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VOL. III. SALISBURY N. C, THURSDAY, OCTOBER 2, 1890 NO. 52. in" .i THE NATIONAL CAPITAL. WORK CF THE FIFTY-FIRST CONGRESS. flOCEEUIKOS OK THE ITOC6E AND SENATE BRIEFED DELIBERATIONS OVER MAT TERS OK MOMENTOUS INTEREST TO OCR COMMON COUNTRY. NOTES. ,, 3Ir O'Fcrrall was the only democrat in the house Tuesday morning during the delivejy of prayer. I be clerk immedi ately began to cull the roll on approval of Friday's journal. The speaker hesi tated before lie announced the result, there being but two lacking of a quorum. The vote was finally announced to be j cas 1-15, nays 1. iS'o quorum, f.nd a call of the hose was ordered. During roil call the camera was again brought into r quisition, and the photographer again, reproduced the array of empty democratic seats. One hundred and sixty-four members ret ponded to the call, and without' any announcement of the result, further proceedings were dis ', pci.is.cd with, and the vote again recurred on approving Friday's j 'ynal. Agreed to. Monday's journal was also approved without objection. The question then recurred upon the first of the majority resolutions to -unseat Yenable. It was agreed to. Then came the question on the tenting of Langston, and it was carried on a division. The previous question was ordered and (despite a protest from Mr. Kerr, of Iowa, that some reason for its adoption f-hould be given) the resolution unseating Elliott and seating ililler was agreed to without division. Further proceedings were remarkably expeditious, and Mr. O'Ferrall, the lonely democratic sentinel, was absolutely powerless to eheck: the majority in its full swing. The yea and nay vote declaring that Yenable was 'not elected showed that there were 165 republicans in attendance, including those who'did not vote, but were,.p.0,!Ted. It is somewhat of a coincidence ' that the" two democrats unseated by v. the house Tuesday Vcnable, of -Virginia, . after a protracted fight, and Elliott, of South Carolina, without a word of discussion, vvent before their nominating conventions Wednesday. In the senate, on Tuesday, Mr. Hale intro duced a joint resolution,which was referred to the committee on public build ingsjind grounds, for the erection in the District .of Columbia of a memorial . building which shall . be a suitable monument ... to of U. 8. Grant. The resolu tion authorizing th select committee on relations with Canada to continue its in- 6vn-vng recess and report. At Dext session was agreed to. At 2 o'clock the senate went into executive session, at 4 :20 the doors were re-opened and legis lative business was proceeded with. Af ter an hour devoted to the calendar, in -which no business of public importance was transacted, the bil!, with senate sub stitute, to define and regulate the juris diction of courts of the United States, was t .ken up. As no quorum voted upon it, the bill went over without action and the senate adjourned. : In the house. Bob Kennedy's speech, in which he denounced Senator Quay as a convicted criminal and a second Judas Iscariot, wa3 stricken from the pfrmarent Congressional I?ecord, Wednesday morn ing, and the Ohio man was censured by a vojC of the house. The reso'ution of cen fiuie, reported from the judiciary commit tee passed by a vote of 151 to 35. How- " Ver, Kennedy did not retract a word he said. lie was allowed twenty rnin- utes in nis own uenai, ana in that time he asserted that the charges he had made were true, and he felt confi dent that the country would uphold him. Not a single democratic paper had com mented favorably upon his speech, but hundreds of republicans had commended strongly his utterances in the memorable speech. He had also received thousands of letters from republicans all over the country commending h:m for what he had s id. Mr. Hit t. of Illinois, from the committee on foreign affairs, reported a resolu'iaii calling on the president for in formation relative to the killing of Gen. Bnrrundia. The resolution was adopted. In the senate, on Wednesday, Mr. Fye offered a concurrent resolution (which . was agrcctl to) directing, the secretaries of state, treasury, war and. nitvy to ex amine, report and recommend the action" of the international marine conference of February, 1890. An hour was devoted to bills on the calendar unobjected to. The house bill providing for the adjust ment of accounts of laborers, workmen and mechanicsarising under the eight hour law ;and the bill to prevent the product of convict labor being furnished" to, or for the use of any department of the govern ment, also the conference report of the house joint resolution to increase the number of the board of managers of the National Home for disabled volunteer soldiers and to fill vacancies in such board were discussed at length, but all went over without action . The senate bill to pay to the personal representatives of Captain John Ericsson $13, 930, found to hn due bai bv n decree of the court of x'-'m -""""" .