
' tookinc? at the diadem, said rubies
houd have been used instead of tur-
aolses. A young man whose training
vuui unfitted nim lor the worship of any
-SSiing pertaining to royalty wondered how
V auch could be realized on the diadem at
at pawnshop. Crowds surrounded the
glass case containing the relic of de
tmrted glor, and the gems gleam just as
ixightly as they did when worn on the
fcrow of the queenly Eugenie. Hew York
Washington Beauty on "Wheels.
One hundred women ride tricycles in
Washington, says a correspondent of the
fiPluladelphia liscard. The smoothness of
fttie streets makes the work easier than it
ii anywhere else, and the encouragement
gjiVen by their male relatives in thcycle
dubs strengthen them to face the public.
Host of the women have a special cos
Jtume in the nature of a riding habit with
'4Jve train cut off. Nevertheless it takes
' 3hent a good while to get over their nerv
ousness and their self-consciousness so as
-to really enjoy their ride. Very few of
fiiem ride in the daytime, although the
inost proficient of them allthe Misses
'jQallaudet, the daughters of the President
of the Columbia Institution for Deaf
2Iates never ride at any other time.
These young ladies ride with perfect
-fcse and grace. They show the possi
bilities of the tricycles to perfection as
they sweep through the streets on noise
less wings. They are .the envy and the
despair of their less successful rivals.
These latter worry along as best they can
trough the friendly, darkness of the
evening, happy if thev.come out of their
adventure with a whole skin. Many ef
them, own their own machines, but &
large number of them patrofttee the 'cy-
cierics." ' uf. course those who tiavel in
the evening are always accompanied by.
gentlemen. But their escorts cannot
prevent them from taking a tumble now
and then sometimes with serions re
sults. .,: ' ;'
I met a party of two women and two
men coming down Fifteenth street on
Monday night about midnight, who, I
am certain, must have been delayed iby
an accident. Accidents will happen,
you know, especially on dark nights.
And it is a nightly sight to see a young
man pushing a tired out women up a
hilly street, or picking her put of the
grasp oi the upset machine. In one case
of -the latter sort recently the woman's
dress caught in one of the wheels, and
when the machine turned over on top of
h6r, her dress had to be cut away with a
penknife.: Nevertheless, ' they all en
joyed it, good and bad -riders alike.
The steady work required is delightful
exercise, and the feeling of power and
comfort combined is very grateful.
Fashion Notes.
- Tulles are sparingly used for brides
dresses.; , . '''-j- -j: ' :
China Crepe is still use for brides and
bridesmaid's costumes. : ,
Rose pink tulle is the fancy of the hour
for bridesmaides' dresses.
A becominjr simplicity still exists on
children's and young girls clothing.
Shirring is still seen as a finish for soft
woolens as well as for surahs and other
twills. .,. '. v ;-;'.,"'. '0J-.
A pretty idea is to Baye the stocking!
match in color the fancy'-slippers now
fashionable. ." ;
Dull Tgold and oxydized silver braids
are . used in decorating the newest of
tailor gowns. -
The single skirt is a fashion whichbids
fair to be a popular one and it is surely
Tory sensible. :
Round hat? still have a rery simple
trimming in quill feathers and. a large
bow of plaid ribbon. . ' y
Braided jockets in Battcnberg cloth are
worn with overskirts of the same mate
rial, over velvet or plush.
y short wrap of velvet, heavy with
jets, is tho last pretty wrap, and may be
worn with a variety of costumes. -
The plain, long draperies which one
sees in tho new costumes are especially
graceful aud becoming to good figures.
Braided bonnets nre very stylish, made
of the same cloth as the costume, and in
brides' traveling costumos nothing can
bo prettier.
Plush garments for winter wear are al
ways pretty, and tins quite the leading-
stylo in the late importations of rich gar
ments and wraps.
