North Carolina Newspapers

FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 18, 1953 THE DAILY TAR HEEL PAGE TWO The Letter Writer John V. Clark, a member of the trustees' Executive Committee, has written another. letter. ' , . This one went to the members ot t!w North Carolina General Assembly -protesting the proposed inclusion .of Negroes in a three-week State College ' extension program this summer. This letter,, as have so many of Mr. Clark's similar epistles, got the large headline treat ment in yesterday's state newspapers. In case ( ui' re new around here and don't know John Clark, let us present his creden tials. ' He is a trustee from Franklinville, where he operates Randolph Mills, Inc. For many years, he has been an influential force in state politics. He likes to write letters: In The Daily Tar Heel compiled many of these let ters, most of them to newspapers and all of them preaching the same militant racist line. Here is a sample, from an unsigned, mim eographed -.circular marked "Confidential Memorandum" and titled "Trampling Sou thern Ideals Cnderlooi" sent to members of the Board of Trustees in February, 1047: Julius Rasenwald and other Jewisi Allies are cng:.g'd in a campaign to do away with all F"g.-egat;on in Southern schools, .churches, col l.gcs and hospitals and bring about amalgama t: 1 ot the white and negro races in the South. Til sir real purpose is the destruction of the Germanic races who form the basis of the South's Carolina Front A .New Look At The Hill & Its Reople 'When Do We Sail, Cap'n?' C.V'l, ion Their hirelings are scattered throughout the nation in churches, educational institutions, news distributing agencies, and all olher places wheie their poison can be advan tageously placed ... It is not possible to say how many of them have had their palms greased but don't forget that one of the 12, a so-called disciple, betrayed Christ for 30 pieces of silver. These letters have been aimed at Univers ity administration (numerous attacks on Dr. Frank Graham), University faculty (notably Dr. Guv Johnson of Sociology) and students (notrbly 19.51 student body president John Sanders). John. Clark's crowning achievement came a couple of years ago, when he wrote letters to mayors of several North Carolina com munities, checking on University students 'who askeil for elimination of segregation on' the campus. The student integration petition, signed this week by hundreds of students, probably hasn't done Trustee Clark's blood pressure any good. But he is still writing letters. And they haven't changed much. Here is an excerpt from this week's Clark epistle: Last Sunday Harold Hipp, assistant pastor of the Market " Street, Methodist Church in Greens boro, had charge of the morning service and put on quite an act. Practically everything he said, word for word, had been stated by the Ros enwald crowd before. Among other things he said that it was anarchy to oppose the Supreme Court's decision, in other words anyone in the Legislature not falling in line with old Frank furter and his gang is an anarchist . . . Enclosed with the letter was a tract head ed "Total Mongrel ization" which attacked the NAACP and the CIO and contained pic tures titled, 'interracial marriage, friend ship, entertainment, love, society and mo vie." Mr. Clark, we are happy to report, is finding less supjxn t . than ever for his fan tastic one-man crusade. The proposal to ad mit Negroes (who would live off the cam pus) to tlu; State College extension classes passed the trustees Executive Committee by a vote of 11-1, theJ i" being Mr. Clark him self. And State's Chancellor Bostian has re plied to thfs latest letter in cool and meas ured Avoids. John V. Clark will undoubtedly write more letters. He Avill undoubtedly get more headlines for his fiery anti-Negro, anti-Semitic prejudices. But all the intelligence of Iris state is arrayed against him. For John Clark represents the broadsword and magnolia mentality that began to pass in North Carolina a hundred years ago. We tell his story not as current circumstance but as curious historv. Bmlp Wax The official student publication of the Publi cations Board of the University of North Carolina, where it is published 0 - s 1 daily except Sunday, , ' - " - W Monday and examina- ? I tion ?nd vacation per- t ' ' " "4 iods and summer f!4 eimpW(ill , terms- Entred js f second class matter at I , sue thrynivrrMiy J the post office in I : Norh Carotin. - Chapel Hill, N. C, un f ; - whhr.rftt ieT the Act of March 'I in Unuory. , 5 j 1879- Subscription; t ' l rates: mailed, $4 per 1 ,j fear, $2.50 a semester; delivered, $8 a year, $3.50 a semester. Editor .? CHARLES KURALT Managing Editor FRED POWLEDGE Associate Editors LOUIS . KRAAR, ED YODER Business Manager .. TOM SHORES Sports Editor .. B ERNIE WEISS News Editor Jackie Goodman Advertising Manager Dick Sirkin Night editor