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T II E IIJE 11 A Ti D
..'" - HAS THE
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J. K. WH1CHABD, - - Proprietor. , EVOTEU TO THE BEST IKTEBBBTS OP 2TOETS CABOirKTA. . : ? ; - TERMS 5 1.5Q Per Year in Advance. IN ROWA N COUNTY.
Vol. V,--No. l5. Salisbury, DST. C, Wednesday, January 15, 18 90. Whole Ioi 23. Price only $150 a year.
V
GENERAL DIRECTORY.
COUNTY GOVERNMENT.
Superior Court Cle.k Jno'M Horah.
Sheriff Chas C Krider.
Register of Deeds H N Woodson,
Treasurer J Samuel McCubbins
Surveyor B C Arey.
Coroner D A Atwcll.
Commissioners T J Sumner chairman,
Yf.LKluttz.-CF Baker, DrL TV Cole
man. "
Public School Sup't T C Linn.
Sup't of Health Dr J J Summerell.
Overseer or roor a. 31 crown.
TUWJS.
Mayor Chas D Crawford
Clerk D li Julian.
Treasurer H Foust.
Police R W Price, chief ; J F Pace,
C W Pool, R M Barringer and Benj Cauble
Commissioners North ward J A Ren-
Atnmnn T1 Xf .Miller Rrmt.h ward D R
Julian, J A Barrett; East ward J B Gor
don, T A Couhenour ; west ward R J
Holmes, J W Rumple
CHURCHES.
Baptist Services every Sunday morn
ias and nieht. Prayer meeting every
Wednesday night. Rev. J. F, Tuttle.
pastor.
Sunday school every Sunday afternoon
at 3 o'clock. Thos. L. Swink, Sup't.
'-" Catholic Services every Second Sun
day at 10$ a m and 7 p m. Rev Francis
Meyer, astor.
Sunday School every Sunday at 10 am.
Episcopal Services every Sunday at
11am and 6:30 p.m. and Wednesday's
at 6:30 pm- Rev F J Murdoch, Rector.
Sunday School every Sunday afternoon
at 3 o'clock. Capt Theo Parker, Sup't.
' . -v 3
I, nth Aran !-rvir'PS fiverv SUUUUV 11
a m, and 7 pm. Prayer meeting every
Wednesday at 7 p m. Rev Chas B King,
" Pastor. .
Sunday School every Sunday afternoon
at 3 o'clock. Prof K G Riser, Sup't. .
-- - Methodist Services every Sunday at
11 a ID, ana 0:3U p m. rraycr luccuug
every Wednesday at 6:30 p m. Rev T W
Guthrie. Pastor.
Sunday School every Sunday afternoon
at 3 o'clock. J W Mauney, Sup't.
Presbyterian Services every Sunday
x at 11 a ra, and 8:30 p m. Prayer meeting
every Wedcesday at 8:30 p m. Rev J
. Rumple, D D, pastor.
Sunday School every Sunday after-
noon at 4 o'clock. J Rumple, D D, Sup't
Y M C A Devotional Services at Hall
everyiSunday morning at 10 o'clock.
Business meeting First Thurday night in
every month. I II Foust, Prest.
LODGES.
Fulton Lodge, No 99, A F & A M.,
' meets every 1st and 3rd Friday night in
each month. E B Neave, WM
; ' Salisbury Lodge, No 24, K of P, meets
; every Tuesday night. A H Boyden. C C
, Salisbury Lodge, No 775, K of H, meets
I every 1st and 3rd Monday night in, each
i -month. uiciaior.
'i Salisbury , Council, No 272, Royal
-! 'Arcanum, meets every 2nd and 4th Mon-
yjnight in each month -i A Ramsay
"mce Hours from 7:30 a m to 5:30 p m.
'; II ley Order Hours 9 a m to 5 p m.
! anday Hours 11:30 a m to 12:30 p m.