-;--. "- was passed. Alter a Ahort executive r- . 3 journed. In the house, on Thursday, on motion of Mr. Lacey, of Iowa, a icsolutipa was adopted directing the clerk of the house to forward to the governor of Arkansas, a copy of the resolution declaring that there was a vacancy in the second con gressional district of that state. The house then proceeded to the consideration of the conference report on the land for- . .feiture bill. The conference report was adopted. Conference reports was also agreed to upon bills granting a pension ol 100 monthly to the widow of General ' Hartranft, and for the relief of settler; upon the Northern Pacific indemnity lands. Mr. Payne, of 'New York, chair man of the special committee ap pointed to investigate the Sillcot defal cation, called up the bill defining the duties of the sergeant -at-arms. The bill enables the sergeant-at-arms to make a requisition directly upon the treasury .for' the pay and mileage of members, and constitutes him, in explicit terras, a dis bursing' ofiicer, limiting .his compensa tion to his present salary. The bill was passed. Mr. Boutelle, chairman of the committee on naval affairs, reported a bill appropriating $1,000,000 to enable the secretary -of the navy to purchase nickle ore or. nickle metal for jhe manufacture of nickle ' steel armor, and asked for unanimous consent for its consideration The bill va3 passed and the house ad-jour.ed. NOTES. Republican conferees on the tariff bib were together two hours Wednesday af ternoon, but adj urned without having come to a conclusion n sugar or binding twne. On Thursday a bill was introduced in the house by Mr. Hopkins, of Illinois, to locate a branch mint of the United States at Chicago for the coinage of gold and silver. The prepayment of the interest of the treasury department on 4 per cen bonds ! and currency Gs Wednc-day for the tn tire conn, ry aggregated 1,006,895, making a total so far of $7,833,532. Mr. Lehlbach, on Thursday, reported favorably from the house committee on postoffices and post roads, the senate bill (w-ith the appropriation '-reduced . from' $140,000 to 100,000) for a public build mg in Tampa, Fia. It appears from the report given out at the treasury department each day that nearly cue-half of the interest due on or before July 1, 1891, on 4 per cents of 1007, and currency Os has been, pre-paid under the circular of September 6th, and the public announcement of September 15 th. The new lottery bill, parsed by con press, has struck a most deadly blow at the lottery companies. Prohibiting the mailing of letters addressed to lottery companies had. no effect whatever; but this new law will kill the elephant, for it prohibits the mailing of any newspaper containing a lottery advertisement. The Chick am auga park commissioners organized Tuesday at the war depart ment. It was found that much prelimi nary work can be done before the gov ernment obtains jurisdiction over the land to be included in the park. The commissioners have laid out this work, and will push it vigorously to comple-tioBs'-'. . . ; . .' Tuesday wacpnj&bed to the considera tloni'rof the nomination of George B. Maney, of Tennessee, to be minister to Uruguaylind- araguay, After a full discussion hfavorable teport of the committee on foieign relations was con curred in on a yea and nay vote; by two thirds of the senators present. A meeting of the senate committee on agriculture was called for Tuesday, to consider the Conger compound lard bill, fand report it as a substitute' for the Pad- aocK pure food bill, which -ihas a place he caucuscalerfdar of business in the senate. The absence of derKicratic mem bers of the committee "who were opposed to taking any action upon the lard bill, and of Mr. McMillan, who is in Michi gan, made a quorum impossible. This means that the bill is killed so far as this session is concerned, and it "will be thrown over until next season,' when in the rush o' business, many believe it can be killed entirely. THE NATIONALISTS' TRIAL. DILLON AND O'EMEN ARRAIGNED GREAT EXCITEMENT. IN- A Dublin dispatch of Thursday says: As this was the day fixed for the trial of Dillon and O'Brien, the streets of Tip perary were full to overflowing with peo ple interested iu the case. Nationalists had thronged to town from all adjacent parts, many of them carrying the na lionaPweapon, the shillalah, and prepared to use it if provocation would arise. When the hour for the sitting of the court arrived, an immense crowd had co lected before the court house, ready to rush in the mo ment the doors were thrown open. The authorities thcr?upon decided not to open the doors to ihe fpnfrttl inhlif. but tn admit onlv those who were immediately J interested m the trial. The crowd did not take kindly to this treatment, but pressed forward, trying to force, a way into the courthouse. The police. stoutly resisted, charging repeatedly upon the crowd, and using their clubs freely on whoever happened to be in reach. Many of their