. Round hats arc more favored than
bonnets to wear with traveling suit-i, and
are of felt trimmed with velvet or with
plaid moire ribbon. ,
Steel gray, London smoke or fawn-colored
faced cloth, trimmed with oxidized
jsilvcr braid, arc usually chosen by brides
for traveling dresses.
Black velvot corset belts are exclusive
ly worn with colored dresses. They are
pointed at the top, both back and front,
and finished at the waist with lappets.
Tho Greek style of hair dressing, or
what is known as the Psyche knot, is
fapidly losing favor as but few ladies can
bear the test of thi3 severe style cf coif
fure.1 Pearls are much favored at the present
time. The ear-rings arc very large, and
invariably composad of a single large
pearl, with the setting as inconspicuous
as possible.
White undressed kid gloves are worn
with bridal toilets. All gloves for even
wear are png enough to meet tho sleeves,
but are worn more smoothly on the arms
than heretofore.
Fancy hosiery is very generally worn.
Lace and open work stockings are again
quite the chic thing in hoisery and 'are in
every conceivable shade - to correspond
with the new colors in dress goods.
' Black is now used in combination with
and to trim everything. This will be
Welcome news to many ladies of limited
means, as it does away with many ac
cessories once considered indispensable.
The fashion of making the striped
cloths with the stripes in the petticoats
running round and those of the over
dress from up to down is a pretty one,
and gives a dressy effect to a costume so
made.
Wooden buttons in beautiful colorings
and grainings are shown this season,
Thoro are many varieties. Dut none so
beautiful as the fragrant satin wood,
tulip wood and olivo, with their artistic
natural tints of green browns.
Costumes of corded silk, India cash
mere, wool canvas and visroffne, in steel,
serpent, cray, plum and dove color, are
in high favor, and are charming in effect.
Silk plush is used to combine with the
silk, and moire of a darker shade with
fine woolens.
"Crooks" and Typewriters.
Crime keeps pace with science, says a
writer in the St. Louis Oldbe-Democraty
and no soonor is an improvement in the
arts or mechanics announced than the
crooked element . instantly adopts it.
Take the simple case of the typewriter;
it is an innocent looking instrument, yet
it is the means of baffling the police and
other investigators. Handwriting for
merly was a great aid to detectives in
tracing up correspondents, and black
mailers and others using threatening let
ters appreciated that as well as any one.
They would write baek-handed or try to
disguise their chirography. The writing
experts, however, penetrated the dis
guise by following the individual
peculiarities that can never be covered
up in the characters. Now, however,
writers of anonymous letters use the type
writer, and if you are curious to know
the authority you will not be satisfied,
for there is very little satisfication for
any one who tries to trace up the author
of such a document. It is even more dif
ficult than finding the printer of a circu
lar, for where there is one printing shop
there are a hundred typewriters.
Silfer in Toleanic Ash.
Professor Mallet has analyzed a speci
men of volcanic ash collected on the
Pacific coast in Ecuador, 120 miles west
of Cotopaxi. The ash fell on July 23,
1785, and formed a deposit to the depth
of several inches. The interesting feat
ure in tho composition of the material
was the presence of a small amount of
silver, probably as silver chloride; sev
eral experiments showed that silver wa3
present to the extent of one part in 83,
600 of ash. This is the first- time that
silver has been identified in material
ejected f rom a volcano.
River and lake craft are multiplying in
the West, and about $20, 000, 000 Is soon
to bo invested in plants and equipments
to turn out boats. A $5, 000, 000 plan t is
to be built at Alton, 111., to construct
ocean and river steamships.
CITIZEN TRAIN.
THE CAREER OF A NOTED
AMERICAN CHARACTER.
George Francis Train's Start In Life
.His Great Financial Ability
. The Vagaries of a Life
timeHis Wealth.