J li Ramsay, p.m
" TRADE YOUR
-FOR-
-o-
"We will trade for, 20 tons of good,
sound, new Cotton Seed, any of the fol
lowing amounts of Fertilizer :
10 Tons of Ammoniated Fertilizer, 11
Tons of Cotton Seed Meal, or 12 Tons of
cid Phosphate,
rhis is the best basis of trading ever
offefed for Seed, and farmers should
avail .themselves of the opportunity to
trade their seed for Fertilizer worth two
r three times as much as the Seed are
rth for fertilizing.
iA
BOYDEN & QUINN,
Saliaburv. N. C.
i
'x A above applies to smaller lots also.
THOS. L"vViLLY'S
ffilNE TAILORING ESTABLISHMENT.
(Mansion House Bnilding)
SALISBURY, . . ...N. C.
A full and complete stock of fine Im
ported Goods for my Spring Twde, con
sisting of French, English and Scotch
suitings, of all colors, whicn will be made
Hp in the most fashionable styles.
I An Unsurpassed Line of Trousering.
I All are cordially invited to call and ex
amine my stock, and they will see at
OTce that I keep the best in the market.
The best of workmanship and a Perfect
Fit guaranteed.
TERSIS Positively Cash. 22tf
X -
?Look Ye Here
I
If you want a clean and easy shave,
As clean e.3 Barber ever gave,
Just call e n me at my saloon.
At morniB ?, night, or busy noon .
' Everythii- ' there you always find,
r'h suit tL taste and please the mind;
Vv scissor ; harp, my razors keen. ?
jly shop i ; lways neat and clean. ;
f - 1
k you I I'" ' ve a good shampoo.
The art cf ich is known to few
, e a gooa snampoo, "
The art cf " ich is known to lew;
rii rut a
11 U JUUI UOll HlbU gl(HQi
( tour of your face. .
Xo suit t:
And now t
just comet
AndU
Ky very 1
who patronage intends,
and bring your friends,
i I will try, .
atisfy.
ilcALLISTER,
Salisbury, N. C.
I. "
THE LOST' CAUSE.
AND THE STORY OF ITS
CHIEFTAIN.
The Whole Life of an American
Illustrated by the ; Autobiogra
phy of Jefferson Davis.
From Belford's Magazine.
I was born June 3, 1808, in Chrst
tian county, Ky., in that part of it
which, by subsequent division, is
now in Todd county. At this place
has Bince risen the village of Fair
view, and on the exact spot where
I was born has been constructed the
Baptist church, of the place. -My
father, Samuel Davis, was a native
of Georgia, and served in the war
of the Revolution, first in the moun
ted gunmen, arid afterwards as
Captain of infantry at the seige of
Savannah.- During my infancy my
father removed to Wilkinson coun
ty, Miss. After passing through
the j County Academy I entered
Transvaal College, Kentucky, at
the age of 16, and wasadvanced as
far as the senior class when I was
appointed to the United States
Military Academy at West Point,
which I entered in September, 1824.
I graduated in 1828, and then in
accordance with the custom of cad
ets, entered active service with the
rank of Lieutenant, serving as an
officer of infantry on the North
west frontier until 1833, when a
regiment of dragoons having been
created, I was transferred to it. Af
ter a successful campaign against
the Indians I resigned from the
army, in 1835, being anxious to
fulfill a long existing engagement
with a daughter ofCol. Zachary
Taylor, whom Fmarried, not "af
ter a! romantic elopement," as has
so often been stated, but at the
house of her aunt and. in the pres
ence of many of her relatives, at a
place near Louisville, Ky. Then I
became a cotton planter in Warren
county, Mississippi. It was my
misfortune, early in my married
life, to lose my wife;"d 'or many
years thereafter Iii
in great se-
ir.ian in the
8 wnttT"
I for the first time took part in the
political life of the country. Next
year I was chosen one of the Pres
idential electors at large for the
State, and in the succeeding year
was eleCrted to Congress, taking my
seat in the House of Representa
tives in December, 1845. The prop
osition to terminate the joint occu
pancy of Oregon and reformation
of the tariff were the two questions
arousing the most public attention
at that time, and I took an active
part in their discussion, especially
in that of the first.