for this issue Eddie Crutchfield Louis Kraar r n 1 n... I'VE HAD A new view of Chapel Hill in the last few freeks. My friend Chuch Hauser of he Chapel Hill Weekly took off a couple Aeeks ago to over the leg si ature for the vssociated Press nd I've been illing in for mm on the Weekly. Previously, Chapel Hill the town seemed to mean a row of stores to me. And this is the way most students become aware of the town. - , Since the pocketbook is a sure route to any student's attention, the fiscal rather than physical aspects of the village fill the undergraduate mind and budget. As a result, many students see the town as an incorporated conspiracy to grab their dollars. The do pay more for gasoline, flannel suits, and meals at most Chapel Hill places. But tfiey also enjoy free seconds on coffee, ice cream handouts when they buy their books in town, and an an nual senior party pitched by one restaurant. , AFTER THE first shock at paying six dollars for a shirt with stripes and a collar "like the Ivy League is wearing this year," the Carolina student sus tains each succeeding high price with a zest that dwarfs his poc ketbook. And after four years of paying through -the nose, he either grad uates a wise shopper or with bankrupt parents. Some students look beyond the row of merchants on Frank lin Street into the protoplasm of the town its people. Here one finds authors (prosperous, struggling or phony, depending on where you look), old women, South Building secretaries mar ried to grad students, grad stu dents wishing they could marry secretaries, and professors. Chapel Hill people are a charming, busy, talking bunch who enjoy conversation, each other, and life in general better than most. Their interest in each other supports two active town newspapers, a small radio sta tion, and more clubs than Sin clair Lewis could have ever dreamed up for his Babbit. STUDENTS OFTEN tell the townspeople about their pro fessors, that league of pedants and slave-drivers who from time to time drive the young people from the movie houses and beer halls to the library and books. Despite the charges of these students, there are many teachers who speak that thing called truth with a firmness and consistency that makes conservative admini istrators uneasy and students at tentive. These men bring the gusto of life into their classrooms, and their students respond by study ing. These good professors (and there are many) write books, admire instead of envying youth, and teach because they enjoy teaching and vouth. THE STUDENTS I've even started viewing them different lyare like the state, rich and poor. Most of the boys are more interested in making money, sit ting in cars with coeds, ancV learning to socialize than in thev labors of scholarship. Most of the girls are more in terested in the boys and how to socialize than in classes. In short, we're a Southern generation who never had it so good. Most students have an almost unconscious yearning for sonje thing the ythink of as "culture," but they never call it by that na me because it sounds "too' intel lectual." Somehow the speakers of truth in the classroom show them the way to tjiis thing they seem to want. Such is my new view of Chap el Hill. o A Yi dr mz&- xfvr?? $ All: A - i Confusion In Taipei The Quemoy, Wlatsu Story Joseph Alsop TAIPEI, Formosa. The con troversy now raging in Washing ton about the real status of Que moy and the Matsu Islands is easily understandable. The confusion grows directly from the curious, tortuous and even somewhat shabby dealings of the American government with the Chinese Nationalist govern ment on this vital issue. The real history of those dealings '('whiich leaves the true status of Quemoy and the Matsu as dubious as ever) can be sum marized as follows on high and undoubted authority. Originally, as the whole world knows, President Eisenhower's policy, adopted against the rec ommendation of three of the four Joint Chiefs of Staff, was to defend none of the offshore islands that constitute the For mosa approaches. This decision was taken last September, at the famous Security Council meeting in Denver, after the ' first major Communist shelling of Quemoy had brought the prob lem of the offshore islands to the forefront. CHANGED DECISION How or why this original de cision was changed in January is not known here. It is suspected, however, that the lever of change was a growing conviction that the Chinese Communists serious ly intended to attack the Pesca dores and Formosa proper, which in turn made the defense of the more advanced positions seem more logical and important. At . any rate the original decision was changed, and the new pol icy was adopted of abandoning the Taehen Islands but assisting, if need be, in the defense of Quemoy and the Matsus. This led directly to the Presi dent's request to Congress to pass the so-called Formosa res