G1LEND4R
Director's Meet Slated
Due to observance of the Independence Day
holiday, a meeting of the Twin County Rural Health _
Center's Board of Directors, scheduled for this
week, will be held instead on Monday, July 9, at 7:30
p. ni. in the center's conference room.
Stew Sale Is Planned
The Athletic Association of Warren Academy will
sponsor a brunswick stew sale on Wednesday, July 4
at Lake Gaston Estates. The stew will be ready for
pick-up at 11 a. m. and will sell for $3.50 per quart.
Advance orders may be placed with Anne Harris at
257-4530.
Paschall Reunion Set
The annual Paschall reunion will be held on Wed
nesday, July 4, at the Drewry Community Center.
Relatives and friends are asked to bring a picnic
lunch, to be served at noon. A program and enter
tainment will follow.
Saturday Hours Set
Beginning Saturday, July 7 and continuing until
September 1, the Warren County Memorial Library
will be closed all day on Saturday.
Car Wash Plans Listed
The Warrenton Rural Fire Department Biazettes
will sponsor a car wash at the Conner Mobile Home
lot in Warrenton on Saturday, July 7, from 10 a. m.
until 2 p. m. Prices are: cars—$3.00; trucks—$4.00;
and vans—$5.00.
Library To Be Closed
The Warren County Memorial Library will be
closed on Wednesday, July 4.
*
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'If I tell one person about my secret fishing
hole, I may as well tell everybody!"
Thanks to all my customers for
your patronage during my eleven
years as manager of Super Dollar
Store. Keep In Touch.
Delia Stegall
Of Court* Thoro l» Tim* For 1
FALL GARDEN
Soo Us Now
ility
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W. A. Miles Hardware Co.
"H It's Hardwar, ■ W. Hay It"
Worronton, North Carolina
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© ISM NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY
U. S. Civil Defense Plans
Vory From Place To Ploce
By BARBARA S. MOFFET
National Geographic News Service
WASHINGTON — If a nuclear attack struck In
dependence, Mo., thousands of citizens who
followed directions would head for three large lime
stone caves beneath the city. There they would find
stale crackers, 20-year-old lemon drops, frozen
hamburger patties but no cooking facilities, and
outdated medical kits with no drugs.
If a bomb fell on Georgia, residents would be told
to follow a detailed evacuation plan based on postal
ZIP codes, with provisions for food, medical treat
ment, and continuation of key industries. Car
owners would leave home the first day, and bus
riders the second day. Last to go would be people
who had to be picked up at home.
If nuclear war came to some big cities — Los
seles, New York, or Washington, D. C., for
''—what might happen is anyone's guess,
ik it's impractical to try to evacuate the
Di of Columbia," says its head of emergency
prt. tdness, Joseph P. Yeldell.
Patchwork Policy
U. S. Civil defense policy, subject to frequent
shifts over the years, today takes almost as many
forms as there are governmental jurisdictions.
State, county, and city officials are caught between
an obligation to protect citizens and a growing belief
that the nuclear threat simply makes civil defense
futile.
Even the Federal Emergency Management
Agency (FEMA), charged by Congress with up
grading the nation's civil defense, is a bit frustrat
ed.
"If, at this moment, there were a signal that an
attack was imminent, we'd be in a sorry state of
preparedness," says Joseph A. Moreland, FEMA's
assistant associate director for emergency manage
ment.
A seven-year, $4.2-billion plan proposed two years
ago by President Reagan was rejected by Congress.
Some members maintained that civil defense pre
parations only perpetuate the idea that a nuclear
war could be survived.
Instead of the Reagan proposal, Congress amend
ed the 1950 Civil Defense Act, directing FEMA to
help local officials combine attack preparedness
with plans for other emergencies such as floods and
earthquakes.
75 Cents Per Person
So FEMA, the nation's official advocate of strong
civil defense, has a budget for the current fiscal
year of $169 million—about 75 cents per American.
Shelters—built with abandon by the government in
the early 1960s—now are considered too expensive
to construct or even stock. Shelter supplies were
last replenished on a large scale in 1964.
FEMA encourages "shelter surveys," listings of
buildings such as schools and libraries that could be
used as protection from radioactive fallout. And of
ficials say they mail out thousands of how-to-build
a-shelter pamphlets every year in response to
citizens' queries.
But official shelter location lists usually remain
stashed away on local planners' shelves. Few of the
buildings are marked. "We found that those black
and-yellow signs were becoming unsightly," says
Lake Gaston Estates Marina
Open Under NEW Management
Tom & Sarah Are Back!
And Would Like to Welcome
All Our Friends Back
Open 7 Days A Week
Until - Until
Yes, we have gas, minnows, bait, etc.
Macon Church
Plans Service
The Second Baptist
Church of Macon has
planned a Rally of Fifty
Men Marching to the
Glory of God for Sun
day, July 8, at 3 p. m.