During this period hostilities
with Mexico commenced, and in
the legislation which the contest
rendered necessary my military ed
ucation enabled me to take a some
what prominent part.
In June, 1846, a regiment of
Mississippi volunteers was organiz
ed at Vicksburg, of which I was
elected Colonel. On receiving uo
tice of the election, I proceeded to
overtake the regiment which was
already on its way to Mexico, and
joined them at New Orleans. Re
porting to Gen. Taylor, then com
manding at Camargo, my regiment
although the last to arrive having
baen detained for some time on
duty at the mouth of the Rio
Grande was selected to move with
the advance on the city of Monterey,
he want of transportation preven
ted (ien. Taylor from taking the
whole body of voIuhfeerswiiTTki
reported there for duty. The Miss
issippi regiment was armed entirely
with percussion rifles. A"nd here
it may be interesting to state that
Gen. Scott, in Washington, en
deavored to persuade, me not to
take more rifles than enough for
four companies, and objected par
ticularly to percussion arms, as -not
having been sufficiently tested for
the use of troops in the field.
Knowing- that the Mississippians
would have no confidence in the
old flint lock muskets, I insisted on
their being armed with the kind
of rifle then recently made in New
Haven, Conn. the Witney rifle.
From having been -first used by the
Mississippians, these rifles have al
waps been known as the Mississippi
rifles.
In the attack on Montery Gen.
Taylor divided his force, sending
one part of it by a circuitous road
to attack the city from the west,
while be decided to lead in person
the attack on the east. The Miss
ippi regiment advanced to the relief
of a force which had attacked Fort
Lenaria, but had been repulsed be
fore the Mississippians arrived.
They carried the redoubt, and1 the
fort which was in the rear of it sur
rendered. The next day our force
on the west side carried successful
ly the height on which stood the
Bishop's palace, which commanded
the city.
On the third day the Mississippi
ans advanced from the fort which
they held, through lanes and gar
dens, skirmishing and driving the
enemy before them until they reach
ed a two story house at the corner
of the Grand Plaza. Here they
were joined by a regiment of Tex
ans, and from the windows of this
house they opened fire on the artil
lery and such other troops as were
in view. Bat, to get a better posi
tion for firing on the principal
building of the Grand Plaza, it was
necessary to cross the street, which
was swept by canister and grape,
rattling on the pavement like hail;
and, as the street was very narrow,
it' was determined to construct a
flying barricade. Some long tim
bers were found, and, with pack
saddles and boxes, which served
the purpose, a temporary barricade
was constructed.
Here occurred an incident to
which I have since frequently re
ferred with pride. Iu breaking
open a quartermaster's storehouse
to get supplies for this barricade,
the men found bundles of the much
prised Mexican blankets, and also
of very serviceable shoes and pack
saddles. The pack saddles were
freely taken as good material for
the proposed barricade; and one of
my men, as his shoes were broken
and stones had hnrt his feet, asked
my permission to take a pair from
one of the boxes. , This, of course,
was freely accorded; but not one
of the very valuable and much priz
ed Mexican blankets was taken.
About the time that the flying
barricade was - completed, arrange
ments were made by the Texans
and Mississippians to occupy houses
on both sides of the street for the
purpose of more .effective fire into
the Grand Plaza. It having been
deemed necessary to increase our
ffcc, the Mississippi sergeant major
of NTS "ifrrsVM is&TSsi ppi which had
Cll 4 u '.. x, mmmmmfmmfmmm
rema.'ned behind. He return
ed with the statement that the
enemy was behind us, that all
our troops had been withdrawn,
and that orders had been three
times sent to rno to return. Gov.
'Henderson, of Texas, had accom
panied the Texan troops, arid on
submitting to him the question
what we'should do under the mes
sage, he realized as was yery plain
that it was safer to remain where
we were than our supports having
been withdrawn to return across
streets where we were liable to be
fired on by artillery across open
grounds where cavalry might be ex
pected to attack us. But, he added,
he supposed the orders came from
the General-in-Chief, and we were
bound to obey them. So we made
dispositions to retire quietly; but
in passing the first square, we found
that our movement had been antic
ipated, and that a battery of artil
lery was posted to command the
street. The arrangement made by
me for . crossing it was that
1 should go first; if only one gun
was fired at me then another man
should follow; and so on another
and another, until a volley should
be fired, and then all of them should
rush rapidly across before the guns
could be reloaded. In this manner
the men got across with little loss.
