Newspapers / The Roxboro Courier (Roxboro, … / Dec. 23, 1914, edition 1 / Page 2
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For particulars address LONG, BRADSHER GO. Big Convict Finds Little Done, to Regulate Aeroplanes. HAGUE ACTION IS IMPOTENT Only England and Austria-Hungary Fa vored Restriction of the Use of F i ing Machines Aeronauts Not Considered Spies. T ew York Battle in the air, the de struction of the mightiest fortitica tions by veriiabie cloudbursts of ex plosives and the spyaig out of military works or maneuvers from the deadly vantage point of the aviator are ail ideas which have appealed stxongly y. 4A . X !l ii. X tu licuuti vwuers, a writer in me iew lork Times remarks. It it is in the present European conflict that the fleets of the air will be given -their first real test, and possibly their last 'one, for many authorities believe that they will add intolerable horrors to war and that as fighting machines at least they will be banished by international agreement before another conflict takes place. International law is a complex and slowly growing body of rules which has been built up by the association of the I nations of the world with each other The science of aeronautics has grown so rapidly that it has outstripped the ponderous machinery of Internationa conferences. As a result the greatest of wars is now in progress, with little or no agreement between the contend ing powers as to what constitutes proper use of air vehicles in the car rying on of hostilities. In "The Law of the Air," written by Harold D. Ha zeltine, the laws concerning the use o the air are discussed. Doctor Hazeltine is an English authority on internation al law and his book consists of a series of lectures delivered at the University of London. Doctor Ila.eltine first discusses tne general principles concerning the con trol of the air space by the state. Be cause of the short time during which tn:s has-been a matter of any ini 1 .-nance no very Gciinite conclusions have been reached. Many authorities on international law hold that the air is free to ali, and that any device for navigating it has the same right to travel through any part of it that aJ vessel has to voyage anywhere on the high seas. A number of rather ingen ious arguments in support of this view have been worked out by those who advocate it, but neither general opin ion nor any statute has ever recog nized such a stand. The opinion which is generally held, and on which all nations act when they arrest foreign aeroplanes "which fly above their territory without permis sion, is that each country holds abso lute sovereignty of the air space above its territory. During the Franco-Prussian war ol 1S70 some attempts were made to use balloons for observing the movements of the hostile armies. The status of aeronauts had not been defined at thai .he hostile , party " Under this, prcvi jion aviators seeking information could hardly be regarded as spies, for they operate without ftlse pretenses and without claiide3'inityS ' As soon as there was some indica tion .that flying machines might be perfected, the international lawmakers were at once struck with the! question of their use for the dropping of explo sives. The same conference at whlin the laws concerning the treatment of airmen taken prisoner during war were passed took an important stand on the explosive question, and one which, it is tojae regretted, has not been con tinued. In January of 1899 Count Mouravieff of St. Petersburg sent a cir cular to the states to be represented at The Hague, Jn which he urged "the prohibition of the discharge of pro jectiles or explosives of any kind from balloons or by any similar means " The subject was given a brief con sideration and the Jaw suggested by the Russian count was adopted for a period of five years, which expired on September 4, 1905. Eight years later it appeared that the action of the tri bunal was not prompted so much by humanitarian feelings as by the belief thut air craft were not destined to play an important part in any war in the near future. When the second gathering at The Hague took place, h' 1907, it was impossible to inspire' any of the great European powers with the sentiments to which they had unani mously subscribed in 1890. The prog ress made in the science of aerial nav igation had been so extraordinary that the military powers were deeply inter ested, and very few of them wished to give up this new method of attack. ' England and Austria-Hungary were of the party in favor of the limitation of armaments, and accordingly favored restriction of the use of aeroplanes. Lord Reay. the British delegate, ar smed that it would be most unfortunate "1 w .'