The appearance of
George
Francis
xrain in
Chicago as a defender of the
condemned Anarchists led the Herald, of
that city, to give the following sketch of
his varied carter : George Francis Train,
or Citizen Train, as he now calls himself,
is one of the most picturesque characters
in America, and withal one of the most
harmless of men. His public career, ex
tending over half a century, is crowded
with interesting events, many of them
national' and international in their im
portance. He was bora in 1829 in Boston,
where his father, Oliver E. Train, was a
successful merchant of coasiderable for
tune. His grandfather was Rev. George
Pickering, who became famous in tho
first quarter of this century for eman
cipating his slaves and declining Metho
dist Bishopric. At the age of faur years
Train was taken to New Orleans by his
father, who went to the Cresent City to
engage in business, but he had not been
there long before yellow fever attacked
the city. Tram's mother and three sis
ters were among the first who succumbed
to the scourge, and Train himself was
only saved from it by his father's prompt
action in sending him to Boston in
charge of the Captain of a clipper ship
that departed fiom New Orleans. When
young Train reached his native city he
was informed of his father's death, which
occurred within a week after bis own de
parture from New Orleans. ; -
After a long career at academies and
colleges young Train entered a mercan
tile office at Cambridgaport as a clerk,
and he remained there two years, when,
growing dissatisfied, he went to Boston
and entered the employ of Enoch Train
& Co. Ilis marked ability soon became
obvious to tho managers of the firm, and
his advancement was so rapid that in
1853 he was sent to London and Liver
pool as the English correspondent and
manager of the house. In 1851 he was
married in Louisville, and ho made a,
considerable tour of tho country with
his bride, and two years later he went to
Australia, where he founded a mercan
tile house that afterward became fa
mous. It established connections with
all the famous merchants of Europe and
America, and was besides the agent of
the celebrated White Star Line of clip
per" ships that was then controlled by
Pilkington & Wilson, of Liverpool. Dur
ing his residencein Australia he wa3 one
of the central figures of the revolution
and the republic, and ho was tendered
the Presidency of that ephemeral Gov
ernment, but " declined it. Shortly
after that he became famous for his
letters from Asia, Africa and Aus
tralia. During a second residence
in Europe he completely revolutionized
the business methods of the entire world
by establishing a prepaid passenger busi
ness, and introducing small bills of ex
change. Then he conceived the idea of
building street railways in London and
Liverpool, or tramway lines,' as English
men persist in calling them. Another
great financial enterprise he manoeuvcred
was the sale of the bonds of the Atlantic
& Great Western Railway, and he con
ducted it so successfully that he at once
jumped into the front rank of financiers
of the world. During the days before
the war, when the slavery quostion was
under discussion Train was frequently on
the lecture platform in favor of abolition.
His trial in 1882 for manslaughter, which
resulted rn his acquittal, was followed by
his agitation of the Union Pacific Rail
road scheme. He advocated the con
struction of a transcontinental road with
its eastern terminus at Omaha, and his
advocacy was conducted with so much
vigor that he was at length successful.
The celebrated Credit Mobilier was an
other of his conceptions, and he was the
central figure of it throughout.
In 1869 he began his now historic
campaign for the Presidency, and during
three years following he delivered hun
dreds of lectures all over the country.
He made the last speech of his campaign
in 1872 in Wall street to an hnmens'o
throng of people, and when the meeting
was bver he made a public defense of
Claflin and Woodhull, who were con
spicuous at that time for their advocacy
of objectionable doctrines. There was
so much in his speech that the police
considered reprehensible that they ar
rested him and locked him up in the
Tombs. Although many offers of bail
were made he declined to accept any
thing but an immediate trial. He even
refused liberty on his own recognizance.
His peculiar actions and speech attracted
widespread attention among medical
men, and there was so much said about
his mind being unbalanced that it was
determined to examine him to ascertain
if he was really sane. The examination
resulted in an inquiry of lunacy before
Judge Noah Davis. When the testi
mony of the medical experts who had
examined Train was all in, Judge Davis
ordered the jury to return a verdict of
insanity, which they did without leav-
ig the court room. - An appeal was
taken, and on May 30, 1873, before
Judge i ancher, Train wa9 discharged as
sane, and on the next day he started for
Germany, where ho soon got into jail for
some public utterances.