olution, and to the key scene in the discussions of the problem of the - offshore islands between the Chinese and American gov ernments. This key scene was a meeting between Chinese For eign Minister , George Yeh and Secretary of State John Foster Dulles while the Formosa res olution was pending and shortly before Secretary Dulles' depar ture for his Caribbean holiday. At this meeting, Secretary Dul les informed Foreign Minister Yeh, without qualification or equivocation, that Presjent Ei senhower would issue a state ment in effect guaranteeing Quemoy and tha Matsu as soon as the Formosa resolution had passed the Congress. The state ment, Secretary Dulles asserted, would specify Quemoy. and the Matsus as being "related areas" essential to the defense of For mosa. It would thus put ,the Chinese Communists squarely on notice that an attack on these islands would bring the United States into the fighting. There was no possibility of misunderstanding about this promise made by Secretary Dul les to Foreign Minister Yeh. Of ficial Stale Department minutes were taken of the meeting be tween the two men, and a copy of these minutes was given to Foreign Minister Yeh. The min- Well-Let s See You Sell The Th ing A Car The Daily lowan There's a new word on the A merican scene which is supposed to send shivers down the spine of the working man and fill the industrialist -with happy antici pation. The word is "automaton." Every reader of the comicv strips is familiar with automaton. The crazy inventor pushes a but ton that rings a bell that releases a lever that starts a wheel that strikes a. match that lights a fire that wakes up his tardy assistant. Automaton is control of flow in the manufacturing process. Only this automaton is not fantasy. Automatic production has invaded the automobile, pe troleum, chemical, television and railroad industries. It has moved into offices, too. Basically, an automated factory is one in which the machinery is controlled by machines instead of men. The results are amazing. An automatic machine control led by another machine makes engine blocks in 15 minutes. It takes Ford workers nine hours to complete the same operation. An electronic brain installed by the Metropolitan Life Insur ance Company does what 135 op erators using 100 punch-card machines perform. To the manufacturer and busi nessman, these feats mean lower labor costs and less workers. To the laborer, automaton means possible displacement, temporary loss of wages and in terrupted purchasing power. When these occur, the ripple of the worker's loss spreads through out the economy. An exchange of wit between CIO president Walter Reuther - and the manager of the automat ed Ford plant at Cleveland sums up the problem. The manager is said to have remarked as he pointed out a new machine, "I'd like to,see you collect dues tfrom that." To which Reuther replied, "I'd like to see you sell it a Ford." utes clearly recorded that Secre tary Dulles said the President would issue a statement effec tively guaranteeing Quemoy and the Matsus in the manner des cribed above. CHEERFUL STATEMENT On the basis of this apparent ly solid commitment, General lissimo Chiang Kai-shek then a greed to the evacuation of the Tachen Islands, as Secretary Dulles had requested. The plan here was to coordinate the Gen erallisimo's order for evacuation of the Tachens with President Eisenhower's expected statement on Quemoy and the Matsus. As late as a week ago Friday, U. S. Ambassador Carl Rankin had no idea that Secretary Dulles' pro mise to Foreign Minister Yeh was about to be broken. He even held a press conference cheer fully stating that Quemoy and the Matsus were now covered by an American guarantee. At this very late date, how ever, Assistant Secretary of State Walter Robertson inform ed Foreign Minister Yeh, one assumes with some embarrass ment, that there had been a lit tle misunderstanding between the State Department and the White House. The President was not prepared to keep the pro mise that his Secretary of State had made. Foreign Minister Yeh produc ed the minutes of his meeting with Secretary Dulles. Assistant Secretary Robertson showed the minutes at the White House. But all to no avail. Apparently the President had hedged his position, in order to undercut the Senate oppition to the Formosa resolution, in a way that made it impossible for him said he would do. to do what Secretary Dulles had On receiving this news, Gen eralissimo Chiang Kai-shek re fused to keep his part of the bargain either, with the result the world knows the long de lay in the Tachen evacuation. These days of delay were oc cupied by the Chinese in press ing the President to keep the Dulles' promise, and by the Am ericans, in fending off the Chi nese with one hand and pressing them to evacuate the Tachens with the other. This curious impasse ended, partly because Chiang Kai-shek