The Rev. Roy Green
will be the speaker.
Oscar Williams will
serve as master of
ceremonies.
Several all-male
choruses will be featur
ed during the program.
They will be represent
ing Burchett Chapel,
Cook's Chapel, Oak
Level, and Wairenton.
The public is cordially
invited.
Pete Fredricksen of Philadelphia, a FEMA region
al official.
The federal government's emphasis instead is on
evacuation planning, not shelters, Moreland says.
"We have no reason to doubt that the D. C. area is a
major target for a blast," he says. . .My personal
plans for my family have to do with getting them out
of here so the worst they'll have to deal with is fall
out."
Evacuation planners follow the premise that an
impending crisis would allow at least 72 hours for a
plan to be carried out. A FEMA map designates
about 400 areas as "high risk." On the basis of that
map, local officials are to devise schemes to move
citizens out of target areas to "host" communities.
High-risk areas are military installations or cities
with populations of more than 50,000.
In Georgia, which has put together one of the
nation's most meticulous nuclear preparedness
plans, a scheme is complete for each of the 159 coun
ties except greater Atlanta. The evacuation plans
are preprinted, ready to be published by local
newspapers in a crisis.
Using all available structures, including private
businesses such as the Blue Top Truck Stop in
Rome, Ga., officials have arranged shelter space
for 5,853,067 people, more than the state's total
population, says chief planner Jim Hill. Pets would
be left behind.
Preparing for Refugees
Host counties in Georgia have been alerted to
prepare for waves of refugees, and food companies
would redirect truck deliveries in a crisis.
Elaborate plans call for fully staffed medical clinics
to be set up to treat casualties and for 12-hour shifts
by workers commuting to risk areas to keep key in
dustries operating.
In adjoining North Carolina, however, Marilyn
Braun, the planning coordinator for Greensboro- ^
Guilford County, says that after a serious attempt to
draw up an evacuation plan, she has given it up as
logistically impossible.
"The FEMA idea assumes that everyone is going
to act in a calm manner, that there will be access to
supplies, and that certain counties will be able to
take care of hundreds of refugees," says Braun.
"One county said it was thinking of just waving
people on at the interstate to Virginia."
FEMA's Moreland says response to the federal
government's evacuation idea has been generally
positive. But about 110 jurisdictions, among them
Cambridge, Mass., Boulder, Colo., and the states of
Maryland and New Mexico, have opted out of plan
ning for nuclear attack.
California, where 81 percent of the population
lives in highrisk areas, was halfway through coun
ty-by-county planning last year when opponents
successfully deleted it from the state budget,
leaving Los Angeles and other cities without plans.
Colossal Headache
Another large jurisdiction to dissent from
nuclear-attack planning is New York City, although
state planners say they haven't given up yet. But
New York City is a planner's nightmare.
"You've got a huge population, not enough cars,
lots of ethnics who don't know English: it's
surrounded by water, and there are other jurisdic
tions like New Jersey and Connecticut involved,"
says Col. Marvin Shiro of the state's Division of
Military and Naval Affairs.
Proponents of evacuation planning say that if the
Soviets have a plan, the United States should too.
Intelligence information shows that the Soviets
have shelter space for 10 percent of the urban
population and that civilians have been trained in
post-attack operations. But Soviet plans may look
better on paper than they would be in practice,
some analysts say. The scarcity of cars, for exam
ple, could hamper evacuation.
Some observers fear that U. S. evacuation plan
ning might create a false sense of preparedness for
nuclear war. "If the other power in the confron
tation learned an evacuation had taken place, it
might decide to launch a pre-emptive strike," says
Wilbur Zelinsky of Pennsylvania State University,
who is studying historical examples of evacuation
with support from the National Geographic Society.
"The policy designed to save lives might actually
trigger the disaster."
The Senior Choir of Guiding Star Church in
Drewry will celebrate its fifth anniversary on July 7
at Guiding Star Church, beginning at 6:30 p. m. Ap
pearing on the program will be the Straight Gate
Ensemble, Calvary Temple, Mi Calvary Choir,
Shocco Chapel, Antioch Choir and many others. On
Sunday, July 8, the anniversary will be continued
beginning at 4 p. m. at the church. Mistress of
ceremonies will be Sister Diane Lewis and the Rev.
Charles Davis will preside. Appearing on the pro
gram will be Union Grove, Jones Chapel, the
Marrow Sisters, Forrest Silver, Jordan Chapel,
Markham Chapel and many others. Guiding Star
Senior Choir members shown above are, front row,
from left, Mrs. Mary Haskins, Mrs. Olivia Alston,
Mrs. Alice Elam, Mrs. Fannie Williams and Mrs.
Martha Bullock. On back row are John Elam,
Dwight Williams, Isaiah Williams, Permenas
Bullock and Johnnie Hawkins.