Then he came back to the United
States again and took up the cause of
the .workingman, which he advocated
until 1877, when he determined to hold
no further intercourse with man. He
resolved to treat only with women and
children thereafter, and he has kept that
vow, as far as practicable up to the
present time. After his trial for lunacy
Train made many excursions to Europe,
and he was successful, according to his
statements, in getting himself locked up
in jail in every European country.
Of late years Train has kept himself
before the public by his peculiar writ
ings, lectures and his professed foudness
for children. Occasionally, too, he will
take a flyer at some policeman, as of
yore, and create a disturbance that will
set telegraph instruments clicking every
where, but he has not been so fortunate
in getting into the clutches of the law as
of yore. Notwithstanding his eccen
tricities Train has been a success as a
financier throughout his life, and he has,
iu consequence, accumulated a big for
tune. At the present time he is worth
not less than $2,000,000, his holdings in
Omiha alone reaching over one-half of
that figure.
The World's Death Rate.
The death rate of the world is com
puted about 67 a minute, 97,700 a day,
and 35,639,835 a year; while the birth
rite is 79 a minute, 100,500 a day, and
36,792,000 a year. Argonaut.
The art of paper making has reached
a point were a growing tree may be cut
don, made into paper, and turned out
as a newspaper all within thirty-six
hours.
North Carolina's Gem-Bearing Ground,
Some years ago Edison, the - electric
wizard, was convinced that platinum ex
isted in North Carolina. He sent Will
iam Earl Hidden, an accomplished
mineralogist, in search of it. Professor
Hidden little knew at the time how full
of results to him that pursuit of platinum
would be. He could not find" the de--sired
mineral, but he found something
far better. - Being in Alexander county,
a quiet part of the Statof many miles
from a railway, he was directed by Mr.
J. A. D, Stephenson to gem bearing
bearing ground, and looking a little
more narrowly, found some of the gems.
He purchased some land, returned to
Edison, and reported his vain quest of
platinum, then came back to North Caro
lina. He went to work to develop his
mine. Sinking a shaft in a simple way,
he gradually made the opening larger
until superficially the mine represented
the aspect of a stone quarry. Out of this
rude pit in the earth were taken un
numbered gems one hitherto unknown."
To this Mr. J. Lawrence Smith, of St.
Louis, an eminent scientist, gave Hid
den's name, and "Hiddenite," the equiva
lent of the diamond in value, became in
stantly the fashion. Its tender tinted
green crystals, its intense hardness and
its new beauties when cut, were only
soma of its charms. , From the day of
its discovery to the present it has been a
hopeless task to supply the demand for
it. Every Hiddenite found is already
purchased long in advance.
But strange as is this 'fashing green
miracle of the earth, the place of its birth
is still stranger. The laborers who are
working in tho mine handle their picks
with the greatest care.. They are on the
watch for "pockets." Possibly for an
hour the digging goes on " and no
pocket H is struck. Presently the pick
"goes into an opening, with tender fingers
the earth is partially removed and finally
the miner feels with his hands every por
tion of the walls of tho opening. It may
happen that his search is in vain, but it
is of tener the case that hisfingeni touch
little crystals that are so imbedded in
the sides of the pocket that their points
project outward. , They arC carefully
picked out. ' Perhaps all are beryls, per
haps there are a dozen kinds of gems, or
yet again it may be that there are only
Hiddenites. Sometimes gems worth
hundreds of dollars are thus taken from
one pockot. Gfobe-DarrvKrat.
Settling an Old Score.
I An old citizen, a gentleman of high
social and official standing in St. Joseph,
tells a story of the famous Missouri
Governor, Bob Stewart, which, true to
the letter, proves that fact is stranger
than fiction.