blos took effect, "but the croAvd did not yield instantly.' For fully Sve minutes there was a stand-up light between the now excited throng and the police. Many people were hint by the policemen's clubs. One man had his teeth knocked down his throat. Several required surgical attention. Among the wounded were' tTimothy Harrington, member of parliament for "DubKn, and Mr. Halifax. Both had their heads cut and came into the court' with blood drip ing over the'r coat collars and faces. At last. however, the crowd was graduallv forced ceeded back, and tne police sucr jn maintaining a clear space in front of the courthouse. At the outset both Mr. Dillon and Mr. O'Brien objected to being tried before Resident Magistrate Shannon for personal reasons. Judge Shannon refused to ad mit the validity of their objections. He knew of no reason why he shouM not go on with the case. He declared that lie would perform his duty without bias. Mr. . Rnnoi, counsel for the crown, then proceeded to open the case for the prose cution. He reviewed the circumstances which had led to the arrest of the nation alists back to the time when the plan ' of campaign was put in force, which was in May, 1S90, The, defendants pretested against the' in troduction of evidence touching matters that were auterior to the dates" specified in the warrants upon which they' were ar rested After considering these protests, the court decided that the prosecution might produce testimony of a general Character to prove the existence of a con spiracy prior to the dates given in the warrants, but that no evidence could be permitted concerning the acts of defend-: ants which were done anterior to to the dates mentioned in the warrants Ad journment was then announced until Friday. The income derived by French people who rear fowls, according to ofiicial re turns, is .337,100,000 francs, of which 153,500,000 francs represent the value of the flesh and 1S3,CU0,000 francs that of the eggs. Among the Scandinavian countries, Norway is the most generous ia the sup nort of missirma. . :-' '"- . - FARMERS' ALLIANCE NOTES. NEWS OF THE ORDER MEMBERS. AND ITS "WHAT IS BEING DONE IN THE VARIOUS SECTIONS FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF TEE GREAT ORGANIZATION. LEGISLA TION, XOT.ES, etc. Moie than 10,000 people attended the Farmers' and L i borerd' Union picnic at Compton Grove, 'near Independence, Mo., on August 23. It was a great' day fot the aroused Missouri soil tiller. rtiL&rs the nuinUis of the various .fa: me: a' associations are nicst completely agreed in demanding -government rcgu lation.and supervision of railways,, and the suppression of ccinmeicial and mari-ufactuwng- trusts or 'combines." .Youth's CemjHmkm. The call for t! a state farmers'. ie -convention to organize league for New York, which was held at Altamont, embodied these words: '"The unification of the or ganization and the welui' g of the chain of relationship with the body of farmers of the state fire of paramount impoitance at this time. The need is urgent, prudent counsel is expected, efficient practical and disinterested direction required. In union there is strength. Incomplete, established and harmonious union there n powerful good.- Time is a great factor." The resolutions adopted by the Texas Farmers' Alliance convention ask con gressmen to make laws preserving the public domain for American colonization only; that laws, both state and national, be passed to -.regulate transportation for the benefit of the people; and for unlim ited coinage of gola and silver to be sup plemented by a sufficient volume of treas ury notes, to supply the country withouf the intervention of national banks7; also asking the state legislature to specially amend the land law so as to open up the western parts of the state for actual settlers. ' Farmers are determined and emphatic as regards representation in congress and legislature. How do they expert to se cure it? Certainly not by sitting down with folded hands. Let every farmer re menAer that at" the primaries and nomi nating conventions the work must be done. See that true blue farmers are sent to conventiijros, those men who will dare to present .the name of a farmer and fight for h;s ncnination. There can be HO 1 f--ir. W':? .enrp that ill apswer- We sho"TitctndJi stand that we have wily politicians in agristing parties to deal with, and musty Ca -Ape caught napping. American Grantftgbulhtin. Heretofore in all parts of the world the farmer has been no match for his adver sary. He has never held his own against the soldier or the priest, against the poli tician Or the statesman. In the nine teenth century he is the slave, the serf, the peasant or the proprietor, according to location. American farmers are face to face subdued with a crisis. They have a continent, and furnished the rave material for our factories, bread for operatives, and manhood for our civiliza tion. From all parts of this laud farmers are coming together. Organization and co-operation are the wonderful ideas that have awakened them as never before. They demand for themselves and their children an education equal to the best. They insist on a fair share of the profits of American industry. Professor C. S. Walker. . .