PAGE FOUR
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’ ’ CONSOLIDATED SCHOOLS IN
« ■ ■■ * STATE. , >
'' I 'The movement towards consolidation
I lib,county schools in North Carolina has
■Mwitnessed a decrease in the number of
HHntall schools scattered about the com
i' “jimiities of the State. In the place of
■ 2ne, two apd three-teacher schools, many
H %rge swell ©quipped schoolhouses. have
Kifteen esU&lished. To measure the de-
to which consolidation has taken
place -we consider the rate of elimination
particular of the smaller types of schools
f*4s outlined in State School Facts,
fa The period beginning with the school
• year ending 1899-1900 and extending
the school year 1925-926, has wit
nessed rapid strides in the elimination of
one-teacher schools. In 1900-01, there
wdre 5,411 while ones-teacher rural
"““Schools, and 2,418 Negro one-teacher ru-
ral schools, making 7,829 one-teacher
had been reduced to 1,322 white one
teacher rural schools, and 1,188 Negro
one-teacher rural schools, or a total of
2,510 rural one-teacher schools. A study
| of the rate of elimination, particular to
one-teacher rural schools, shows that
such elimination has been more rapid
among whites than among Negroes. The
decrease for both races, however, h ( as
been most pronounced.
| In 1915-16, there were 1,708 white two
teacher schools, whereas in 1925-26 there
were only 1,247 white two-teacher
schools. During this same period the
number of two-teacher Negro schools in
creased from 338 to 708, making an in
crease of 3>o schools. In 1915-16 there
were 2,046 two-teacher schools and in
1925-26 there were only 1,953 two-teacher
| schools. An increase in the number of
two-teacher schools for Negroes, may be
explained in several ways. First, fewer
Urge consolidated schools are being built
for Negroes. In the second place, many
of the one-teacher Negro schools are
evolving into two-teacher schools.
The rate of elimination for the one
teacher and two-teacher schools has been
cited to show the degree to which con
solidation has taken place. Consolida
tion means the establishment of larger
schools. Perhaps a more perfect indica
tion of the extent to which consolidation
Litas been achieved will he found in the
data pertaining to more than three-teach
t er schools.
I? In 1916-17, there were 378 rural schools
■ for whites having more than three teach
ers; in 1925-1926 there were 916 rural
schools for whites having more than three
Iteachers per school. During the same pe
ll-tod the number of rural schools for Ne-
Igroes having more than three teachers
■ increasel from 31 to 194 schools. In 1916-
17 there were 499 rural schools —for the
j two races—having more than three teach
ers per school. During the school year
f&925-36 there were 1,110 rural schools
Having faculties larger than three teach
ers. The figures given show in a very
Ktcided way, that the larger type of
School is on the increase in this State,
liphe increase mentioned covers both rac
mjt. If ■ consolidation leads to improved
instruction it follows that
line educational , opportunities afforded
fthe children in this State have undergone
filch improvement during the past
JEgU. > fri'. v „ r< .;
p. Each year the county superintendents
Ipjirnish to the State Department of Pub
lie Instruction statistical reports giving
* *
the number of consolidated schools per
county. At the close of the school year
1925-1926, there were 814 rviral consoli
dated schools in North Carolina. Os!
this number, 696 were for white children;
and 118 were for. Negro children.
The extensive consolidation program,
which has been achieved in North Caro
lina, has naturally enough led to an in-j
crease in the number of' school busses;
and in the number of children transport
ed.
In 1914-15 six vehicles were used to
transport 247 pupils to and from consoli
dated schools. In 1919-20 the number of
vehicles had increased to 150 and 7,936,
children were being transported. By
1925-1926, North Carolina owned 2,317;
trucks to transport over 87,000 children.,
During the 6-year period 1919-29 through
1925-26 the number of children trans
ported Increased frojm 7,936 to 87,283.
An inspection of the figures shows that
North Carolina ranked third among the
states in number of school busses, third
among the states in number of children
transported, second among the states, ac
cording to the number of miles of route,
and third, according to the total cost for
the school year 1925-26. The figures show
that North Carolina in 1925-26 had 814
consolidated schools and 2,317 school
busses. These 2,317 busses were cover
ing 51,869 miles of route, and were
transporting more than eighty-seven
thousand children. In tire year 1925-26
the total cost of transportation in North
Carolina was $1,302,720.00.