"I was coming up the Missouri River
when I was aboy," said the ex-Governor,'
and I was working my way on a steam
boat. At a point where we had to wood
iip I didn't carry as big a load as some
of the roustabouts, nor move with that
agility that the others did, for I was not
strong and had been tenderly raised.
The mate became enraged at my slow
movements on the gangplank, and ho
gave me a kick and sent me ashore, and
confiscated my buffalo robe as payment
for my passage to that point. I never
saw that mate again until I had been in
augurated Governor of this State.
"One, day wandering through the
wards and districts of the penitentiary, '
I saw that mate working at a forge. He
had been sent there for killing, in a
passion, a man under his command. I
knew him instantly, and I directed the
warden to send the man to the Guberna
torial mansion in the garb of a gentle
man. When the man arrived I took him
into my private office and asked him if
he recognized me. "Do you remember
one time, at such and such a place, of
kicking a boy and sending him ashore
who had been working in your 'gang?"
"The man said : 'No, I don't remember .
it ; but it is very likely that I did it.'
" 'Well,' says I, 'I am that boy, and
here is your pardon. I always thought
I would get even with you.'
"The tears came to the old man's eyes,
and ho said : 'Well, Governor, to be a
mate in those days a man had to be a
dog.'
" 'You played well your part,' I said.
'Now leave here and don't let me see you
again.
' 'As he made his exit I gave him an
able-bodied kick, and little Bob Stewart
had got even with that big steamboat
mate.
"Sounds like a romance, don't it?
Yes. But every word is true, I need
barely say, sir." St. Joseph (Mo.) Gazette.
Cowardly Oarnlvora.
The prevalent idea entertained by
those not familiar with the real nature of
our large carnivorous quadrupeds, that
their instinctive ferocity impels them to
assault every person they meet, is not
sustained, says General Marcy in Outing
by practical experience. Those animals
appear much more formidable in ths
distance than when approached in their
own native wilds.
But few Eastern sportsmen would, it
i3 believed, voluntarily attack a bear,
wolf or panther, yet I have seen and
killed many of those animals, and not
one of them ever turned upon me. And
in further corroboration of this, my
guide, "Little Bat," who has during his
lifetime, killed over 80 grizzlies, assured
me that all he ever met with invariably
ran from him. So confident was he of his
ability to cope with these much-dreaded
monsters, that he did not hesitate to hunt
them when alone and on foot, and only
two years ago he encountered four
grizzlies eating a dead elk upon Caspar
mountains, when he crawled to within
short rifle range and shot every one of
them without moving from his tracks;
and upon another occasion, while we
were hunting in the valley of the Big
Horn, he went out alone during a moon
light night and shot two grizzlies from
behind a tree.
Panthers and wolves are most arrant
cowards, and the traditional story of
.General Putnam having performed an ex
traordinary feat of courage, by entering
a cave and shooting a wolf, is supremely
laughable when contrasted with the fact
that my wife, upon one occasion, in the,
night time at a frontier post, when a
large black wolf had purloined one of
her turkeys and was dragging it off, hur
ried out and with a stick made him drop
the bird and run away.
Posey's Mysterious Fate.
- There is a family in this city who have
as servants aa Irbh girl ascouk and an
English one as second girl. The later
has been but a short time in this country,
and ha3 a particu'ar aversion to the fam
ily cat, while the feline pet has the good
fortune to bask in the sunlight of the
cook's faror. For two or three davs th
cat was missing, and the cook, after hunt
ing everywhere she thought it possible
for the animal to be, asked the second
girl: "Louisa, you haven't done any
thing to the cat, have yon?" "Done any
thing with the cat?" repeated the one ad
dressed, "I ate it." "Ate the cate !" cried
the cook in j horror. "Faix, then. I'll
give notice to lave immediately. I'll not
be under the same roof with a haytheB,
so I won't. Boston Budget.
1 PAST ERA.
THE EARLY PART OP THE NINE
TEENTH. CENTURY.
