Psge Fonr
THE TAS E2EL
TUESDAY, AUGUST 21, 1945
UNC IN GOOD
(Continued from first page)
Germany, and every wounded G.I.,
who was stationed in the European
Theater of Operations, has been re
turned to the United States, or is now
on the high seas headed home.
Short-Snorter
Rep. Durham's short-snorter, which
carries the autographs of such fam
ous persons as Dwight D. Eisenhower,
General Marshall, Ernest Hemingway,
Joe E. Brown, and Marlene Dietrich,
is one of his proud possessions which
recently returned with him from a
. 22,000 mile trip through most of Eu
rope Germany, France, Holland, Bel
gium, Denmark, and England. Mr.
Durham gave such an illuminating
sccount pf his extended journey in' a
recent interview, that this reporter
would like to recount some of the high
spots.
"Democracy is at the cross-roads,"
Durham said. "Unless the Americans
take ups the opportunity of demon
strating democracy by giving food and
coal to the European people to keep
them from starvation and freezing this
winter, World War III may be just a
niajter of years. If only the rationing
of bread in Europe were ended (and
this could be done if the United States
would ship flour to Europe), the mor
ale of the war-devastated people would
be helped tremendously, as was well
demonstrated by the lifting of gas ra
tioning in this country a few days ago.
"It may be a surprise to many
Americans to learn that Germany has
an enormous wheat crop this year (it
was planted by war prisoners), but
now that wheat is of no use, if it can
not be processed, and only three flour
mills are still intact in the entire
American occupation zone in Ger
many. . Germany almost won World
War I, she came nearer to winning
World War II. Shall we let hate, cre
ated from starvation, breed another
war, which Germany might win?"
, Nazis Pay
But keeping Germans from starva
tion does not mean that the U. S.
should be soft with them. On the con
trary, Mr. Durham thinks that the
Germans should be made to pay in full
for the destruction which they have
brought to the world. Right now,
Germans are being made to work in
cleaning up their cities, fixing up ev
erything still serviceable, mining coal
(what there is of it left) , planting
crops, and clearing away mines which
they laid along the beaches by the
thousands. However, this sort of pun
ishment does not breed as they are
helping themselves and, as Mr. Dur
CPU
OUTLINE
i
PRESS
(Continued from first page)
has also conferred with Arthur Gold
burg a-former CPU member who
graduated in February, and who is
now working as a research economist
with a large labor union.
JOBS
(Continued from first page)
and federal employment bureaus in
aiding the applicant for a job, while
Dean Carroll discussed the human ele
ment such as the relationship between
employer and employee. Miss Cook
described the work desired by girls
now graduating from college, as well
as prospects for the ex-service girl.
The panel was the feature of the
final session of the Institute which
was sponsored by the State Federation
with the cooperation of the Upiversity
Extension Division.
Presidents of various clubs through-
cut the State held a business meeting
at which plans were made to aid the
State Symphony Fundcampaign now
under way in North Carolina and to
establish a summer camp somewhere
in the State for working girls.
ter the last war, but sold for hard cash
, ., , , , . , ' , I tc people such as the French, who des-
ham said, the hate which has engulfed ; ""A"C ' .
- i - -c j... I perately need them.. Likewise, if all
whom they did not like. This evil will
be difficult to erase.
Mr, Durham, during his stay in Eu
rope, found that the American soldiers
always got along well with the Rus
sions, and he sees no reason why diplo
mats of the two countries won't be
able to get along just as well. It is his
belief that if the Four Powers, the
United States, Russia, Britain, and
France, can not get along together and
make the Four Power occupation of
Berlin work, all will be in vain, and
Dumbarton Oaks and San Francisco
will have accomplished nothing,
f Great Job
One of the greatest jobs done during
World War' II was that of General
John E. Lee, head of Supply for the
E.T.O. Not only did he get the goods
to the army during the war, but he
has completely salvaged every usable
American article left in Europe. Mr.
Durham traveled over 2.000 miles
throughout Germany, France and Bel
gium, yet he said that he could count
on his fingers the number of articles
worth saving that had been overlooked
or left behind. As chairman of the
committee for regulating war surplus
property, Rep. Durham believes that.
whatever materials that we Americans
do not need, should be sold in Europe,
not on credit, as was foolishly done af
the whole of Europe since Frederick
the Great must be exterminated at all
costs, or in a short while peace will
be but a hopeful dream.
The countryside of Germany today
is as beautiful as it ever was, but the
cities lie in ruins, and ancient cathe
drals, such as were in Cologne, though
still standing, are riddled and devoid
of their past splendor. A major prob
lem confronting the American is the
releasing of captured Germans as the
ones who lived in cities no longer have
homes, as they were almost all de
stroyed. But this price in suffering
the Germans will have to pay.
