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f i ; A MODEL FARM How a Clergyman Lifted a Mortgage on a Pennsylvania Farm ". CUV ELLIOTT MITCHELL jr. There la a farm In south easterm Pennsylvania which tha Department of Agriculture considers a model twen tieth century farm. It consists of fif teen acres, thirteen ,of which are U cultivation, the remaining two acres belli occupied by buildings, yard, etc This land came into the possession of the present owner a minister of tha GMpel in 1881 with a mortgage of 17,200 upon it ; Improving the Soil. V The soil of the farm is a reddish Somewhat gravelly clay. So run down was It in 1881 that it did not support the two cows and one horse kept upon It Last year it raised all the rough age for thirty head of stock, seventeen of which are cows in milk. It has been brought up to its present remark able state of fertility solely by the use of stable manure applied directly from the barn. The system of handling this manure is such that none is lost, either liquid or solid. No commercial tertil . tsers have ever been used and no ma nure has been hauled from the city. This is a practice greatly differing from that In vogue on the majority, of tematie la the work that tha owner may leave for a week without notice to the laborers, with no interruption to the regular routine. The feeding! of the cows, the handling ot the milk, keeping the barn clean and disposing the manure, are all worked out under such a system that they require little supervision on the part of the proprie tor. There la no pasture on this farm tor pastures on such high-priced land are out of the question. There la not ATn a Hern lnt th ttilrHr IimJ nf cattle remaining in the stalls the year round. We have been taught that this is not a good practice, for It has been supposed that milch cows need a cet tain amount of exercise, yet it must be considered that the Danish cows stand in their stalls from November to May and are staked out In the field from May to November, and yet Den mark ranks high in the dairy Industry ana her cows are healthy. Balanced Rations a Necessity. Notwithstanding this extraordinary practice the bill for veterinary services on this Pennsylvania farm during the past six years has been but f 1.60, and duplicated on other farms, but It de pends on the soil and the man who has tha management of it It cannot be done by one who is not a student A similar system may be developed on any dairy farm that disposes of pas tures. Where land ia cheaper and the dairyman can afford pastures, the sys tem would be radically different In summer but not in winter. Probably the most Important stasia, feature of this Pennsylvania farm aside from the systematic manner in which it is con ducted is the one of handling the ma nure. The fact that the stock is Btabled the year round makes it pos sible to save all the manure both liquid and solid and apply It te the land. Being applied dally as pro duced, any leaching by rains, carries the -leached materials into tha soil where it is needed. The remarkable yields of ..every portion of this farm sea to indicate that this method ot handling manure Is highly satisfac tory. ;. ,v. '' A BIG EDITORIAL OFFICE. farm Buildings and Silos. ffft-g, '-j. ff "tf " J, .,2 ' 111 tOtlU the farms of this country, where the owner seeing a dollar in sight tor a load of manure readily sells it to neighbor rather than apply it to his owa anil, where its value might be three or four times as great On the model farm In Pennsylvania most of the crops are fed to the stock and thus largely return to the land in manure. Upon assuming management of the farm the owner with no previous ex perience In farming began to. read what agricultural literature was avail able. One of the first books secured by him was Qulncy's little treatise on the oiling of cattle, written in 1859. Soil ing consists in cutting and giving green feed in summer instead of allow ing the animals to run on pasture. This system adopted by the farm owner did not prove satisfactory the first year because no other feed was ased and the cows did not do well. In addition the manure was difficult to handle and it was not easy to keep the barn clean. Before the next season, however, the new farmer had procured Stewart's book on feeding animals and from It learned his first lesson in "balanced rations.' He also learned to feed some dry hay with the soiling crops, thus giving the manure a proper consistency. Thenceforward the man agement of the constantly growing herd of cows was a simple matter and the farm began not only to pay a profit hut to increase in fertility, so that within seven years the entire mort gage was paid off. ' The farm la strictly a dairy farm. the only products regular! sold being milk and a few head of young catue each year. The cows are all registered Jerseys except one or two picked up at neighboring sales. They are not only yore bred but well bred. Male calves, If worthy of it, are reared for breeding purposes, but none is ever vealed. If a mala calf Is not fit to raise ter a breeder it is killed at birth. "It etoesat pay to teed f IS worth of meal to a calf that will sell for 4 7 uM the owner. The young cattle sold from (lila farm brinx on an av rage $100 apiece, and about five are disposed of each year. "' The milk Is all sold at 25 cents a gat lea the year round to a State institu tion located' two miles distant The milk tests high, is perfectly clean and free from adulteration. There is never any complaint from the buyers; on the ether hand, this farmer is considered public benefactor. As soon as the milk la drawn it Is placed in