-- The following letter has been sent out to the sub-Alliances of Georgia by Presi dent Livingston : "It is a, -fact that we regret very much that the contract for cotton bagging did not anticipate the extraordinary early PennP cotton, and for this reason cotton bagging is not on hand in suffici ent amount, and will not be, unless the farmers stop baling cotton for a short time. The Exchange is sending out daily from ten to twelve : thousand yards, but the demand is far beyond the supply. I understand that in some localities where cotton bagging cannon bo had, Alliance men arc us'ng jute from necessity, and are threatened with expulsion. I advise, under the circumstances, no charges or discipline be had, with reference to those using jute, but do all in your power to hold our people to cotton or some other covering than jute. ' President Rogers, 'of the Florida Alli ance issues the following circular lettei to the county ailiancesi ''Whereas, At the .last annual session of the Farmers' State Alliance of Florida the fo lowing resolution was unanimously adopted: uIicohed, That the next annual ses sion of the State Alliance convene on the third Tuesday in October next-at such place as may be designated by the presi dent." And whereas, The members of the cr- der and citizens of Jefferson county have made liberal inducements for said meet- j ing to be held with them, therefore I, R. F. Rogers, president of the Farmers' Stntf Allifinrp nt H nndtl fin riPri' IV rail the annual session to convene in the town of M( ntieello on tjie third Tuesday in October n xt, the same being the 21st day of said month, at 10 o'clock a. in. Each county Alliance in the State will be entitled to two delegates as provided in the constitution of 1889, the proposed constitution of 1800. not having been rat ified by the required two-thirds vote, is therefore not in force." Prominent speakers and statesmen will be invited to be present on the days set apart for the entertainment of Alliance people at the Piedmont exposition, which opens in Atlanta Octdber 15th, and an attractive programme- will be made up ror each day. AU of the 'sub-Alliances of Georgia and other states will be ex pected to be on hand. The following circular letter has been mailed to Alli incexen all over. the country, by the man agement : "Atlanta, Ga., September 24. Dear Sir:. The 28th, 29th and 30th of ..October have been set aside by the management of the Piedmont exp6.sin for the recep tion of prominent Alliancemen from all parts cf the country, an-d it is our earnest . desire to make these three davs a bright period in the history cf the Piedmont exposition of lbi'O. . Every ellort will be made in this direction bv the management, and nothing! w ill be left undone to insure the success lf this event. In view of this fact, the management has requested me to extend an invitation to you to be present, and trust tint you will find it convenient to be with us. ferv trulv vcurs. James R. Wylie, President. and General Manager. CnA ki.es Arnold, Secretary." TELEGRAPH AND CABLE. WHAT IS GOING ON IN THE BUSY WORLD. , -zx A- eVMMART'i OF GUTSJUIS AFPAIKS CON DENSED TltOM NEWSY DISFATCUCH FROM CNCLE SAM'S DOMAIN AND WHAT TUE CABLE B1UNGS. A new chemical trust is forming in London. " A death from cholera has occurred at Bristol, Eng. The "people's party" organized in In dianapolis Tuesday. .Application, was made to court, in New York, ThursJay, for a receiver for the sugar trust. The damage by the paitment of Aruccha, 50,000,000 francs. By the derailing of e ce, Italy, ITuesdav, flood in the de France, amounts to a train n ear Flor five persons were killed and twenty injured Dispatches of Tuesday say : A com mercial panic prevails, in. Lisbon, Portu gal. A crisis is imminent. Turkish newspapers have been forbid den to comment upon the affairs of ortho dox and Armenian churches. The warehouses of Liverpool are crammed with goods to be shipped to the United States before October 1st. Telegraph operators and station agents of the Chicago Eastern Illinois railroad, between Evansville and Terre Haute, w ent on a strike Thursday for an advance in wages. At a meeting of the National League in Dublin, : Tuesday, Mr. Healjv iQ his speech, said that if any tenants submitted to the landlords, they were traitors to their fellow eoua,trymen. r Total collections for internal revenue, for the first, two months of the fiscal year Ot 1890-91 -".Till v nnrl Anrrr.st. noreffated 5&5, 502,506, againsti$23,670,774 for cor- ipcnamg; period last year. 1 - ' wilt; uuitLiti Diaics eiruiiici , uaiiauun., Vhich brought the body of Captain Ericsson to! this country, sailed Tuesday j on her return trip to tne united States. Representatives of leading boards qf trade throughout