We then made our way to the
suburb, where, we found that an
officer of infantry, with two com
panies and a section of artillery
had been posted to wait for us, and
in case of emergency, to aid in our
retreat.
Early next morning Gen. Ampu
dia, commanding the Mexican force
sent in a flag and asked for a con
ference with a view to capitulation.
Gen. Taylor acceded to the propo
sition, and appointed Gen. Worth,
Gov. Henderson and myself com
missioners to arrange the terms of
capitulation. 'Gen. Taylor receiv
ed the city of Montery, with sup
plies, much needed by his army,
and shelter for the wounded. The
enemy gained only the privilege of
retiring peacefully, a privilege
which if it had not been accorded,
they had the power to take by any
one of the - three roads open to
them- The point beyond which
they should withdraw was fixed by
the terms of capitulation, and the
time during which hostilities were
to be suspended was determined on
by the length of time necessary to
refer to and receive answers from
the two governments. - A few days
before the expiration of the time
so fixed the Government of the
United States disapproved of the
capitulation and ordered the truce
to be immediately terminated. By
this decision we lost whatever cred
it had been given us for generous
terms in the capitulation, and hos
tilities were to be resumed without
any preparation having been made
to enable Gen. Taylor,, even 'with
the small force he had, to advance
further into the enemy's country
Gen. Taylor's letter to Mr. Macy,
Secretary of War, was a very good
response to an unjust criticism;
and in the Washington Union of
that time I also published a very
full explanation pf the acts of the.
commissioners and of the militasy
questions involved in the matter of
capitulation in preference to con
tinuing the seige and attack.
Gen. Taylor, assuming that it
was intended for him i to advance
into the interior of Mexico, then
commenced to prepare himself for
such a campaign. To this end he
made requisitions for the needful
transportation, as well as munitions,
including, among other supplies,
large India rubber bags in which to
carry provisions for days, and
which, being emptied before we
reached the desert of sixty miles,
would, by being , filled with
watcr,.enable his troops and horses
to cross those desert plains. These
and other details had been entered
into under the expectation that the
censure of the treaty; of Monterey
meant a inarch into the interior of
Mexico. Another thing required
was a new battery of field pieces to
take the place of the old Ringgold
battery, which by long service had
become houeycombed. When all
these arrangements were nearly
completed it was decided to send
Gen Scott, with discretionary pow
ers, which enabled him to take
nearly all the tried troops Gen. Tay
lor had, including even the engi
neer then employed in the construc
tion of a fort, and the battery pf
new guns to replace old ones,
which were deemed no longer safe,
but which under the intrepid Capt,
Bragg afterward did good service
l",n5feT?"TayTor7 with the main body
of his army, went to Victoria, and
there made arrangements to send
them all to report to Gen. Scott at
Vera Cruz, except the small force
he considered himself - entitled to
as an escort on his route back to
Monterey through an unfriendly
people. The escort consisted of a
battery of light artillery, a squad
ron of dragoons, and the regiment
of - Mississippi Riflemen. With
these he proceeded through Monte
rey and Saltilly to Agua Nueva,
where he was joined by the division
of Gen. Wool,, who had made the
campaign of Chihuahua.
i. Gen. Santa Anna, commanding
the arrriy of Mexico, was informed
of the action which had been taken
in stripping Gen. Taylor of his
forces, and was also informed that
he had at Saltillo only a handful of
volunteers, which could be easily
dispersed on, the approach of an
army. Thus assured, and with the
prospect of recovering all the conn
try down to the Rio Grande, Santa
Anna advanced upon Agua Nueva.