Allied diplomacy is ging to find a
hard test in keeping the Germans an
agricultural people. As an example
of German ingenuity and industrial
cleverness one might sight the under
ground V-2 (rocket bomb) plant. Be
neath 700 feet of almost solid rock,
impregnable from the air, the Ger
mans built a V-2 plant, which could
make the Ford Rouge plant green with
envy. The plant, still in 'perfect con
dition, was visited by Mr. Durham be
fore it was put under Russian juris
diction. The plant's machinery and design
were ultra-modernistic, and such con
veniences as air conditioning added to
its efficiency. Thus it is that the Al
lies must take, care against Germany
rearming behind our backs, while we
believe that they are contenting them
selves with tilling the soil.
' Treatment of Prisoners
The treatment of American prison
ers of war . by the Germans was in
excusably terrible in many cases, but,
on the whole, our soldiers fared better
than any of the other captives. The
G.I.'s suffered more from being forced
to march too much (to keep away from
the advancing Americans and Rus
sians) and from a lack of food, which,
in the last four or five months before
the surrender, when all German com
munication facilities were knocked
out by American bombers, took a
heavy toll of 'our men. The Red Cross
packages, which the Germans some
times delivered to our soldiers, were
the only thing that saved many Ameri
can lives. However, German treat
ment of our soldiers was good in com
parison to the horrible torture inflict
ed upon Jews, Russians, and political
prisoners. Mr. Durham stated that
the crematories were built two years
before the war started, a fact which
substantiates the theory that the per
mans hadHhe full intent of extermin
ating all of the people in the world
perately
of the material was returned to the
U. S., it would create even more un
employment than now exists.
While Rep. Durham was in Europe,
he stayed at several famous places,
one of which was Goering's hotel, situ
ated only a mile from Hitler's fabulous
mountain retreat, Berchtesgaden. Hit
ler's and Goering's homes were mas
terpieces of architecture, Durham
stated, being built to withstand ter
rific bombings. In Goering's house
was found almost all of the art treas
ures of Europe, and an unbelievable
loot of gold and silver taken from the
wealthy Europeans conquered by the
Germans. Durham , also ate dinner at
Hotel Osterreichisher Hof. in Salz
burg, Austria, where champagne and
whinned cream were specialties on
the menu.
Bv special from General Eisen-
f JT
hower, Rep. Durham returned on a
hospital ship. The ship, the Acadio,
was under the command of Colonel
C. W. Salley, who was a student at
he University here, and whose bro
ther, also a former Carolina student,
was. a (rnnd frien d of Durham's. The
Acadia, which has thus far transport
ed some 30,000 wounded men, evacu
ated soldiers at Salerno, Anzio, and
during the invasion of Sicily.
Mr. Durham found that the soldiers
on the Acadia, most of whom were
plaster-cast patients, were well taken
care of, and well fed oh fresh milk,
vegetables and eggs, treats which some
of the soldiers had not had in several
years.
Having seen and lived with the
American Army from the Amazon and
Panama to Germany, Mr. Durham be
lieves that the American Army is the
greatest that the world has ever seen.
American soldiers are better engineers,
better bombardiers, better fliers, bet
ter infantrymen bettery everything
than any in the world. As an ex
ample of our bombing accuracy, Mr.
Durham stated that German factories
would be blasted to bits, while prison
camps, with American soldiers in them,'
were never touched, even though they
would be situated within a few yards
of the factories.
The greatest lesson that we have
learned from this war,t Rep. Durham
said, is the value of allies. We have
found that some people wish to fight
to conquer, but most people wish to
fight only for freedom. We Americans
must accept our full responsibility in
seeing that peace endures, and along
with our allies, we can make war only
a horrid memory of the past.
(Continued from page two)
tenets are these: a) God is of one
nature and three persons, Father,
Son and Holy Spirit; b) Christ is
the second person of the trinity,
God and man, the Redeemer of the
human race through His self-immolation
on the cross; c) Mary is
the virgin-mother of Christ; d)
Christ established one, holy, uni
versal. Church; e) the communion
of saints is an important Teality;
f ) sins can be truly removed from
the soul; g) the human body will
be reunited to the soul at some fu
ture time.
It must be noted that Christ had
gone to heaven and the Church was
already a going- concern when
these doctrines were put into these
words. It was an elementary work- j
ing formula, a sort of easily memor
ized1 guide for the early Christians.
Hence it did not contain all that the
Apostles taught.