For whites, there were only nine
counties in 1925-26 which did not have
schools employing more than 7 teachers.
Guilford County had 14 schools employ
ing more than 7 teachers per white
school; 'Cumberland County had 13
schools employing more than 7 teachers
per white school, and Buncombe county
had 11 schools employing more than 7
teachers per white school. In the one
hundred counties there were 383 white
schools and 112 Negro schools with more
than 7 teachers per school. There were,
in 1925-26, 696 consolidated schools for
whites and 119 schools for Negroes. The
119 schools for Negroes were scattered
over 42 counties.
Cabarrus county was not included in
those counties which boasted of consoli
dated schools in the 1925-26 term. How
ever, during the past year such schools
were operated in the county for high
school students and it is reported that
other counties which did not have the
system in the previous year, did liave
such schools for the school term which
just closed several weeks ago.
PEONAGE IN GEORGIA.
Dr. King, who operates a big Georgia
farm, has been freed by a jury which
tried him on a peonage charge. The
case of the State broke down when a ne
gro who said he had seen five other ne
groes killed and buried on the farm, ad
mitted that he was not telling the truth.
However, there was enough evidence
presented to show that a healthy condi
tion does not exist on this particular
farm. Dr. King, who formerly managed
the farm, admitted on the witness stand
that he whipped four laborers on the!
farm, but he denied that any one was
kept there by force. That may be true,]
but we doubt if anybody in North Car
olina could keep negroes on their farm if
they whipped them every time they did
something that was not just right. Un
der what law did Dr. King whip these
negroes ?
One stole a time book and would not
tell its hiding place, Dr. King said, so he
was whipped. Why have a court in
Georgia if persons charged with larceny
are to be handled by the man bringing
the charges against them?
This trial may do one thing at least—:
it may make operators of farms in Geor
gia more careful in the future. Now
that public interest is being centered on
one such plantation the lot of the labor
ers there and at other farms may be bet
ter for the time being, at least.
Sheriff Caldwell gives warning that
operators of slot machines, punch boards
and the like are to come under the watch
of the law. Several such gambling de
vices have been seized and destroyed by
the Sheriff within the past week and he
has served notice on the public that fur-;
ther violations of the law will result in ;
arrests. The law is plain enough on this
subject and Sheriff Caldwell has power
enough to do just what he says he wall
do. The Legislature several years ago
put a ban on such devices there is
plenty of authority under which Sheriff
Caldwell can arrest every person found
„ u . j
§£ *
tlx- doctors bring in Wen cylinder, that‘ I II
know it’s time for' me to quit. The trouble with
most men t is that they hurt their machinery too
miji;h. ft topy like a certain thing they overdo
ff. Thg.v egt tqo .ranch dqtok too much, sleep too
much and tire too soon.”-—Thomas A. Edison, in
... . •>
tHE DAItV TRIStM
WORK HOTBB. *1
Statesville Daily.
When a bill to cut the working hours of women
and children (children over 14) employed in in
dustrial plants from 00 to 55 per week, was {re
sented to the late deceased legislature, the house
treated it as a joke and voted if down with jeers—
a shameful performance. It was bad enough to
vote the bill down, but to treat it as a joke put
the legislators in a light in which they would
hardly care to anpear if they are capable of gjf
preciating the situation, ffpfore the sitting Wp
concluded a bill was passed providing that childitep
between the ages of 14 to 10 must not be permitted
to work more than eight hours a day. That might
have been evidence of repentance, or realization
of the shame of the first performance. But there
is a string even to this. Tbe 8-hour period applies
only r to children that have not completed, die
fourth garde at school.
The two-year period—between 14 and 16—was
little enough. It is hard on mature men to work
ten hours a day, closely confined. That period is
too long for women and children, even youths past
10. But if children between the ages 14 arid 16
have completed the fourth, grade at school they may
be worked for a longer time than eight hours. ' II
isn’t physical strength hut education that eouata
Which is curious.
Bpt there is another feature that helps. Here
tofore children employed in industrial plants could
be sent to work at 0 in the morning and Ahw
worked until 9 at night. Not that they could be
worker! straight along. But their hours could be
arranged so that they could be sent to work that
early, or they could be kept on the job until 9
p. m. tinder the new law children may not begin
work until 7 a. in.