Gen. Taylor retired to the Angos
tura Pass, in front of the hacienda
of Buena Vista, and there made
his dispositions to receive the antic
ipated attack. As sage as he was
brave, his dispositions were made
as well as the small force at his
command made it possible. After
two days of bloody fighting, Gen.
Santa Anna retired before this lit-,
tie force, the greater part of which
had never before been under fire.
The encounter with the enemy
was very bloody. . The Mississippi
ans lost many of their best men,
for each of whom, however, they
slew several of the enemy. For,
trained- marksmen, they never
touched the trigger without having
an object through both sights; and
they seldom fired without drawing
blood. The infantry against whom
the advance was made was driven
back, but the cavalry then moved
to get in the rear of the Missippi
aus, and this involved the necessi
ty of falling back to where the plain
was narrow, so as to have a ravine
on each flank. n
In this position the second dem
onstration of the enemy's cavalry
was received. They were repulsed,
and it was quiet in front of the
Mississippians until an aide came
and called from the other side of the
ravine, which he could not pass,
that General Taylor wanted support
to come as soon as possible for the
protection of the artillery on the'
flank. The order was promptly
obeyed at double quick, : although
the distance must have been nearly
a mile. They found the enemy
moving in three lines upon the bat
teries of Capt. Braxton Bragg and
the section of artillery commanded i
by Geo. H. Thomas. The Mississ- :
ippians came up in line, their right
flank opposite the first line of the
advanced fire. All being sharp
shooters, those toward the left of
the line obliqued to the right, and
at close quarters and. again3t three
long lines very few shots conld have
missed. At ., the same time the
guns of Bragg and Thomas were
firing grape. The effect was de
cisive; the infantry and artillery of
thei enemy immediately retired.
At the close of the day Santa An
na bugled the retreat, as was sup
posed, to go into quarters; but when
the next'sun rose there. was no ene
my in our front.
The news of this victory was re
ceived in the United States with a
degree of enthusiasm proportionate
to the small means with which it
was achieved : and generosity was
excited by the feeling that Gen.
Taylor had been treated with injus
tice. Thenceforward the march of
"Old Rough and Ready" to the
White House wa3 a foregone con
clusion. It this battle while advancing to
meet the enemy, then pressing some
of out discomforted 'volunteers on
the left of the field of battle, I re
ceived a painful wound, which was
rendered more severe in conse
quence of remaining in the saddle
all day, although wounded early in
the morning. A ball had passed
through the foot leaving in the
wound broken bones and foreign
matter, which the delay had made
it impossible then to extract. In
consequence I had to return
home on crutches.
In the meantime a Senator of
Mississippi had died, and the Gov
had appointed me his successor. Be
fore my return home President
Polk had also appointed me Briga
dier General of Volunteers, an ap
pointment which I declined on the
ground that volunteers are militia,
amLtbat the Constitution reserved
j ,.. t"fl tt and apDointmant of 1 ji
militia officers. This was in 1847.
In January, 1848, the Mississippi
Legislature unanimously elected
me United States Senator for the
rest of the unexpired term ; and iu
1850 I was elected for the full term
as my own successor. Iu the Uni
ted States Senate I was chairman
of the Military Committee ; and I
also took an active part in the de
bates on the Compromise measures
of 1850, frequently opposing Sena
tor Douglas, of Illinois, in his theo
ry of squatter sovereignty, and ad
vocating, a3 a means of pacification,
the exteusion of the Missouri Com
promise line to the Pacific. When
the question was presented to Mis
sissippi as to . whether the State
should acquiesce in the Compromise
legislation of 1850, or whether it
should join the other Southern
States in a Convention to dec,ide as
to the best course to pursue in view
of the threatened usurpations of the
Federal Government, I advocated a
Convention of the Southern States,
wish a view of such co-operation as
might effectually check the exercise
of constructive powers, the parent
of despotism, by the Federal Gov
ernment. i The canvass for Governor com
menced that year and the candidate
of the Democratic party was by his
opponents represented to hold ex
treme opinions in other words, to
be a disunionist. For, although he
-wa-a.man of high character and
had served the country well in peace
and war, this supposition was so.