Secondly, it must be noted that
the early Christians wanted to
propagandize tne new unurch as
quickly as possible. So some of
them wrote up a description of
Christ's life and doctrine, and some
wrote further descriptions of their
own activities and teachings. But,
as St. John said, there were many
things they left unwritten. Hence,
the New Testament did not contain
all that the Apostles taught.
Regardless of how little or how
much was written down in the
Scriptures the Church continued to
teach, explain and protect the whole
doctrine of Christ. As time went
by Christian doctrine was clarified
and heresies condemned by the liv
ing voice of Christ's authentic
teachers, guided by the Holy, Spirit.
In this way the "other doctrines,"
the : "non-scriptural" truths were
preserved to the present day.
2. CODE. The Catholic jcode of
moral conduct is a strong, unchang
ing ethical system comprising the
Ten Commandments revealed by
God and the precepts enjoined by
the Church. Like the Catholic creed,
the Catholic code is based on the
fact that truth is eternal, one, uni
versal and unalterable. - -
A , moral code cannot contain con
tradictory statements. There is no
middle ground between true and
false. If euthanasia and abortion
were murder in Christ's time, they
are murder -now. If artificial birth
prevention was a perversion then,
it is a perversion now. If divorce
and re-marriage constituted adult
ery then they constitute adultery
now. A lie is always a lie, and noth
ing can justify it.
These' Ten Commandments and
these precepts are the laws meant
for the, ethical guidance of human
beings. Christ's word and example,
together with His authority, were
given by Him to His Church to be
perpetuated to the end of time.
Hence the Church is speaking with
His divine voice when it tells its
members specifically HOW to fulfill
the commandments, what is right
and what is wrong, what should be
done and what should be avoided.
From this stem the definite obli
gations of the precepts placed upon
every Catholic by the Church. It is
no mere arbitrary human authority
which tells Catholics to attend Mass
on Sundays, to abstain from meat
on Fridays, to receive the sacra
ments of penance and the Euchar
ist at least once a year; and so
forth. All of these specific duties
are ah expression of the spiritual
power granted by Christ to His
Church.
3. CULT. The Catholic system
of worship may be called the objec
tive supernatural "mechanism" by
means of which a man may live
properly and gain salvation. It em
braces both private and corporate
worship, .prayer and the sacra
ments, by which the supernatural
life of grace is obtained and main
tained in the human soul.
This supernatural life is also
called the "state of grace," a con
dition which the soul achieves
through the sacrament of baptism.
It is lost to the soul only through
serious sin and is regained by con
trition and the sacrament of pen
ance. Grace is increased and the
supernatural life enriched by prayer
(Continued from first page)
ister of the Baptist church. In those
days Baptist ministers generally
moved often, and the Reverend John
Couch was no exception.
He went from one congregation to
another in Kentucky, West Virginia,
and Virginia, not staying very long
anywhere until in 1917 he decided
to retire, move back to his home state
of North Carolina, and farm the old
family place between Chapel Hill and
Durham. Two of his sons agreed to
help with the work.
It was then that young Bill Couch
learned how hard it is to make a liv
ing on the land. They managed to
raise some unusually. good crops, but
the better crops were and the more
time and money they put in farming,
the more they lost.
Worked Through College
After a year young Couch quit
farming, and the Southern Power
Company had a new employee who
worked hard and saved his money and
then left to enter the University of
North Carolina. He had to pay his
own way at the University, m a
small college town which had little
need for part-time workers.
So he did the things students gen
erally do: he typed term papers and
theses for other students; he worked
in the Library chasing books, shelv
ing books, handing out books over
the delivery desk; and when he was
especially hard up, he worked in the
dining hall.
Kven wnen he didn't nave any
money and it looked as if be'd have
to drop out, he managed to keep
going. He went to a wealthy citizen
in a nearby town, asked for a loan,
and got it, with the invitation; to
come back for more if he needed it.
No wonder the Director has been able
to run The University of North Caro
lina Press on a shoestring that was
always thin and sometimes broken.
While an undergraduate, Couch be
came editor of the student literary
publication, the "Carolina Magazine."
"We had a lot of fun," he says. "We
blew off steam about everything
the Dayton trial and evolution, pro
hibition for and against, fraternities,
honorary student clubs, the strikes in
Gastonia. We debunked the courses
as described in the University cata
logue. But when- I think about it, I
guess our greatest achievement was
bringing out an. issue every month
and on time. That toofca lot of doing,
for a college magazine."