The women’s organizations asked for the eight
hour day for women and children and the fore
going is what they got. They consider that some
gain, an admission that this class of workers should
not be kept on the job as long ns men. But the
women didn't ask for the school provision—per
mitting a youugster to Ibe worked more than eight
hours simply because he had completed the fourth
grade at school.
THE PRESIDENT AND THE NOMINATION.
Charity and Children.
All the political experts are now giving Mr.
Coolidge fret advice regarding the third-term issue.
Hardly a day passes without some amateur saver
of the country rushing into print with the positive
assertion that Mr. Coolidge will run or that he
will not run. Not a week pusses in which it is
not proved in forty different ways that the Re
publican party cannot afford to renominate him,
and in just as many ways that the party cannot
afford not to renominate him. But in the midst
of the clamor Calvin is as silent as the tomb—that
is, he is silent on this subject, although he talks
incessantly about everything else. Yet all the con
versation of other people on this topic is wasted
breath. If Coolidge wishes to have the nomination,
he will take it. A President—<any PremdeateSetill
do that. The prestige of the office is so tremendous
that no, political party would dare repudiate a
President who desired to be renominated; and in
addition to prestige, the President has all the power
of Federal patronage with which to whip delegates
into line. If Mr. Coolidge decides not to he a
candidate for renomination. then there will be a
real tight in the Ilepublicnn party; but if the
President makes up his mind to run again, the rest
of the bo.vs might just as well pack up their traps
and get out of the road, for they will not be able
to put up enough resistance to make the President
know he has been in a tight. It is a different
story, of course, w hen it comes to the election;
•but in so far as the nomination is concerned, if
the man in the White House chooses to do so he'
can merely stretch out his hand and pick it up.
THE REAL TEST.
Charity and Children.
The colleges have turned loose another flood of
graduates upon the world. The total in North
Carolina, as has become usual, eclipses all previous
records. But there is 110 longer any question of
who is to do the world’s work when everybody has
a college degree. To be a college graduate 110 long
er implies that one intends to become a doctor, a
lawyer, or a preacher. College training these days
is necessary for a young man to have an even
start in the business world ns well as in the:
professions. The fact that North Carolina colleges
this year graduated more students than ever be
fore simply means that the State is trying to keep
up with the procession. If the number of our col
legians remained static, we should not be holding
our own, but losing ground; for the rest of the
country is driving ahead. We hope that North
Carolina is making a little 'better than the average
speed, for we started far back in the race. It
took a long time for us to come around to the
doctrine Unit a well-trained brain is not an orna
ment nor a luxury, but a tool-box necessary to
every man and woman who expects to do good
work in the world. We have not quite assimilated
the notion that books are —or ought to be—imple
ments, but as education spreads further that, too,
will come. And this spirit, not the development,
of our industry, not the development of our
agriculture, not the development of our State road
system or of any other material thing, is the real
measure of the progess of North Carolina. Only
ns we become a thinking people do we become a
really progressive people.
READY MONEY.
Gastonia Gazette.
Several carloads of poultry have been shipped 1
out of Gaston county within the past two or three!
weeks. This is something new for this county,'
but it will not be a novelty much longer, if the I
folks keep on raising chickens as they have started
out.
Five carloads went out from Rowan county a!
few days ago at one shipment. Each car contained
about 18,000 pounds of poultry or 4,500 chickens.
This is one of the weekly shipments out of Salis
bury by the Carolina Poultry and Egg company,
of which Mr. B. H. EHer is manager.
In adition to poultry, a solid carload of eggs is<
shipped from Salisbury every week containing 13,-1
800 dozen. The Salisbury Post quotes Mr. Eller*
as saying that he finds a ready market for all the 1
poultry and eggs he can get and buys all he can
get hold of, and pays cash for them. ‘He says
Rowan farmers will find a daily market at his
place and that they are finding this out. During
dollar day here last week a number of farmers
came in with chickens and disposed of them at
his place. He says the farmers will find poultry
raising profitable and that Rowan is a splendid
poultry raising section. *
The northern people like the North Carolina
poultry and he has telegraphic inquiries almost
daily as to shipments. There is a fine opportunity
for the raising of poultry here and farmers are 1
gradually finding this out.