The England of 1800-1 8 lO Strange
Contrasts With the Present
. Age in Travel, Dress,
Etc., Etc.
Occasionally a book comes along
which, though made of the simplest
material, and not new at that, is so timed
or contrasted with current affairs that it
contains a surprise. Such a volume is
"The Dawn of the Nineteenth Century
in England. A Sketch of the Times,"
by John Ashtou, an English author who
is known for his literary studies of the
days of Queen Anne and Napoleon. I.
The idea of his new volume is to
place vividly before the public the social
characteristics of England at the begin
ning of this century, and he was not far
wrong in supposing that. the comparisons
every reader must make are almost start
ling. A STAGE COACir, 1801..
When this century opened steam power
and coal gas were novelties, and elec
tricity was a scientific toy. Food was
scarce and high in England. The in
come tax on $1,000 was $100. The tax
on thirty windows was over sixty dollars,
London .was disturbed by, food riots,
directed especially against middlemen.
The four-pound loaf of bread cost forty
three cents, to which fifty per cent, must
be added for the difference in the value of
money. Three per cent, consols 'were
quoted from 54 to 60. Peace with France
for, a jear or two somewhat improved
these figures. Then "Bony" began to
loom up, and France and England were
sooa battering Bach other again. In
1804 Parliament refused to pass the
bill abolishing the slave trade. It be
came a law in 1807. "
The best mfans of land transportation
in 1804 was the stage coach,which had a
wicker-work attachment behind for par
cels. The coaches were inconvenient and
and stuffy inside. The fare was expen
sive, and many travelers had to be con
tented with the stage-wagon, or caravan,
a cumbrous affair with very broad wheels
to keep out of the ruts. All the inland
TIIAMES WATERMAX, 1S03.
traffic of England was carried on by these
huge machines and the few canals then
in existence. Smollett has much to say
of caravans. Their speed was about a
mile and a half an hour. Those who
traveled "post," that is by carriage with
relays of horses, paid about 30 cents per
horse per mile. The sedan ' chair still
lingered in London streets, chiefly for la
dies going to evening parties, the charge
being 25 cents a mile. "It was essentially
a horsey age. Every man could ride, and
all wore boots and breeches when out of
doors," a dress for horsemen which has
not been improved upon. The fashion
able carriage of 1800 was 500 pounds
heavier that that of to-day.
The watermen of London were ai vo
ciferous after passengers as are the most
active of modern hackmeh. The faro
across the Thames was two cents below,
and four cents above London bridge.
The longest row was up the river to
Windsor, the fare being $3.50 for the
whole boat, To go as far as Margate,
one-masted boats, like a cutter, called
"hoys," were used. There were but
three bridges over the Thames London,
Blackfriars and Westminster. Docks
were few, and the shipping anchored in
the stream reached all the way to Green
wich. The Thames was far more crowd
ed in those days than now, though the
volume of its commerce was far less. A
shaft for a tunnel under the Thames at
Gravesend was sunk in 1801, but it came
to nothing.
A LOXDOS DAJiDT, 1810.
London was lit by oil lamps, many of
which nightly were blown out by the
wind. Gas was known, but not until
1804 was a company formed to introduce
it into London. It was ridiculed and
feared. 1 Sir Humphrey Davy scoffed at
it. In 1807 it first appeared on a London
thoroughfare. Three years later one of
the shops, ventured to use il. Tinder,
flint and steel were required to light tbe
lamps. The phosphorus match began to
be known in 1808
In 1800 Englishmen wore the Jean de
Bry coat., named after a French states
man. The accompanying cut of that
day issooicwhat exaggerated, especially
as to the bells on the Hpssian boots. The
coat was padded at the shoulders, and
was buttoned to show slimness at the
waist. It was made short-waisted in
order to display several inches of the
vest. Powdering the hair still survived,
though fast going out. As all the mem
bers of the house, including the ervants,
had to be powdered, most large estab
lishments had a "powdering room."