Dr. Louis- Wilson
A year before Couchi graduated he
was called into the office of Dr. Louis
R. Wilson, Librarian of the Univer
sity and Director of the Press. "I've
got to be away for a while," Dr. Wil- A MDJIQ
son said. "Doctor's orders. I want you UkJ
to take over the Press for me. I (Continued from first page)
haven't time to show you about it. for collecting all evidence which led
You'll find everything in there." to the conviction. Members of the staff
"There" was one drawer of a fil- submitted signed sales slips, signed
ing cabinet. And "everything" filled statements, menus, and witnesses to
the drawer half way all the corres- substantiate all charges,
pondence of the Press with its auth- " "
ors, all the correspondence with the staff who had an eye on the st-sell-printers,
even circulars sent to the er Iist aloud that oncejust
Press by other publishers. A year once the would Publi3h a book
after he took over, Couch became As- tellm2 PeoPIe the thin they llke and
sistant Director, and in 1932 he was wanted to read. But Mr. Couch is
made Director. During 20 years he made of sterner stuff. He believes in
and the Press have learned their to Sive PeoPle what's ood for
jobs together. them, even if they don't like it. And
He has had several attractive of- in makinS them like it-
fers to go elsewhere, but he - never Publishing in this country follows
wanted to leave until the Press was a popular trend so closely that oppos-
well established. Even he has to ad- ing views often become taboo. But for
mit that the organization which once real intellectual life this opposition
half filled the drawer of a filing cabi- must vocal. The Press, with Couch
net now seems to be a going concern. as Director, has been more than a part
Weathered Crises . of the loyal opposition but it has cer-
-If the Press at Chapel Hill has done tainly been that,
nothing else, it has shown that it is During the years when the Souths
possible to publish books in the South future was being handicapped by a
expressing unorthodox ideas on the too tender loyalty to tradition, Couch
South's sorest subjects race, reli- joined the small group of Southerners
gion, economics. This has not been who were critical of the past. But
done without a crisis now and then, when this criticism went to such ex
The first one came in 1927, when tremes as to say there was no good
the Presi published a book of folk in the past he criticized the critics,
sketches about Negroes by a white Although any biographical sketch
physician of South Carolina, with an
introduction by Paul Green. The au
thor wrote in, saying "Don't bother
to send me a copy of the introduc-
of Couch must necessarily be a history
of the Press, he has found time to do
a number of other things. He has
taken an active part in several im-
strictly professional interest. He was
a member of the Southern Policy Com
mittee. He helped to organize the
Southern Conference for Human Wel
fare, though later he had to attack this
tion. Anything Paul does will be all p0rtant organizations besides those of
right with me. So no one except
people at "the Press had seen the in
troduction.
As soon as the book was out. a
faculty member went to the Presi
dent of the University in considerable Conference and resign from it in 1940
excitement Because me uuwucutui because of its attitude toward the war.
said that "as the white man tails tne He was in whkh
Negro laus ana as tne iNegro rises Greani2ed Southeast for the Com
the white man rises." The President mittee to Defeml America by Aiding
called in the members or ine ioara tte Allies. This issue is one on which
of Governors of the Press, and it he was nevcr wming to argue on the
ooked as if the meeting might insist iother sjdc But evea wbile he wa3
on a new introduction, ant tne dook i urging the necessity of fighting Naz
was already in the hands of reviewers . , . . . f tvt
and on the way to book stores, and later hc wouW amongr trying
COUld not be recalled. ltn Vvan th. nrrtrv from Knli'pvino-
ihe jfress survived this crisis witn- nii n,c qa nn Jor,. ni,rM
and the reception of the sacra
ments, especially the Eucharist.
There are seven sacraments, all
of them adding to the supernatural
life of the souL. Confirmation
strengthens the faith of the re
cipient. Matrimony gives special
helps to lead a virtuous married
life. Ordination gies spiritual
power to administer some sacra
ments to the faithful.. Extreme Unc
tion, or . the final anointing,
strengthens the soul through the
passageway of death
The central act of Catholic wor
ship is the sacrifice of the Mass,
which is the sacramental celebra
tion of the last supper and Calvary.
The Mass is essentially an act of
group worship in which the whole
congregation participates in the
four elements of prayer: adoration,
reparation, thanksgiving and petition.
Other Catholic: devotional activi
ties are numerous and varied the
rosary, novenasy litanies, benedic
tion of the Blessed Sacrament, sta
tions of the cross, and so forth
but the ritual core of Catholicism
has always been the Mass.
The above is a brief sketch of a
talk prepared for the .Friday Sup
per Club of the Presbyterian
Church. As such it is merely a
starting point for clarification and
amplification. Since coming to
Chapel Hill I have several times
been asked by non-Catholics : "What
is the difference between your
Church and mine?" I. am sorry that
this corner of a Tar Heel page is
not large enough to answer that
question.
r
W00TTEN-M0ULT0N
PHOTOGRAPHERS
, - Serving North Carolina for 37 Years.