had no easy alternative except to bow to the will of the Am erican government, and partly because President Eisenhower finally consented to toss Presi dent Chiang a diplomatic bis cuit. This took the form of a communication relayed by Am bassador Raskin, assuring the Chinese President that the Am erican President was still un dyingly determined to defend Formosa and all related areas "he deems necessary" for the defense of Formosa, J'including Quemoy and the Matsu Islands." YOU Said It: 'Expose The Radicalism7 Editor; . My congratulations to The Dai ly Tar Heel for printing quota tions from a political discussion made at this week's SP meeting. Extremely blunt political speeches have been made before but they were toned down or not printed by The Daily Tar Heel. Conse quently the radicalism in stu dent politics has not been exposed to public opinion. Opposition is a necessity in student politics. It keeps those factions in power "on the ball." But when phrases such as "a bunch of blabbermouths" and exagerations such as "the SP has completely failed" are used, the criticism no longer remains con structive. It needlessly embar rasses student government and party officials. It discourages potential leaders from taking responsible positions because of the embarrassment such extremely bitter attacks may cause them. I hope in the future such spee ches will be looked upon wub disfavor by party members. Njmi Withheld By Request Thanks To Coeds Editor: On behalf of the Independent Women's Council and Panhellenic Council, we would like to thank all the residents of the women's dormitories and sororities for making the Glade Valley Clothing Drive such a tremendous suc cess. Your response to the drive was most gratifying and we are cer tain that the contributions will be most welcome. Thank you a gain for your cooperation. Marilyn Zager Independent Women's Council, Joan Leonard Panhellenic Council Silent Generation? Editor: Your editorial, "Inconspicuous ly and Noiselessly" was adittle ex aggerated (though it may have really happened) but it certainly struck at an important attitude on the Carolina campus at the present time. I believe ths professor you wrote about was speaking the truth when he said students to day are afraid to talk on contro versial subjects. The very word "controversial" is something Carolina students and students at other colleges and universities seem to be shying away from. There has never been any thing wrong with controversy. What is a school for, if not for the disagreement that can lead to truth? But try telling that to a student here and now. He will tell you, "I'm afraid I might not get a job if I express my opinion on this," or "What's the use talk ing about things like that? I can't change it." Students do not seem to un derstand that the French Revolu tion was accomplished by stu dents and many great things be fore and since have been done by students. They are the most important force in society if they, will recognize their power for good. Time magazine has called us "The Silent Generation" and while I disagreed with their ar ticle (which appeared two or three years ago) I am beginning to agree that we are a silent gen eration. And that is an insult, in case any of you readers do not recognize it. Why? Because nothing good was ever accomplished without men speaking up and expressing their opinions. It is encouraging to see stu dents signing these segregation and anti-segregation petitions. They have created a good deal of interest, surprising to me. Maybe if The Daily Tar Heel keeps harping on this subject and a few more controversies arise, students will decide to let them selves be heard at last. R. Ferguson India's Role In A Divided World Prof. S. N. Roy t.hp Devarl merit ) (FTOT. " "'"-"' a ,y, fallou-ina Statistics jacuuy, unv.u, -: ' , sveech at the "Indian Evening tast Monday. celebrated by the Chapel Hill Indian comrwn- ity. Editor.) -It is a great pleasure to associate myself with the welcome to you all by Mr. Gnanadesikan on behalf of the Indian community at Chapel mil. India attained her independence on August l., 1947 when she became a dominion of the British Commonwealth of nations. A little under three years later, on January 26, 1950 India became a Republic, sill remaining associated with the Bri tish Commonwealth under some kind of constitu tional arrangement which at that time was without a precedent. Within India the two occasions are celebrated on these two dates, and Indians living abroad try to celebrate the two occasions on the nearest con venient dates by ai ranging a get-together with their host nations' and sharing with them some Indian program. From most host rations and from this great nation, in particular, Indians living a broad receive so much kindness and hospitality that it becomes a duty no less than a pleasure to try to return a part of it by