artfully cultivated that, though the
Democratic party was estimated to
be about 8,000 in a majority, when
the election occurred in September
the Democratic candidates for a
Convention were defeated by a ma
jority of over 7,000, and the Demo
cratic candidate for Governor with
drew. The election for Governor was to
occur in November; and I was call
ed on to take the place vacated by
the candidate who had withdrawn
from the race. It was a forlorn
hope, specially as my health had
been impaired by labors in the sum
mer canvass, and there was not
time before the approaching election
to make such a canvass as would be
needed to reform the ranks of the
Democracy. However, as a duty to
the party, I accepted the position,
and made'as active a campaign as
time permitted, wih the result
that the majority against the party
was reduced to less thaii 1,000.
From this time I remained engag
ed" in quiet farm labors until the
nomination of Franklin Pierce.
when. I went out to advocate his
election, having formed a very high
opinion of him a3 a statesman and
a patriot from observations of him
in 1837 and 1858, when he was in
the United States Senate.
On his election as Presidens I be
came a member of his Cabinet, fill
ing the office of Secretary of War
during his entire term.
During these four years I propos
ed the introduction of camels for
service on the Western plains, a
suggestion which was -adopted. I
also introduced an improved sys
tem of infantry tactics, effected the
subtitution of iron for wood in guu
carriages, secured rifled muskets
aud rifles and the nse of Minie balls,
and advocated the increase of the
defences of the seacoast by heavy
guns and the use of large-grain
powder. .
While irf the Senate I had advo
cated, as a military necessary and
as means of preserving the Pacific
territory to the Union, the con
struction of a military railway
across the continent ; and, as Sec
retary of War, I was put in charge
of the surveys of the various routes
proposed. Perhaps -for a similar
reason my provious action in the
Senate I was also put in charge of
the'extension of the United States
Capitol.
The Administiation of Air. Pierce
presents the single instance of an
Executive whose Cabinet witnessed
no change of persons daring his
whole term. At its closer having
been re-elected to the United States
Senate, I re-entered that body.
During the discussion of the
Compromise measures of 1850, the
refusal to extend the Missouri
Compromise line to the Pacific was
early put on the ground that there
was no constitutional authority to
legislate-slavery into or out of any
Territory, which was in fact and
seeming intent a repudiation of the
Missouri Compromise ; and it was
so treated in the Kansas-Nebraska
bill.
Subsequently Mr. Douglas, the
advocate of what was called squat
ter sovereignty,- insisted upon the.
rights of the first immigrants into
the Territory to decide upon the
question whether migrating citizens
might take their slaves with them ;
which'meant, if it meant anything,
that Congress could authorize a few
settlers to do what it was admitted
that Congress itself could not do.
But out of this bill arose a dissen
sion which finally divided the Dem
ocratic party, and caused its. defeat
in the Presidential election of 1860.
And from this empty, baseless
theory grew the Iliad of our direst
woes.
When Congress met in the fall of
1860 I was appointed one of a Sen
ate committee of thirteen to exam
ine and report on some practicable
adjustment of the controversies
which then threatened the dissolu
tion of the' Union. I at first asked
to be excused from the committee,
but at the solicitation of friends
agreed to serve, avowing my willing
ness to make any sacrifice to avert
the impending struggle. The com
mittee consisted of men belonging
to the three political diyisions of
the Senate, the State right1 men of
the South, the Radicals of the
North, and the Northern Demo
crats, with one member who did
not acknowledge himself as belong
ing to any one of the three divis
ionsMr. Crittendon, an old time
Whig, and the original mover of
the compromise resolutions. , When
the committee met it was agreed
that uuless some measure which
would receive the-: support of .the
majority of each of the three divis
could be devised, it was useless to
make any report ; and after many
days of anxious discussion and a
multiplicity of propositutions,
though the Southern States rights
men and the Northern Democrats
and the Whig Mr. Crittendon
could frequently agree,y the could
not get the majority of the North
ern Radicals to unite with them in
any substantative proposition.