Studios at .
Chapel Hill New Bern Fort Bragg Camp Butner
out further trouble Whenever it was
necessary it went right on quietly
doing things that were sometimes
considered dangerous, or extreme.
And people discovered what a few had
long believed "that the South wanted
and would support informed and in
telligent discussion of its problems."
Bobs Sides
. The r'ress has publisned many
books about the Negro and many books
by Negroes. The latest of these a
symposium on "What the Negro
Wants" was written at the special re
quest of the Press so that a cross-
section of Negro leaders might have
a chance to express theiir views. Plans
were made to bring out a similar sym
posium at the same time the second
one by white leaders..
When, this volume could not be pre
pared for simultaneous release, Mr
Couch himself wrote an. introduction
for the volume by Negroes. This in
troduction pleased some readers. But
it made a lot of people very angry;
some thought it was too. conservative
and some thought it. was too liberal.
Couch didn't mind any of the' criticism.
The Press-had shown, that it would pro
pose and publish, a book by Negroes
on "What tne JNegro Wants, and yet
it had included diverse opinions on the
subject..
The desire to give opposing views
an airing is typical of Couch.. There
are some issues on which he admits no
argument, no other side of the ques
tion, nut m most discussions he is
eager to hear both sides, and if every
one else is on one side, he will oblig
ingly and skillfully argue on the
other, even though it may not be the
one he personally agrees with.
Books. They Need
Somehow ithe Chapel Hill Press has
managed to do this same sort of thing
in many of the books it publishes. A
short manuscript on agrarianism was
following detailed suggestions from
Couch expanded by the author into a
convincing volume, although Couch's
own position, in published articles and
public debate, was anti-agrarian.
The Press published studies highly
critical of labor conditions in certain
southern industries but it also pub
lished studies svmnathetic with the
problems and difficulties of the mill
owners. In the middle 1930's, when
Americans coming back from Germany
were enthusiastic about Nazism, the
Press published a book highly criti
cal of the Nazi philosophy. When ev
eryone was reading and praising 'The
Wave of the Future," the Press pub
lished a rousing reply. "The Wave of
the Past." When everyone is arguing
against, cartels, the Press publishes
a book that asks what alternatives
are possible. When a book against
extensive government planning be
comes popular, the Fress arranges to
publish "Freedom Under Planning" a
book on the r.ther aA f u
. w.v.w iuc, icatc,
Not long ago a member of Couch's
to be exterminated.
The Press has never limited itself
to regional publications, but books
; about the South bulk large on its list.
"People ought to know about the part
of the world they live in." So there
are a number of Chapel Hill books
which serve to document the history,
economics-,, and cutural aspects of the
region. There are studies of the
Seutha flora and fatmay though not
as many as Mr. Couch would like to
have. There are books om "Growing
Pastures m the Southland "Practical
Farming for the South" both of
them full of down-to-earth, advice for
the men who try to make a living
cm the land.
There's the book "These Are Our
Lives" intimate life stories of south-
era people. "There'k "Tebe" a pic
ture book for children) about Negro
boys and girls who tell like real peo
ple and not like caricatures.
There are a couple of novels.. "Why
not? If they deal with topics we're
trying to get people to read about,
why can't we publish some books that
depend on story interest instead of
cn. sharts and graphs and tables?"
There's "Culture in the South" one
of the most valuable books ever pub
lished by the Press, 'a symposium
edited by Mr. Couch and containing bis
own brilliant honest chapter on "The
Negro."
Why not leave this job to New York,
Boston and Philadelphia?" Couch has
had to answer these questions many
times in the last 20 years. His ans
wer is his credo, and he believes it
passionately. "To ask why the South
should engage in book publishing is
like asking why it should do its own
thinking and learning. Any people
that leaves the task of thinking about
its farming, manufacturing, trade anJ
commerce, health, housing, race, em
ployment, labor relations any people
that leaves its thinking about such
matters to minds elsewhere is deemed
to subservience."
Southern people have never been
great readers. Critics used to be fond
of saying
Alas for the South, her books have
grown fewer,
She never was much given to literature.
And though today books are more
plentiful than they used to be and
southern people do more reading,
there's still a long way to go. But
The University of North Carolina
Press has shown that book3 can be
published in the South, and it has
done a little" toward getting people
to buy books and read them. Which
is just another way of saying that
William Terry Couch has done this.
For 20 years he has been The Uni
versity of North Carolina Press.
Lives there a sailor so abnorma
that he can't be stirred by a lowcut
formal ? Dartmouth Log.
i
4