- I rr a Children Crv for itiai ; in use for over 30 years, has hnn nas been ana nas Deen made under his " 01 sonal snpervision since itl peN Allow no one to aSL l1?. All Counterfeits, Imitations and " Just-as-on" this Experiments that trifle with and endanger ih ar,e but Inlants and Children-Experience against Expert 0f What is CASTORIA " Castoria ii a harmless substitute for Castor Oil p goric, Drops and Soothing Syrups. It is pleasant ? contains neither Opium, Morphine nor otlier Yi substance. Its age is its guarantee. It destroys vCOtic and allays Feverislmess. For more than thirty lias been in constant use for the relief f Con'tiw- lfc Flatulency, Wind Colic, all Teething- Troubled Diarrhoea. Ic regulates the Stomach and Bow ? assimilates the Food, giving healthy and natural X The Children's Panacea-The Mother's Friend. p' GENUINE CA T ALWAYS Bears the Signature of J In Use For Over 30 Ifears The Kind You Have Always Bought THE CENTAUR COMPANY, NEW YORK CITY. THIS SP AC E m?mm TS THE (MY Reaew-Tbday! Airship Bombarding a Battleship. time, and Bismarck ordered that any who might be captured be considered as spies. As a matter of fact, a num ber of them were tajsen prisoner, but were not treated as military prisoners, and were not executed. , It was no' until the first - Hague convention, in 1899, that the position of balloonists in time of war was defined. The conference decided that balloon ists are not spies if they are sent "to deliver dispatches" or to "generally maintain communication between the various parts of an army or territory." This ruling fails to provide, for the treatment of aviators who may be cap tured in the act of gaining information, but such activity seems to be provided for in a definition of a spy which -was adopted at the same time! This de clared that "an individual can "Only be considered a spy .if, acting clandestine ly or oh false pretenses, he obtains, or seeks to obtain, information iriv the zone of operations of a belligerent wiih the' intention of communicating ii tt .-(.( cplar.es Hovering Over a Battle ship. - I to add a third expensive arm o the fighting force of nations already over-' burdened with the cost of their naval and military operations. France and Germany opposed this view, on the ground that they could not afford to give up advantages which might be very great in the future if progress in the new science of the air continued as rapidly as it seemed likely to do. After much discussion a vote was taken on a measure providing for the continuance of the prohibition adopted at the 1899 convention until the ter mination of the third peace confer ence, scheduled for 1915. Of the A . states represented only 27 adopted the measure, and the only important coun tries to do so were England and Aus tria. The signing of this,, declaration t by these two nations wili have no ef iect in the present war, because it is expressly provided that if "either of 1 hem has an ally in any waT who has not adopted the. measure it is not bind ing on them. v ( The only attempt made to limit theP activities of air craft was an addition to the rule ofcthe Brussels conference ! of 1874 reading: "The attack or bom bardment of town, villages, habita tions or buildings which are not de fended is forbidden." This was sup plemented by the words "by any means whatever." Except for the restriction concern ing undefended places it can be said that there is no law governing the .use of aeroplanes and dirigibles in the present war. Anything wrhich can be done to harass .he ene'my is permis sible. In the matter of wireless telegraphy some international rules have also been adopted, but they are not of much mportance in this war, and it is hard o see how they could ever be en forced. The chief provision is that any neutral country may order belligerent ountries to cease from sending wire less messages across its territory It is very unlikely that such a course would he taken, because it would in all probability be disregarded. 1 1 r- T7J j wniesaie orcer, reeu anu Seedsmen that sells direct to the Consumer at Wholesale Prices. The biggest store of its kind South of New York. Terry Grocery Co. South Bostqn, Va. Big Stor on Main St. Announcement WIZARD BUR3ANK IS OUTDONE Potatoes .nd Tomatoes Are Grown on N Same Plant by Gardener in Britton, S. D. Britton, S. D Plants with potatoes on their roots and tomatoes on their tops, raised here by H. E. Benson, may yet place him in the garden wizard class with the famous Burbank. In appearance the plants are of the ordinary potato7 variety,- but at their tops are large bulbs resembling to matoes in both meat and seeds. Whether or not these are the -or-" dinary potato balls often seen or a growth caused by the mixing of tht pollen of the tomato and potato blos soms is not certain, although the latter- explanation of the Odd combina tion plant js believed to. be' the; true one. . v: , . ' There is rothing that adds so muchto your home as music. A genuine piano or better piano of the best makes at a low price and on easy terms. This announce ment will interest good many people. The piano and player piano are becoming more pojhilar daily. You have perhaps hesitated to give your home a piano as you did not feel able to give tht price for a good one, and did not want to purchase the cheap ones so extensively. advertised. So you are oneot taose who will be interested in getting a genuine piano qr player at the price of a 'cheap one; , 'We and the manufacturers guarantee every piano- that we-sell to be a better piano thaniyou capi-get at most places tor from $75 to $100 more. All pianos sold under a contract to stay as they are. when sold and to be kept in tune free of charge Mfivfe years. Gall, phone, or write tor . iree. lmtormation and catalogue. 09 Empire Block, Salisbury, N. U Phorie 124.; - -: - -' Phone 124. i -1 v V.
The Roxboro Courier (Roxboro, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Dec. 23, 1914, edition 1
2
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