Ladies dreesed after the classic style of
Madame Kecamier, who appeared in
Kensington Garden, in 1802, in a muslin
dress, clinging like the drapery of a
statue; her well oiled hair in a plait at
the back falliDg in small ringlets round
her face, and a large veil thrown over heT
head. The head dress in the cut is
caricatured. Another engraving of that
period gires the stages in a lady's toilet,
one of which 'is tho application of a
thatch of false hair. By 1810 dress had
became so much exaggerated that
fashionables' were hidden from head to
foot by their garb, and were nicknamed
les invisibles."
Cock fighting was illegal, but was pub
licly advertised, i Fighting between a
bull and dogs was' one of the National
sports. A member of Parliament op
posed its prohibition. One of them ex
laimed : iiWhat a glorious sight to see
a dog attack a bull !" It animates a Brit
ish heart ;
"To see him growl, and snap, and snarl, and
bite.
Pin tin bull's nose, and prove instinctive
might" -
Another and prominent member de
clared that bull-baiting was . an amuse
ment to which the lower orders were
FASHI05S, HABLT 1880.
entitled. The sport was not declared
illegal until 1835. Prize fighting was in
its heyday. In rural places it took tho
form of cudgel-playing, . which still sur
vives in Berkshire. :
Public positions were openly bought
and sold,, even - by advertising. Duels
were common. The police, which hard
ly deserved the name, ;very ' feldom at
tempted to interfere with a duel. A
policeman was an old man with a staff, a
rattle and a lantern, and was paid by his
parish. One of the newspapers ventured
to suggest that the police should be com
posed of able-bodied men. For minor '
ctrrxiKii playixg, 1800.
offenses the punishments were whipping,
the stocks end the pillory; for graver
ones imprisonment, transportation and
death. The stocks were for small rogues
and vagabonds. The pillory was a se
vere punishment for more heinous
crimes. Culprits in the pillory were
usually pelted with tilth and rotten eggs
by a cruel mob. In 1810 suicides were
THE PILLORY IS LOXDOX, 1810.
etill buried at a cross-road, with a stake
driven through their bodies. Me.n con
victed of high treason were first hanged
and then beheaded. The prisons of Lon
clon, some of whch were for debtors, were
centers of suffering and disease. Cincin
nati Commercial.
Thanksgiving Drama" in'three Acis,
2. In full retreat
3. Turning the tables.
Hope Reijrns Eternal.
Binks.- "Xeat place you havehere,my
boy. How's every thing?'
Jinks (young legal luminary). .
"Booming, old feL, booming."
B. "Plenty of clients, eh?"
J. "N no, not exactly, but I'm get
ting on splendidly. There was a man
here this morning to get my name for tho
elite directory.'1--Ttd-JJlu,
1. The attack.
mmmm mm
BARK-GATHERERS.
..... . ...... . w . 1
... -V, ..... ' ,, . s. ..
How the Natives-of Peril Collect
1 Cinchona for Market.
Busy Workers In the Forests
, of the Andes.
A" writer describJS the gathering el
cinchona in South America as follows : :
The party roam about until a sufficient
number of trees are found in the vicinity -
to maKe it pracwcaDio to wins uuw
and establish a camp in a suitable place. .
A small house is built for sleepiug pur
poses and for covering the bark, that it -may
not bo expose! to an occasional -shower
of rain. The party are now ten
or twelve days' journey from ths start
ing point, and they claim tho f&rests for -many
miles around, no other bark-gat-CTers
being allowed in the neighborhood
for the season. .
When the rude shed or house is cora-
pteted the major domo divides the ca
Tarilleros and sends out little parties fa
different directions with sufficient food
for a long absence. From each etni- .
nenco - the : surrounding forests are -scanned
for a sight of the cinchona. Hs
perienco and observation have made it
possible for tho men to distinguish the
tree at a great distance, not only from
its greater height than surrounding for
est trees, but from tha light green
yellow leaf. - Speaking of tha bark
gatherers in Peru, a traveler says that
"standing on one side of the ravine, the
men count the cost of ascending the op
posite side, or they climb to the tops e f
loftiest trees and survey the coma try
around for cinchona."