the country met in Chit, cago Thursday for the purpose of form- ing a natiopal transportation organization for the protection of shippers' and mer chants frori unfair dealing or discrimi nation on t lie part of railways. A Piladelphia dispatch says: In the case of peddlers of an English translation of Count Tolstoi's "Krcutzer Sonata," who had been arrested on the charge of selling obscene literature, Judge Thayer, in the court of common pleas, 'Wednes day, decided that the Ijook is not obscene and that tfie relators had committed no offense against the law. The amount of silver offered for sale to the treasury Wednesday aggregated 338, 925 ounces and the amount purchased 140,000 ounces, as follows: 25,000 ounces at $1.13G; 90,000 ounces at $1.1325; 25, 000 ouncesj at 1.1375. Total purchases, including Wednesday's, . under the new law, hive peen 7,172,475 ounces, leaving about 107,000 ounces to be purchased the remainder of the month. A dispatch from Panama says : Three fourths of.; Colon has been destroyed. Fire brokej out at midnight Tuesday, and was not under control until 7 o'clock a. va. 1 1 is reported that ninety carloads of freight in transit have been consumed. Wharves and shipping are safe. Owing to the riotous behavior of a mob of loot ers, the military opened fire with ball cartridge, killing and wounding several persons. - A Chicago dispatch says: The delayed arrival of p rand Masters Sweeney, of the switchmen!, and Sargent, of the firemen, is tending jto precipitate a general strike among thej Stockyards Switching Associ ation cmp'oyes. Six switchmen were discharged Wednesday morning, making twelve in ill who have been discharged for refusing to work with Ch'cago, Burlington and Quincy non-union engi neers. It is believed that Nothing except the presence of the counsels of Sweeney find Sargent can prevent another tie-up in the vards. THE DEAL MADE. ALABAMA ALLIANCEMEN TO CET ADVAN CES OX THEIR COTTON. a ensparen irom Montgomery says: George F. Gaither , business manager of the Alabama Alliance exchange, announ nounced, rover his own signature, in the ('official organ of the order in Alabama, ' 'I hum ov k-nnrninrr tlmt inursuay morning, mat tne exenange is prepared tp handle 503,000 bales of cot ton, and i ready to advance $35 per bale on insureci couon in me w arenouse. in addition, he states that the exchange has engaged a buver who will buv cotton of the Allian :emcn for export, and when numbers of the orrlers desire, will settle with them after the s.le of the cotton in Liverpool! paying the price brought there, It is claimed that this -vk ill net the alliancemen $5 more per bide fcr cotton than they now get, that much, it is said, being consumed bv the middle men in crdicarv transactions. Large quantities of cotton are stored all along theLvlahain railroads awaiting the arrival of the alliance exehr ouver. RE VlARKABLE TRIAL OF A Mix who committed years ago. MURDER twenty One of jthe most remarkable cases ever : tried in afay court in this countrv was tried in Cleburne county (Ala.) circuit court at Anniston a few davs ago. Over twenty years ago a man named Zaner killed another rhan named Hogan in a "row. Zaner wai arrested, but his trial has been continued from term to term for the past twenty years, and now he is sentenced to a lerra pf only oae ye:ir for his deed. NEWS OF THE SOUTH. BRIEF NOTES ESTING OF AN INTER NATURE. PITHY ITEMS KliOM ALL rOINTS IX THE POTJTHEKN STATES THAT WILL. ENTEK ' TAXN THE READEE ACCIDENTS, FIRES, FLOODS, ETC. The first farmers' institute ever held in Virginia began its sessions Thursday in Rirhond. I CoToncl William C. Carrington, who served as mayor of Richmond, Va., for four terms, died in Williamsburg, Va., Thursday night. .. Dr . C. W. Macune, of Washington, D. C, chairman cf the National Alliance committee on:Legis!ation, was in Atlanta, Wednesday, on his wav to the west, A Charleston dispatch says : The dem ocratic convention of the seventh district, on Wednesday, renominated William EHiott, who was expelled from his seat in the house Tuesday t make room for Thomas E. Miller. The rcnomination was by acclamation. . On the morning cf the 12th a fire at Waldo, Fia., destroyed five frame build ings owned bv T. M. Cauthen, L. Ren ault and D. Hicks, valued at $5, COO, and I stock of general merchanoise, owned by ! W. D. Ziegler, loss $3,000, and stock of drugs, owned by L. Renault, $2,0'j0. No insurance. Twelve miles west of Birmingham, Ala. , Thursday morning a party of engineers, prospecting for coal for the Tennessee Coal, Iron and Railroad company, struck a vein of natural gas. A hole had been bored to a considerable depth, when a strong volume of gas burst forth. It was ignited and burned freely. A special, pf Tuesday, from Bowling Qreen, Ky., says that President S. B. Orwin, of the Farmers' Alliance of Ken tucky, and editor of the official organ of the Kentucky State Unioii published there, has come out boldly against the sub-treasury scheme, and has created