Finally, the committee reported
their failure to find anything on
which the three divisions could
unite. Mr DoOglas, who was a mem
ber of the committee, defiantly
challenged the Northern Radicals
to tell what they wanted. As they
had refused everything he claimed
that they ought to be willing to tell
what they proposed to do.
When officially informed that
Mississippi had passed the ordi
nance of secession I took formal
leave of the Senate announciug for
the last time opinions I had so qf
ten expressed as to State sovereign
ty and, as a consequance of it, the
right of a State to withdraw its del-
egated powers. Before I reached
home I had been appointed by the
Convention of Mississippi Commander-in-Chief
of its army, with
the rank of Major-Generalahd I at
once proceeded with the task of or
ganization. I went to my home in
Warren county in order to prepare
for what I believed was to be a
long and severe struggle. Soon
messenger came from the Provision
al Confederate Congress at Mont
gomery, bringing the 'unwelcome
notice that I had boen -elected Pro
visional President of the Confed
erate States. But, reluctant ""as I
was to accept the honor; and care
fully as I had triecTto' prevent- the
possibility of it, in the circumstan
ces of the country Ij could not re
fuse it; and I was inaugurated at
Montgomery, February 18, 1861,
with Alexander H. Stephenson, qf
Georgia, as Vice President.
From this time to the fall of the
Confederate Government my life
was part of the history of the Con
federacy and of the war between
the States. It is impossible, there
fore, to follow it in detail.
In the selection of a; Cabinet T
was relieved from the d ifficulty
which surrounds that duty by the
President of the United States ; for
there was no "sections"! .and no
"party distinctions." - All aspira
tions, ambitions, and interests had
been merged in a great J desire for
Confederate independence.
In my inaugural address I aasert
ed that necessity, not choice, had
led to the secession of the Southern
States ; that, as an agricultural .peo
ple, their policy was peace anjj Free
commerce with all the worldiThat
the constituent parts, not the sys
tem of government, had been
changed. . .
The removal of the troops from
Fortres Monroe to Fort Sumter,
the guns of which threatened the
harbor df Charlestou, and the at
tempt to throw reinforcements into
that fort thus doubly breaking a
pledge that matters should be kept
in statu quo constituted the occa
sion as well as the justification of
, the opening of fire upon Fort Sum
ter. Speedily following this event
came the call for a large armylfby
Mr. Lincoln, and the Recession "of
other Southern States as the conse-;
qiience of this unmistakable pur
pose of coercion.
Virginia, which had led in the
effort by a peace convention to avert
national ruin, when she syv the
Constitution disregarded and the
purpose to compel free States by
military force to submit to arbitrary
power, passed an ordinance of se
cession and joined the Confederate
States.
Shortly after this, as authorized
by the Provincial Congress, I 're
moved the Confederate capital from
Montgomery to Richmond.
Among the many indications of
good will shown when on my way
to and after my arrival at Rich
mond was the purchase cf a very
fine residence in Richmond by lead
ing citizens. It was offered a3 a
present; but following a rule that
had governed my action in, all such
cases, I declined to accept it. I
continued to live in Richmond until
the Confederate forces were com
pelled to withdraw from the de
fences of the capital.
t That event was not quite unex
pected, but it occurred before the
conditions were fulfilled under
which Gen. Lee contemplated re
treat. After Gen. Lee was forced
to" surrender, and Gen. Johnson
consented to do so, I started, with
a very few of the' men who volun
teered to accompany me, -for the
trans Mississippi; but, hearing on
the road that marauders were pur
suing my family, whom I had not
seen since they left Richmond, hut
knew to be en route to the Florida
iCoastI changed my direction, and,
after a long and hard ride, found
them encamped and threatened by
a robbing party. To give them the;
needed protection 1 travelled with
them for several days, until in the
neighborhood of Irvinville, Ga.',
when I supposed I court! safely
leave them. But hearing at night
fall that a party of marauders were
to attack the camp that night, and
supposing them to be pillaging de
serters from both armies, and that
the Confederates would listen to
me. I awaited their coming, lay
down in my traveling clothes and
fell asleep. Late in the night my
colored coachman aroused me with
the intelligence that the camp was
attacked, and I stepped out of t
tent where ray wife and chil
were sleeping, and saw at on
the assailants were troops dep
around the encampment.
formed my wife, who urge
escape. After some hesitation I
consented, and a servant woman
,8tarted with me, carrying a bucket
as if going to the spring for water.
