Newspapers / New Berne weekly journal. / March 9, 1906, edition 1 / Page 8
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. f S V OLD WORLD Government Importations PromiM Much to Our Agriculture.. GUY ELLIOTT MITCHELL. At the recent meeting ox the National Board ot Trade In Washington the re port adopted from the committee oa agricultural statistics presents many facts of great interest to the farmers throughout the country and those de pendent upon them for their prosperity, showing the large scope of the work of the Department ot Agriculture and the enormous actual benefit which Its Investigations have been to all of our producing areas. ,- After discussing the question of the Department's methods of gathering statistical Information regarding grow. Ing crocs, the National Board of Trade recommending a modification of the present methods. Including the cutting down of the great army of farmers and others who are called upon by the De partment for reports on conditions of their crops, and the reorganization ot the Bureau ot Statistics upon a basis of fewer but more reliable reporters, carrying greater Individual responsibil ities, and also in the cutting down ot the free seed appropriations and the substitution of a practice ot distribut ing only those seeds and plants which will be a probable benefit to the various sections of the country as a nucleus about which to build up a substitution of more valuable crops than those now grown by the farmers. In response to a reouest, the committee received a statement from Secretary Wilson bear CAMEL LOADED ill -iu.l , ' f ; (I' I This Is the Clover of Egypt and is Believed to Be ot Great Value to Certain of Our Dryer Climates. - Ing upon the work of the Department In the collection und distribution of ex perimental seeds and plants which contains much of Interest The Secre tary says to the committee "I am pleased to give you a state ment showing in a general way the lm- . portance of the work of seed and plant introduction to this Department and to the agriculture of the united States. The appropriation for 1906 Is $290,000, which will btf-practically all used Is this work." ' In Touch With the Fanners. Through the medium of the distribu tion of seeds and plants, the Secretary continues, the Department workers put Into practice the discoveries which they may have made in the laboratories and in their field work. He mentions the distribution of disease resistant cotton seed to such portions of the south as are affected with the cotton wilt dis ease. The annual loss to the south from this disease will easily reach $500,000, and the Department has done much to reduce or prevent this loss at a cost ot not more than $1,000 for the seed and experimental work. The In troduction of . some of the hardy oranges developed by the workers In the Bureau of Plant Industry Is another similar illustration. By a series of cross-breeding experiments between the ordinary sweet orange and the hardy Japanese citua trifoliate, a very valu able and semi-hardy orange has been produced, which will probably grow almost as far north as Washington. It Is expected that with several more gen erations of Improvement an orange practically equal to the ordinary type of Florida or California orange will be able to withstand comparatively severe freezing weather. Through the co operation of the Laboratory of Drug Plant Investigation with the Office of Seed and Plant Introduction and Dis tribution, we are endeavoring to In troduce into the United States the cul ture of a number of different drug plants the annual Importation of which at the present time runs into millions of dollars In value. It Is this prin ciple of co-operation which renders the work of particular value to the Depart ment Itself and of course enables the Department to do better work for the country at large. Creat Value from Smau expenditures "In regard to the value of this work to the United States, in my opinion," the Secretary says, "there can be no doubt that the distribution of seeds from the time the work wss first be bura, Introduced in the early sixties at ance In the development of our agricul ture. The rather hasty survey of the old 'records that the time at our dis posal has permitted, shows that the De partment has been heiprui in the in troduction of many of the crops that are at present considered the most val uablein the United States. Among these may be mentioned the Fulti and other varieties of wheat; Chinese sor gum, Introduced in the early sixties at a cost of about $2,000 and now worth easily many millions of dollars an nually to the country; Kaffir corn, the Introduction of which cost the Depart ment not more than $5,000, of which the annual value st present is estimat ed to be about $20,000,000; macaroni wheat on which, during the past three years, we Imve expanded about $10,000, and wM' h has enabled the farmers of the aril w"-t to stow crops worth f -1 0 to $7,000,000 on lands con' 1 not prow the or . f t wls'-ot: Japanese 7 "i 1 m If "ti a Iar factor la 1 t:w 'i of V'e rice 1 1- ' 1 t 1 i h en.:l ixMfti,;,-m8 a. 1 to t: 'a Las iacrear-i PLANTS. from 210.396 acres In 1898, to a total or io,700 acres la 1904, raising the value of the land