much comment by so doing. A San Antonio dispatch- says: The most prolonged senatorial deadlock that . ever took place in Texas is in progress at Mexia. The convention convened in its jAjrd session, the two previous sessions hming several days. There have been 2500 ballots taken, ?xnd the result beginnng, 1 irmingham, Ala. , Idispatch says : omas Ker, a aesperaao, wno nas !oelfied the laws of the staKe and success- lily evaded officers for fifteen years, was apturid J uesdav near his hiding place, in the mountaius in Walker county. He is wanted for arson, burglary, numerous cases of horse and cattle stealing, and -several murderous assaults . ,Ab attempt was made Thursday night to wreck the south-bdund express tra'n on the Louisville road,, near F.alkville, forty miles north of Birmingham, Ala. A number of crossties were piled across the track. They were not heavy enough, and the pilot of the engine knockf d them off the track without derailing the train. This is the third attempt at train-wrecking on this division of the road within a few days. ; . . - ' A dispatch of Tuesday from Anniston, Ala., says : The two coke furnaces in this city will shut down in a few days, on ac count of the dullness in the iron market. These furnaces are among the largest in the south each turning out over 100 tons of iron per day. They have been run ning regularly for the past two yeais, even when other furnaces in different parts of the country closed down on ac count of the dullness. About 200 men are thrown out of work. AN INJUNCTION WANTED AGAINST TENNESSEE COAL COMPANIES AND DEALERS. John Ruhm. United States district at torney for the Middle Tennessee district, under direction of the attorney general of the United States, filed a petition in the clerk's office at Nashville Thursday against companies owning or operating mines from which coal is shipped to Nashville and all local dealers selling to the consumers, numbering three or four dozen companies. The petition alleges that a combination or trust exists between the above c- rporations, firms and indi viduals, to fix piice fcr the Nashville coal market and thus monopolize and con trol the coal trade in Nashville. THE PRISONS' CONGRESS MEETP, IN ANNUAL SESSION THURSDAY. IN CINCINNATI The National Prison Congress Associa tion of humanely inclined persons, atid of persons whose duties are in connec tion with prisons and reformatory work, began its annual meeting in Cincinnati. Thursday. Gov. Campbell and Mayor Mosby delivered the welcoming addresses, and ex-President Rutherford B. Hayes, president of the associaf.iou, made a reply. The work of the congress will continue until October 1st. One hundred and fi ty delegates from all parts of the United States will be in attendance. SIX MILLIONS ARE Trm LIABILITIES OF THE POTTER -LOVELL FIRM. A Boston dispatch of Wednesday says: The footings of the PGtter-Lcvell liabili ties have been reached and the indebted ness of all kinds is found to have been about $6,00.0,000. The direct iebted ness in banks is about $3,000,-000. The direct liabilities arc large because of guarantees placed upon a great deal cf the paper. Before any settlement can be reiched, the amount of this guaranteed paper that will ultimately fall within the note brokers' liabilities must be first ascer- tai: ie!. Orders have been issued by the Ger man Emperor that those members of the aristocracy who have married the daugh ters of tra'des-people shall be excluded from the court receptions. This, the Emperor, says, i3 not that he objects to trade, but to the mercenary spirit of these who Dropose such alliances. U2L km J (A SOME REMARKS ABOUT TEA WATS THAT ARE DARK IN THE PREPARATION OF THE LEAP. Some Study of the Manners ot the Hysons, and a Glance at the Pekoe - Family. The two grand divisions of the tea trade are green and black teas, but in China certain districts make a specialty of "either green or black teas. All Japanese teas arc green. The distinction between the two is arrived at in this manner. There are three gatherings spring, summer and fall. . In the spriug the choice round buds are taken. These lts the superior teas, and the point of time is determined by the nine young leaves which the unfolded bud discovers. At this stage tne leat is wnnout ira grauccf and Very bitter. It, is important to gather It after "a" 'succession ' tf c!eafj At this stage the leaf is without fra- sunny days, when, if it is intended for green tea, it is roasted as soon as pos sible. The same care is used in the summer and fall gatherings. The roasting is clone m a copper ves sel, and the leaver ate kept constantly in motion. In the interior,- however, the Chinese dry the leaves on their roofs in the same manner as old women ia this country dry apples and herbs. Three rdastinps are usually sriven, and after each the tea is rolled into balls between the palms to express the juices. The end of the last roasting is determined by the coming of that bluish tinge seen on tea which resembles