perfectly clean cans standing in cold water some distance from the barn and stirred frequently to aerate it and aid the cooling. The milk vessels are never allowed to stand around uncleaned, but are washed as soon as the milk Is re moved, first with cold Water, then with bol'Jcg and finally again with cold Wbior. The amount of milk produced from the seventeen cows Is nearly the same at all senmns and averaw about t"fy-nix prill on s a day. While this Ti.J cf approximately 4,800 pounds a year for each of the seventeen cows it is not enormous, by any means, H u r i' l. The income from the milk r- 1 ia about $2,400 a year. The e 1 r concentrated feeding stuFs 1 ; J t -.Uy. 1' Z - i li rsrm Labor. this was made' necessary by an acci dental inj"7 to' one of the cows. One regular breeder Is fifteen years old, hut is still vigorous and healthy, giving milk enough to make It profitable to retain her in the herd. Experts In the Department of Agriculture state that they have never seen a thriftier, better kept lot ot cows. Balanced rations are fed to them every day in the year, con- The Department of Agriculture Pub lishes Over Four Bookleta for Every Day n the Year. One ot the biggest editorial offices in the Government and probably la the country Is la the Department of Agriculture where the Division ot Publications edits, revises, and In some cases returns to the authors for rewriting an average of four bul letins or books for every day in the year. During the last fiscal year 1, 463 new publications passed through the editor's hands, nearly 400 of these, however, being issued by . the Weather Bureau, which is under the Department of Agriculture. The to tal number .of copies ot the remain ing 1,000 odd publications printed dur ing the year was- 12,000,475. Many of these are generously illustrated, and beside the great number of orig inal photographs used, the artists of the Department make something over 1,000 drawings a year for illustrating. The head of this Division, or the "Editor" of the Department as he is known, is Mr. George William Hill, an old-time editor of an agricultural paper, but he has held his present position for many administrations. -'. "There have been very many rad ical changes," Bald Mr. Hill, "la the publications of the Department with in the last ten years.- At one-time, the Agricultural Reports and"other pamphlets and bulletins issued were more or less technical, having the rep utation generally throughout the coun try, of being written in about as dry and uninteresting a manner as pos sible. The present Secretary has con tinually impressed upon his Chiefs of Divisions the desirability of short, crisp articles and bulletins, especially la the annual Tear Books, written ta a practical and simple style, with the result that the Publications of the Department have come into very gen eral favor with the farmers and are eagerly sought after, which is evi dent by the enormous number of re- auests for them.' The Farmers Bulletins, descriptive of all aorta of farm work, stock-raising, trait-growing; etc, and ot which nearly 250 have been published., are by aOr odds the most popular of the Departments of Publications.'.- They are brief, written in simple style and discuss subjects near to the heart of the agriculturist Many of them have been condensed and rewritten from the longer and more technical bulle tins, setting forth the results of ex haustive experiments. 'More than 6,- work of the Department, 1 cannot believe that the farmers ot the coun try as a whole appreciate what a splendid mine of agricultural Infor mation exists in these farm bulletins, which they can have for the asking JOSEPH A. ARNOLD, . v Editor, Department of Agriculture, They cover every practical ' subject and would make an sxceedlngly val uable farm library. Bound together they would form several : large vol umes prepared by the --best agricul tural experts In the country and the result of the widest and most exten sive scientific farm experiments ever made." ... ' . KIXG AlFOXSO'S SHOPPING. " ' ' - a.-iiaB. i j l .swam. in. ... . .'-rgaanoaa slating of some succulent material- silage in winter, and rye, timothy and,! 000,000 copies ot these popular bulla- ciover, corn or peas ana oats in sum mer. A second portion is made tip of dry hay or fodder, which gives some consistency to we manure. The third portion consists of meal products, of which three kinds are used bran, oil- meal and gluten. , Many dairymen would pe surprised to learn that every cow on this farm has four ounces of salt dally, mixed with her fodder, fin table aalt being Invariably used ana evenly divided among the three feeds. There are round silos on the farm, each ten feet In diameter and thirty four feet high. These altogether hold about 1P0 tons of silage and this quan tity of corn silage is produced on four acres, planted on June 22nd. Keren men. three teams and a traction en gine to run tha cutter are employed In filling tte silos. The proprietor of this farm has not adopted" any systematic rotation of crops, as every foot of land receives an abundance of manure every year or two. There is but little trace of weeds and those that do grow are not of the undesirable kind. Intelligent methods of cultivation enabled the owner last year not only to produce all the rough age required for thirty head of stock but to have left nearly 4,000 pounds of hay,, which was sold. Handling the Manure. The remarkable yields on this farm are due entirely to the intelligent use of stable manure. Most farmers waste more than half of the value of the manure produced on their farms. On this model farm every particle