from between $1.00 and $1.60 per acre to from $35.00 to $50.00 per acre, and the output has been increased from 179,919,293 pounds ot rougn rice in 1898 to 869,436,800 pounds In 1904. In the matter of fruits. It will bo remembered that the Department Introduced the Bahla orange, known as the Washington navel orange, which nas Become the standard orange throughout California. More recently, the Department has expended In the neighborhood of ten thousand dollars In the Introduction of the date p-'m into Arizona and California and al though sufficient time has not. yet elapsed to enable na to state positively what the outcome will be, there ap pears no reason to doubt that an en tirely new Industry will be built up In these sections as a result of the ef forts of the Department The present value of date Importations Is, roughly speaking, half a million dollars. This consists largely of the cheaper grades of dates, the finer varieties from the Sahara seldom coming to this country except In very small quantities. These can undoubtedly be grown in our south west : v American Sugar Beet Seed "The Introduction of the sugar beet, while not due primarily to the efforts of the Department has unquestion ably been greatly assisted by the dls- WITH BERSEEM. tributlon of seed by the Department and the establishment of the sugar beet seed Industry, In the United States, wnlcn, irom the present indications, will be a question of only a few years. will have been due directly to the work or the Department Seeing the Im portance of developing our own sugar beet and seed industry, plans were formulated three years ago to encour age the growing of this seed. The amount expended on this work, up to late, including salaries and the an nual cost of American grown seed for distribution, will not exceed $15,000, while the value of the sugar beet seed used In the United States Is at least half a million dollars annually, be sides the much greater value to the sugar beet raisers of having seed adapted to American conditions. A conservative calculation shows that the value to American sugar beet growers of using higher grade seed than Is usually sent here by German seedsmen will easily aggregate $1,000,000 an nually. , Our work along this line has progressed so far that we shall dls- :1P , . .V . ARIZONA PROPAGATINO DATE GARDENS. Orown Tram Suckers Introduced by the Department of Agriculture. YOUNG SAHARA DATE TREES. ' Being Prepared lor Shipment to the United States, tribute during this year 15.000 pounds of American sugar beet seed and the growers will probably produce In the neighborhood of 300,000 pounds next year, all of which has been contracted for at the present time." -" Most of the Money Wasted. Although the amount of money which the Secretary may use, out of the an nual appropriation for the distribution of seeds, for the discovery, collection and distribution of new seeds and pianta Is quite limited, and but s pit tance of the amount authorized by Oust" tor ti fllrtributlon of eotn rn etllf""t, red?:. a, fweto and other . a and flower ga&Is, Ce Depart L. ..A nevertheless Is doing some ra markable work In searching, through Its special agricultural explorers, the countries of the old world where ag riculture has been carried on for cen turies and tens of centuries and where Its history of crops fades away Into dim tradition, and from these coun tries some of the most useful and at tractive plants have been Introduced. which promise great things for Amer ican agriculture. It Is a question among far-sighted plant breeders and JAPANESE BAMBOO TREE The Bamboo Is the Staple Wood ol Japan and Its Uses Spell Legion. growers whether this part of the work of the Department of Agriculture does not bold out the greatest possibility to the future of America of any branch of the government Every now and then a new plant or new variety Is discover ed and Introduced which may revo lutionize that particular branch of crop production. The macaroni wheat which the Secretary mentions is a fair example. Extensive trials of this wheat have been made throughout the middle belt of the United States, lust west of the producing area for ordinary wheat, and it Is believed that a vast section of possibly a million square miles heretofore thought unfit for any agriculture, -is capable of producing this new .grain at the rate of from 15 to 20 bushels per acre. With such a startling showing as this due entirely to the experimental work of the De partment who shall say when the food producing limit of the world may be reached? , Bringing Asia to Our Doors. For every section oi the vastly di versified soil and climate ot the United States, says Secretary Wilson, there is a corresponding spot in some portion of the old world where agriculture has been successfully prosecuted for cen turies. What We need is full and com plete Information regarding the old world agriculture and the Intelligent application ot that knowledge to our own country. It would be possible to extend his letter almost indefinitely, the Secretary continues, were we to go Into the var ious agricultural possibilities which are now being worked up by the Office of Seed and Plant Introduction and Dis tribution. We are now at work