the bloom on the grape. After the roasting' the tea is put through a succession of sieves, and thus becomes Young Hyson. Hyson, Imperial and Gunpowder, according to the size and shape of the leaves. Young Hyson, it must be understood, is not the son of old Hyson, who has gone into the busi ness for himself. II j son is trade mark of a firm which made a reputation on culti vated garden tea3, and teas of that quality keer the name. Young: Hyson teas are Tzz.dc up of. the closely twisted leaf of the bud. Gunpowder is the small round bud, and acquires its flavor through the tendency caused by its weight to find the bottom of the pan, where it becomes a little scorchedr Teas thus treated retain their tannin. It is this principle that gives to green tea that strong astringent quality' which makes it either,: greatly preferred or carefully avoidAi -' And it. r . . ... - -. . ii' is tms wnicn makes it so su ' adulteration. Travelers, ao. frre not afways soothing in their statements, say that green, teas not infrequently have served their purpose in China, but re roasted in copper, acquire for less dis criminating nations new colorand flayerf; Tho leaves, for black teas arejrery car e fcll'y gathered, and. small twigs of the pl-t are mixed with ; them; "S- When gcthcred the leaves are left to wither in the ziih. , The process is a species of fer- mentation, and the chemical change re sults in the formation of a volatile oil which gives the tea its flavor, and in a loss of tannin which renders black tea milder and less stimulating to the nerves. At length red spo tsappeax rb"a the leaves that have turned darker. At thi3 stage theyare poured into wicker tuba3 with sieves at the bottom. After roast ing they are rolled into balls, and the double process is repeated several times until the leaf , character is lost. They are then further dessicated over a char coal fire and packed hot, and shipped in chops, a chop being an invoice of 600 packages of eighty pounds each. Souchong and Congou are the princi pal grades of black tea imported and correspond with tha Hyson grades of green tea. Congou is the tea usually known under the title," English break fa?tiea." But if an Am3rican should ask an English tradesman for English breakfast tea he would greatly astonish that person. No such grade is known in England. The hierarchy of . teas known in England is to be taken in this order: "Orange Pekoe," "Flowery Pe koe," "Pekoe," "Pekeo Souchong," "Souchongy" and "Congou." Orange Pekoe is usually drunk in nov els, especially since the Russians have come so prominently into fiction. It is the highest grade of Pekoe, which is a black tea of delicate flavor, and corre sponds with Gunpowder in green teaK Pekoe means white hair. The leaf is gathered when yet covered, with down, and it becomes Orange PeWoe by pack ing flowers in layers between the hot teas and taking them out when the tea has acquired the desired color, and, fla vor. The Congou teas are usually fla vored with cowslips. Formosa, which comes from the island of Formosa, i3 a Japanese black tea, of pleasant flavor, that is rapidly making its way in this country. . j Japan teas, however, are green teas, and the grade known as "Uncolored Ja pan" appears to give away the fact that green teas are usually colored. Indian teas, on the other hand, are all black tecs, the Government forbidding green teas as too easily adulterated. Adulter ation is practised to secure two things: form and color. For this purpose the coarser leaves and the later gatherings and, as alleged, the collections Irom tea houses, are. twisted into shapes resem bling the young tea leaf. Observant travelers say this is done with the feet. TTvinfr secured the form, a handful of Prussian blue and gypsum thrown into the pan glazes the leaves with a metalic tint resembling the bloom above alluded to. The process is, however, too suc cessful, as the bloom diffuses itself even ly. The test of genuineness consequent ly is. differences of tint such as would naturally occur ia naturally dried leaves. Oolong tea3 are green teas roasted not on copper but over charcoal fires, where thev get their flavor from the peculiar wcod used. Ind:aa: teas, as has been said, are black teas, and are manipulate:! by" machinery and dried by hot air, Boiling by machinery the English, who are the consumers of Indiiu teas, claim is greatly preferable to foot rolling, as practiced by the Chinese, being ' also cleaner. The English have certainly brought the making and the drinking of tea to a high state of ; perfection. Cara van tea, as it is called, is the green tea of the Rutian2 arL' as the name iadi cates, is brought overland. Tea is be lieved to be especially susceptible to moisture, and for that.reason is injured by a sea journey. The Chinese them selves drink black tea. Teamakingis aa different in the differ ent countries as the teas. The Chinese steeps it as old women do their herbs The Japanese boils the water and then removes it from the