attempting to present to our generous hosis some aspects or facets ot present-day India which may be little known out side, for example, in this country, but. through no fault of the folks here. SOME BARRIERS Despite the best of intentions on both sides, despite genuine attempts at mutual understanding, some barriers might still exist, but, with good will on either side, these barriers could be . eventually liiied if each side availed itself of every oppor tunity to present some facts and facets little kno.v.i to the other side. What characterises India today is a, threat ef fort, part of it conscious and part of it perhap; unconscious, to live and improve her own life, economic, social and political, and arrange her re lations with the rest of the world in the light of what is currently called a middle-of-the-road phil osophy. This philosophy is based on a certain measure of tolerance, an awareness of the complexity of the issues that ordinarily divide rival groups and al: on a desire to see and if possible pick up some good that may exist in different and sometimes hostile ways of life and idealogies. FACTS, FACETS, FEATURES To take certain facts and facets individually: Of the total population of the Indian union as rf today about 85 per cent are Hindus, 10 per cent are Muslims, 2 per cent are Christians and the rest come from other religious minorities. Among the Hindus a substantial minority forms what used to be called the depressed classes who are today free from all legal and organized social disabilities and who are being sought to be raised by all means in the power of the state to the level of the rest of the nation. Out of 15 members of the Federal Cabinet, the prime minister is an upper class Hindu, the deputy prime minister is a Muslim who happens to be the most respected political leader in the nation after the prime minister, one member is a Chris tian, there was another Muslim member who re cently died and two members come from the so called depressed classes. It is as if in this country, at the Federal level, the President was a protestant Christian, the vice president was of tiie Jewish faith, a prominent member of the cabinet was a Roman Catholic an l two other prominent cabinet members were Ne groes. COMPOSITE CULTURE The social organization presents a complete pic ture on which many influences have worked some of them stemming from India's remote and recent past and some of them from Western civili zation with which India has been in contact ov er 150 years now and with which India haj shared in an appreciable measure the great liberal move ments of various fronts that started in the West around the end of the 18th century and have been continuing to our day. On the economic front, however, the picture is one over which this country would be less happy. For reasons which I need not discuss at the mom ent, among such reasons being the current ratio of resources to population, the technological and in dustrial backwardness, the general background of poverty, disease and several other handicaps, India perhaps could not possibly adopt the svst'em of free enterprise as it is sometimes understood and advocated in this country. The economic organiza tion that is gradually emerging is much closer to that of, say, England and some other European countries that are political and social democracies than to that of this country which is also' a reat political and social democracy. It is by no means unrestricted private enter prise, it is not also as, nearly socialistic as in mn,t communist countries, but it is a mixture of the two, part socialistic and part private, with in state always on the watch on behalf of the com mon people. On technological know-how in industry agri culture and various other sectors India is grateful for all the help it has received from this countrv m an abundant measure and from several other Jr Culturally advanced countries INDIA'S DUAL GOAL India naturally, would be willing to draw upon the knowledge and experience of various countries of the world including some that are today within the communist sphere of influence and would uel come any help from those countries that are will ing to offer such help without any strings attached. On the whole, looking at all the forces that are at work in India, it would not perhaps b unreas onable to hope that India, in her own modest wav. uu.u neep io a patn Which would imnrnvn th, 1, of her own people, and at th e same time perhaps i - U n . u.,t very process contribute toward w. ing of the terrible fears and suspicions, some of them justified and some of them perhaps unfound ed that unfortunately divide most of the world today into two hostile camps By and large, India has received so much kind ness and good will from the rest of the world that she owes ij to the world to try to do her share in the promotion of peace and ood will.