Tho men are judges of the proper
age at which a tree may be deprived of
-its bark, and know . the best trees foi
thi3 purpose. Ilaving selected a trce it
is sometimes cut as aear tha ground as
possible and the bark taken off; at other
times the tree U made barkless while
"standing. Cutting is usually considered
the better way, that tho stump may put
forth more leaves and again grow up,
while a barkless tree ii sure to die.
After felling, incisions are made
through tho trunk-bark, up 13 or 0
inches in length by 3 or 4 inches broad,
and the pieces are removed by a knife c-f
other instrument. Sometimes the' bark
is not separated for three or four ' days
after the cutting. When taken from the
trees the pieces are placed in some 6pot
exposed to the rays of the san, and are
laid in pilc3, ono over another, to' dry,
while a weight of somo kind holds the
pile in place, . the bark naturally inclin
ing to roll 'while drying. The "back
m 1 1 ii t i ' ii
irom ine smaucr Drancnci l auowcu ie -curl
or become "quilled" as it dries.
When dry the cascarillero load the
V-1- iiTrtr liia iitrn 1V 4ftrl Tilra . Ilia
way along ; now on dizzy heights, the
through pathless wood, or up and
down tho steep mountain-side?, until
the distant camping-grounds are reached.
A wooaman may e aoie io cui two -
quintals, -20D puads, of bark per day,
which will make about one quintal after
drying and being made ready for tti
ti,. i.v i r.
the trunk, the second nuality comes -
from the larger branches, and tho least
valuable is peeled from the small
Drancncs; but diltoront. kinds oiDaric
usually get somewhat mixed in -the
packages.
Before the rsiny eeaaon eoaxmoncea,
about the last of September, or in Octo
ber, the camp is broken- up, aud the
whole party start for the ten days' jour
ney home. The mules carry tho bark,
three quintals being a law mi mule-load.
in the Andes, although ia descending
me steep eastern siopo muiescan wwnnj
carry but 150 pounds each. .
Fat Incomes.
The Duke of St. Albans draws a net
emolument of nearly $6000 a year, the
gross payment to the holder of this
hereditary sinecute being nearly, $7000.
This office is in the, royal hunt depart
ment of the queen's household, of which
the master of the horse is the head. The
i i
uu.o suu dujujj svTciui perquisites u -
eluding six fat buck every year from the
royal herd at Bushey. The office of
grand falconer has been' held by the
dukes of St. Albans since the reign of
James IL, and they wer likewise hered
itary registrars of the court of chancery
until that sinecure was abolished, its
holder, of course, receiving adequate (u
e. preposterously large) compensation.
The present duke is eaid to have a salary"
of $4825 to compensate him for the loes
of the chancery office. 'Don't let poor -Nelly
starve," was the exhortation of
Charles IL on his death bed regarding
Nell Gwynne, from whom and himself "
the duke3 of St. Albans descend, and tho
injunction has not been forgotten, as tho-
country has been kind , enough to pro
vide liberally for the descendants of
"poor Nelly" for more than 200 yeam
The duke draws first a salary for doing
nothing, second an allowance for falconers
who he docs not employ, third an allow
ance for hawks which he docs not keep,
and fourth an allowance for victuallings
hawks having no existence These ar
the legal division! of hi3 sinecure.
Pa Nowhere.
Minister Which do you love bcety
Bobby, your pjpa and mama or four
two rabbits !
Bobby (after some consideration)-
Well, I think I love ma and the jack,
rabbit the best. New York Sun.
A Burst of Generosity
"Ma," said Bobby, "if you'll give me
another piece of pie do you know what
I will do!"
"What will you do, Bobby P
" " TU give my little eistcr half of
aid the generous boy. New Tork Stra