flame. When it has lost its first heat the water is poured on the tea leaves, and immediately after suffusion is drunk clear, but often with the accompaniment of a sweetmeat. Rus sian tea is taken clear with a slice of lemon. In England the tea is steeped fully tea minutes, and is taken with cream and sugar. Black teas are always steeped. But Oolong teas should be only suff used and poured off. The . lighter colored Oqlppg teas are, the choicer they are re- Tea has a literature of its own -since Pcpys wrote, -"I did send for a cup of tea, a China drink of which I never -drank before," and the most celebrated of tea drinkers wa3 Dr. Johnson, "whose kettle had hardly time to cool.since with tea he amused the evening, with tea so laced the midnight, and with tea wel comed the morning." iVew Yerk Sun. SELECT SIFTINGS. The value of a ten of pure gold ft -$602,799.20. The Bible contains no word of more -than six syllables. The small 3st division of an American State is the township. Illinois and Wisconsin Lave passed, laws against boycotting. Mr. Of, the New York picture framer, has the shortest surname in that city. During the middle a?es , ornamental writing was included arnonr the fine arts. A Nevada City (Cat.) man catches lizards for catjes a la squirrel who. a pin fish-hook baited with a fly. A boy in Peeksville, N. Y., is nave honked in Riif nnssinn i.wn fj combined length was seventeenS sV The late Pone PiusTX. oicP'r iapal tnrone irom l4o to 1S was the, longest reign ofr record. f$r Americans can a stew, an n, if i cans can a nasn is Known as aor England. , itha- American wheat i3 callecTc?. Americau corn is called maise, vr! times Indian corn. Pigs' feet are cax as tLO -trofters.i. 'ip H TAe Atchisou, Topcka and Santa Ft system operates more mileage than any other ' single corporation in the United States. .' . The"; largest American tunnel is the HoosiCfc. which is four and three-quarter miles long, about half the length of the. St. Gothard. -.- ' Sixty-five years ago Emmons Ttiidge was arrested in Hartford, Conn., for selling, ice, as the doctors had decidecl that it was unwholesome. The name of a woman who died in Kansas City, Mo., a few days ago was Joicy Jane Parmella Ann Sarah Elizabeth Douglass Carr Gentry Ballard. The highest raltitude reached by any railroad in the United States is on the Denver and Rio Grande line, at Marshall: Pass, which is 10,852 feet above . the level of the sea. The chimes of St. Patrick's" Cathedral, in New York city, will consist of fifteen bells, weighing 30,000, and cost $15,000 They are not yet in place, but are to be finished by Christmas. It is reported that Elkanah Watson, of Albany, N. Y., was the originator of cattle shows and agricultural fairs. The first was . held under his direction, at Pitt3ficld, Mass., in 1810, whore he then had a farm. The' tolling of bells at funerals is a relic of the pagan idea that the sound of -bells frightened away evil spirits. It was kept up until watches and-clocks be came common to apprise the worshiper of the arrival of church time. Until this year R. H. Barham has held the distinction of bsing the only person of h'a name enrolled ia the Bos ton directory. He came there in 1842, v and since then no other man named Bar ham, which is a common name in Eng land, has been a resident of Boston. The following notice is posted in the main street or Athens, G a. : "To my neighbors : If my spring chickens are disturbing your garden kill them and eat them. Don't pile them out in the alley to become a nuisance. John EorcrGTON." Prince Bismarck is the only prominent political personage in European state craft who carries a scar received ia an other field that of battle. He was shot through the thigh in the memorable -cavalry charge on the afternoon of Mars-la-Tour, in which he rode as a private dragoon. . A Farrn Commits Salcid?. The Worcestershire Regiment adopted a fawn as a pst at the Norton depot. At the militia inspection twelve inonth3 ao the graceful creature was led in front of the bind, and received almost as much attention as the colonel ia command. Bat its military career was short-lived, says the London Court Journal. It had its fancies like other animals, and a sense of dignity, too, and there came a day when this sense ras offended beyond endur ance. The fawn had been assigned spe cial quarters at the barracks, aad grew ac-. customed to them. -,Af ter it had enjoyed them for a time, however, two foxhound puppies were introduced into the depot, and to make room for the new arrival the fawn was deposed and placed in ncv quarters. The tender thing evidently took the transfer" as an - indignity, for which nofeven the prospect of military renown would atone. "The next mornings it wa3 found dead, battcjeel and bruised by beating itself against ftnr .walls of .itf- v oV ; - - J- .If--. '
Salisbury Globe (Salisbury, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Oct. 2, 1890, edition 1
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