upon the introduction of the Japanese mat ting rush into the United States. There are Imported annually into the United States something like live million dol lars worth of matting. The owners of a newly Invented loom guarantee that the value of the annual consumption of raw material to supply their fac tories will not be less than $2,000,000. we are working to establish the cul ture of this matting rush In the aban doned rice fields of the Carolines and the work has already progressed far enough to justify a reasonable assur ance of success. We are also working to Introduce a disease resistant strain of Bermuda or Easter Illy and with fair prospects ofsuccess... We are encour- nging the growing of Holland bulbs In the Puget Sound region and believe It will be only a question of time when this industry will be established. The introduction of the mango Into Florida; the introduction of new persimmons and other Chinese and Japanese fruits which are now being secured by our explorer in . northern China, and the fntrodnotfon of hardier or more pro lific strains of alfalfa all promise In the ap?re?ate many millions of dollars of Increase In the value of plant prod ucts. Touchlrtjf on the question of the an nual Con:' aIonal spd distribution. Secretary vi:son says that while there Is miuiuUc . i .s Lcadt attached to 1 1 if.' A H J l 3 ! V j fcn -m nisi iiaissssiTWsaa. urn mmmmm I t,' 15 the distribution of vegetable seed each year the real value to the country ot such distribution cannot be compared with that of even one good Introduction like macaroni wheat Japanese rice, an improved variety of cotton or various outer articles which might be men tioned. WHT FBNCB WIRE RUSTS. Department of Agriculture says , rarmers Use Cheap Material. A bulletin setting forth the results of an investigation made by the Depart ment of Agriculture Into the corrosion of iron and steel wire fencing was -sued recently to the farmers of the country. Many complaints have been made to the department in the las. year regarding the present quality of iron an steel wire used i 'enclng, and to improve the conditions, wit th. hope f determining some remed for the corrosion, Secretary Wilson order ed a thorough investigation, an : th 7 perts ame to the conclusion that th chief trouble is that the average arm e ' Insists on using the cheapest rlr for fencing, and the cheap wire natural ly corrodes. The department claims that some manufacturers hold that it it were pos sible to make a better graae ot wire at even a slightly higher price. It would be useless to put it on the market as the American farmer would not buy It because he desires cheapness above other consideration. -, The result of preliminary experi ments made by the Agricultural De partment pointed to the manganese In the wire as undoubtedly being he chief cause of the corrosion, and It Is stated that the more manganese there is pres ent In fence wire the quicker it will rust or deteriorate. ' To show the possible causes for the MITSUMATA RAIN COAT. Woven From a Japanese Plant Which the De V Partment is Introducing in the South. corrosion and that manganese is at the bottom of all the trouble, the depart ment quotes a number of steel, iron and metalurgical authorities on the subject SOUTHERN FARMS. Rapid Increase in Values Makes the , whole South Prosperous. Jia&alactvon' Record. ' While It Is true that the Industrial development of the South Is going for ward with amazing rapidity, it is never theless true that by virtue of the ex tent of the agricultural interests la the South, agriculture Is yet the foun dation of the business of that section A change from poverty to nrosDencv of the farmer, and a change from land without selling value to land in de mand at an advance of 50 to 160 per cent over the nominal price of one or two years ago, is the most far reaching development In Southern advancement of the last quarter of a century. it is iar-reaching in many ways. It means that within the last year or two Southern farm properties have increas ed not less than $1,000,000,000 In value, probably at least $1,500,000,000. But more than that it means that under this Improved financial condition the Southern farmer has gained new cour age, new backbone; that he has learned how to market his cotton crop; that he has fought to a finish the great battle as to whether the producer or the spec ulator is to control the price of his staple. Having won this fight the en tire handling of cotton from the field to the factory, whether the factory be In this country or in Europe, has en tered upon an entirely new stage In its history. It also means that land wi. be more thoroughly cultivated, for the successful man. whether he be a farmer, a merchant or a manufacturer, is always better able to work to awl advantage than the one who Is fighting a losing battle. ( More and more the dlverelflatlon of agriculture has gone on and more and more have fmlt growlne and truck raising, "hog and hominy," with the meathouse at home rather than In the West, been developed throughout the south. . " Btiefo Irofg Ertrywhete. 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March 9, 1906, edition 1
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