,One of the surrounding troops or
dered me to halt, land demanded
my surrender. I advanced toward
the trooper, throwing off a shaw!
which my wife had put 'over my
shoulders. The trooper aimed his
carbine, when my wife, who wit
nessed the act, rushed forward and
threw her arms around me, thus
defeating my intention, which was,
if the trooper missed his aim, to
try to nnhorse him and escape with
his horse. Then, with every species
of petty pillage and offensive exhi
bition, I was taken ;from point to
point until incarcerated in Fortress
Monroe. There I was imprisoned
for two years before being allowed
the privilege of the writ of habeas
corpus ' ;
At length, when the writ was -to
be issued, the condition was imposed
by the Federal Executive that there
should be bondsmen influential in
the "Republican" party of the
North, Mr. Greely being specially
named. 'Entirely as a matter of
justice and legal right, not from
motives of personal regard, Mr.
Greely, Mr. Gerrit Smith, and
other eminent Northern citizens
went on my bond.
In May, 1867, after being re
leased from Fortress Monroe, I
went to Canada, where my older
uuuuicii HGitj rr i L 11 1 li u 1 1 inuu-
mother; my wife, as soon as permit
ted, having shared my imprison
ment, brought our infant daughter
with her. From time to time I
obeyed summonses, to go before the
Federal Court of Richmond, until
finally the case was heard by Chief
J ustice Chase and District . Judge
Underwood, who were divided in
opinion, which sent the case to the
o - r i . , i ' tt i
oupreme ourt oi ine united
States, and the proceedings were
quashed, leaving me without the
opportunity to vindicate' myself
before the highest Federal court.
After about a year's residence in
Canada I- went to EngFand, with
mv familv. under an arramrempnt
thatI was to have sixty daysnotice
whenever the United States court
required my presence. After being
abroad in England and on the Con
tinent about a year, I received an
offer of appointment as President
of a life insurance company.
Thereupon I returned to this
country, and went to. Memphis and
took charge of the company. Sub
sequently I came to the Gulf coast
of Mississippi, a a quiet, place
where I could prepare my work on
"The Rise, and Fall of the Confed
erate Government." A friend
from her. infancy, Mrs. Dorsey,
shared her home with me, and sub
sequently sold to me her property
at Beau voir, an estate of five or
six hundred acres, about midway
oeiween Mooile and .New Or pan q
Before I had fully paid for this
estate Mrs. Dorsey died, leaving
me her sole legatee. From thh
spring of .1876 to the autumn of
1879 1 devoted myself to the pro
duction of the historical? work just
mentioned. It was an octavo book,
in two volumes of about 700 pages
each. I have alan
, w vu LiUIC tU
time contributed essays to the North
Americam Revieio and Bedford's
Magazine, and have just completed
the manuscript of "A Short His
tory of the Confederate States of
Americi,"- which is expected , to
appear early in 1890.
Since settling at Beauvoir, I have
persistently refused to take any ac
tive part in politics, not merely be
cause of my disfranchisement but
from a belief that such labors conld -not
be made to conduce to the pub
lie good owing to the sectioual hos
tilities manifested againstme since
the war. For the same reason I
have also refused to be a candidate
for public office, although it is well
known that I could at any time
have been re-elected a Senator of
the United States.
I have been twice married, the
second time being in 1844, to a
daughter of William B. Howell of
Natchez, a son ( of Governor
Howell of New Jersey. She
has borne me six children, four
sons and two daughters. My sons .
are all dead; my daughters survive.
The elder is Mrs. Hayes, of Colora
do Springs, Col., and the mother
of four- children. My youngest
daughter lives ivilh us at Beauvoir,
Miss. Born in the last vear of Mi
war she became familiarlvnown as
"the daughter of thf
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Beautq'
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