‘Rejuvenation is a myth and the inevitability
of old age must be fully realized, hut prolongation
of life, with reasonable retention of physical and
mental vigor, may reasonably he expected to fol-
Jto .cpMfjtlly lived life. . |The,\mjt|iinuble
* j vj*’ jvAo the of uniform 1 y good health
It wouldn't he so far wrong to observe that
peace in China fca« Sfcanghaled.-Daljas
Journal.
-V.-;
4 1 nini.ii 1 • '
I Cute little Murders
| »y WicKia* wASOtoLDT
. i..—
i A woman threw down her uewspa
-1 per the other evening find declared;
despairingly, "isn't it awful 1 All
' these murders! Do'you pappose the
world was always so bad as this!”
1 Bo bad as this? Yes, dear lady,.
' and worse and more 'Of it. ' :
■ Not so very long ago as time is
figured, man or woman was not safe,
on the streets after dark without
armed escort, and right husky escort,
too. When dark came folks retired
behind barred doors and shuttered
i windows. Throughout the night were,
; heard the howls of brawling men, the
' roars of angry fighters, the screams of
persons attacked, injured, or being
killed. It was quite usual to find
bodies of plain persons in the streets
at morning.
I According to the story books, val
iant knights yanked their armor on
, over their pajamas and went to the
I rescue, particularly when the cry of
■ a fair lady was heard. But in real
ity most of those doughty gentlemen
1 snuggled down under the bedclothes
and let those beset take care of them
selves.
It wasn't so much farther back than
that that barred doors and shuttered
windows would not keep out the
rabble and the assassin. Not 011$
did t|ere have to be wailed fortresses,
but the waits had to be high and sur
rounded by deep moats filled with
water which could be crossed only
by' drawbridges.
During she last thousand years the
world . has progressed astoundingly
from the standpoint of law and order,
and a thousand years is a very little
time compared with the number of
centuries that the world ha 3 existed.
Murder used to be the commonest thing
in the world. Human life was the
cheapest of things. If a man wunt
ed another man’s wife, he killed the
man and, her; King David on one
occasion employed that gentle custom.
When a landed gentleman wanted
more land, he swooped down on some
other lauded gentleman, slew him and
his followers, took the ladies prison
ers. and there he was.
We crab a good deal about the law
lessness of this country, and it is well
we do so for there is still plenty of
room for improvement; but compared
with the way they did things even
some hundreds of years ago, we live
in a sphere of perfect orderliness. Com
pared with the way they slew folks
only a dozen centuries ago, the kill
»-cjhav|Tjo\v\at!d\hfipe ,ctrte little
murders.
The world today, as individuals, has
a higher regard for human life than
ever before. The worst crime that one'
can commit today is to kill a fellow:
man as a private and social affair;
but when it comes to murder by na
tions. the ancient boys were pikers
as compared to us. Never was there
a war tlrnt slew so many men us did
a war about a decade ago. waged at
(he height of man's so-called Christian,
enlightenment.
TODAY’S EVENTS.
Saturday. June 11, 1027.
In the ecclesiastical calendar to
day is the Festival of St. Barnabas.
An International Music Exposi
tion is to be opened today in the
Ge.rman city of Frankfort.
President Coolidge is to speuk to
day at the annual business meeting
of the Government in Washington,
v The first qf this summer’s citi-
military training camps js to
be (opened today at Fort I). A. Bus
sell, Wyoming.
The lit- Rev. Alexander J. Mc
.Gavick, Catholic bishop of La
Crosse, today observed his fortieth
anniversary in the priesthood.
The advance guurd of Mystic
rihriners will arrive in Atlantic City
today for the imperial council ses
sion of .their order, which is to hold
forth in the famous" coast resort
during the coming week.
Captain Charles Lindbergh the:
American transatlantic flier. is
to reach Washington to
day, to be officially received by
President Coolidge and is Cabinet
and to receive the plaudits of the
Nation.
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fireproof wallboaxdL, af
fords a perfectly smooth
surface for any decora
tion. All joteta arecon
\ cefjed. Never warps-
A splendid inautacor
any house cooler in
summer. Let ua «how
f'j’i, you'why.;';; : ;
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DELCO LIGHT
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notice the rapidity with
tfhich we finish the work you
ask us to do.
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