of the plant food la utilized. The method of handling manure in this case can be used only on farms on which stock is kept in stalls and Is therefore not ap plicable to all styles of stock-farming. Behind each row of cows is a gutter, eighteen inches wide and seven inches deep. These gutters hava no outlets. They are thoroughly eleaned dally (the whole barn is disinfected twice a week by a free use of creollne, and the Interior ia frequently white washed). When cleaned, the gutters are sprinkled with ashes or dry dirt to absorb what moisture may be pres ent During the day a quantity of absorbent consiBttns; of .'eaf mold, rot ten sod, etc., is placed in them. Te manure is lifted from the gutters Into a cart backed up to the door aad Is then taken directly off to tha Colds and spread over them. In summer it is spplied to the land from which t e soiling crops are removed; ia w' r it is spread on the rye and grass t i No manure is used on newly sm.. i grass lands. f This is the experience of a 1 r farmer starting la with no r evi ! train'--?, b't f to wo'-k l i a v.: i Ou.vui i ; r ta 1 rn v t l r .1 from! a . . V.'xecf r- 11 I I ,' i r 1 I. ' i r i u i i I 1st Liar 1 . t f t f , i T a GEORGE WILLIAM BXLL, Oust of U Publication Dlvidon, Departmeat of Agriculture. v Una were published and distributed test year. An active factor in the enormous work of editing the Agri cultural Publications is the assistant chief ant editor of the Division, Mr. Joseph A. Arnold, whose knowledge of the practical side of Agricultural Publications is aometblng amazing. The storage and distribution of this printed matter constitutes a large and Important part of the Publication A Paris Millinery Shop Startled by Visit From tne Spanish King. An. amusimr anecdote is related in connection with King Alfonso's recent visit to Paris. In his leisure moments he was fond of taking a turn in the Rue de ,1a Paix, which is noted for its ele gant shops, and making , a lew pur chases. His majesty's appearance nat urally created a good deal of flutter especially among the demoiselles de magasin, who rushed to doors and win dows to see him go by, so when -three gentlemen stepped into a" certain estab lishment one morning and the ; most youthful of the party asked to see some hats, they were politely requested, at the most natural thing in the world, to wait a moment, as the king was in the . . ... ... . street,- ana tne gins were an waicning for him. The knowing smiles which thereupon pervaded the features of the little party had the cttect oi promptly putting the quick-witted shop girls on the scent After announcing the great news excitedly to the proprietor of the establishment they clustered in a ring round King Alfonso and his compan ions. ' ... This was a thousand times better than a peep into the street and then, what an honor) Only to think of the Spanish ' sovereign walking in such simple fas'iion into their shop. And what followed delighted them even more.. The mistress of the place had advanced, and, ourtesymg low, had ut tered one of those pretty compliments which ' our French, friends have so glibly at th tip of their tongues, when his majesty smilingly replied: "I wish to see some hats.. I want three one for my mother, in rather a quiet style; one for my sister, and one for my aunt, and please put them all up together in the same box." . The masterpieces of the shop -were presented and inspected. The selection of the three . hats took some time, as the young king is not ac customed to that sort of work, and in his dilemma he exclaimed : Well. I was never so puzzled -in my. lifer finally the choice was made, ana with the request that the hats should be sent at once to the hotel, King Alfonso took his departure, leaving the mistress of the establishment and her young women charmed with their experience. A NOS-PATENTABIB UEDICISE. Universally Used by the Medical Pre- - . fcssion , :. -: what Is the most important remedy known to the medical profession T A guessing contest might-be established upon this question which would doubt less bring to the fore a great variety ef remedies, yet as stated by a very successful practitioner, there is -one edicine given to patients which phy sicians find more important than any other. Strange to say, this is the quite universal ana ineffective "Dread pin,-' which, after all, la not bread, but only so-called on account of its harmless nature. The bread pill is sometimes nothing more than a plain sugar pel let, at others, where a liquid prescrip tion is given, a weak solution of sugar and water, or a mixture of powdered licorice "or gentian, both harmless drugs when given in the weak propor tions prescribed by the doctor. Of course the principle use of the "bread pill" Is in the case of a pa tient who, imagining himself ' ill. calls in his family physician, and the ter of the disease or where they have not developed sufficiently for him to determine toe true nature oi tne case. In this event he does not wish to dis play his Ignorance or what In reality may be but an apparent lack of knowl edge, since at some stages it is. Im possible to accurately diagnose a case; but a frank admission ot this kind would destroy the patient's confidence in his physician. And so at this Junc ture the "bread pill" steps la, Is given to the sick person, with no apprehen slon of any harm resulting therefrom. 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New Berne Weekly Journal (New Bern, N.C.)
Standardized title groups preceding, succeeding, and alternate titles together.
Feb. 9, 1906, edition 1
8
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