North Carolina Newspapers

SATURf Ay PAGE TWO THE DAILY TAR HEEL Governor Hodges John C. Calhoun o Carolina Front (iovernor Luther Motives, who with each pres. conference sounds more like a candi date for reelection., this week began to sound like John C Calhoun. Hodges had already given his good graces to the local option plan of maintaining school segregation and the Patriots ol North Carolina, a group pledget! to keep rates sep arate despite the tT. S. Supreme Court's mandate. lint this week, donning the outmoded cape of Calhoun's nullification doctrine, the gov crnor struck out at the Supreme Court. According to Hodges, .when the nation's highest court - overruled public sc hool seg regation, it "assumed the authority to change the Constitution ....at the will of the mem bers of the court and without legal prece dent." ' Coing. ni awkward step further, the gover nor endorsed the movement for interposi tiontoday's name for the old, ineffective Calhoun doctrine. Nullification, and inter position? provide that a state can simply re fuse to enforce a judici:-! interpretation with whic h it does not agree, until it is written in to the Constitution by amendment. - Over a century ago. Calhoun devised this plan to prevent the North front blotting out Southern slavery. It was a brilliant de fense of minority rights in the i)th century. Today, though, nullification (or interposi tion) is little more than a political theory, the philosophy of a lost cause. As for the Supreme Court's authority to "Change" the Constitution by judicial in terpretation, it's equally obvious that Chief Justice John Marshall settled that early in our history. Evidently, (iovernor Hodges wants to ap pear in favor of any method, short of vio lence that will evade enforcement of the s.eg-. legation mandate. Hut he should remember that his pledge of office carries allegiance to to the national -Constitution above that of the state. Besides. Hodges need only refer to the record of historv to find that, while nullifica tion kept South Carolina's Calhoun in pow er, he died a bitter, beaten man. We urge the governor to study the old so lutions for lessons, not remedies. The in tegration of schools will require new adjust nients. not worn out political theories with new names. Coach Shift Bears Down On Chancellor ' Kraar morance Jonathan Daniels A Policy if BARRY FARBER, the polylin gual former DTII editor, dropped an interesting Tatum note in the mail from Washington Farber, whose present occupa tion is promoting TV Guide, of- (The changing Southern picture in tlie pulbic schools changing under the impact of the Supreme Court's Decision of 1954, under economic shifts, and shifts in the mores of the South has created presumes which this traditionally easy-going, un excitable land has seldorn, if ever, experienced. Under those pressures, there are those who will submit to the abolition' of- public education. For Ainately, there are those too, in greater numbers we hope, who will never submit to this open invi tation to ignorance and set-back. Jonathan Daniels, editor of the Raleigh News and Observer is one of the latter; and he. makes his case eloquently in the fered the following elipping- with no comments or explanation a(idress reprinted below, which he delivered at Cokr from sports writer Bob Addie s college, Uartmlle, South Carolina, recently. h.dv- column: Xors.) . . .If Jim (Tatum) does go to . North Carolina, he's likely to find A North Carolinian going to South Carolina the top brass a bit ruder than in the past often spoke of himself as coming from th nonnu flt TarvianH and a vale of humility between two mountains of con- this isn't said in sarcasm. I called the chancellor of North Carolina, a man named Robert B. Houses, the other day -to ask a simple question and I had the telephone banged in my ear. It was pro bably just as well Chancellor ceit. That has greatly changed in our times. Recent ly viewing South Carolina's industrial progress, North Carolinians have realized that ours is a vale in which hustling is mo:e important than humility rf we hope to keep within shouting distance of Sout li Carolina. Conditions in this autumn, like everything else, House was still imbued with the seem much changed. But the harvests and the hob- Christmas spirit or he probably goblins remain. We seem, indeed, to have increasing would have wrenched the phone reason for both our festivals and our fears and off the wall." at the same time. Celebration is more fun than Although this reporter would the contemplation of catastrophe. But we keep fear be the last to defend the way and festival all the year round in the South now. some of the press has written up Perhaps we have always been a people equally, and played the coaching situation steadily and separately sharing barbecue and bitter here, this type publicity doesn't ness. Certainly today we seem to have only two aid the University. things on our minds and in our mouths: te de Chancellor House, admittedly centralization of American industry southward and is in the hot seat. He is the man the desegregation of the schools southward, too. from Chapel Hill who will hire They arp not regarded as identical twins. Eager the coach. The pressures on him ness attends one. Indeed, we are credited with are great. such eagerness to take our part of the pattern of But, nevertheless, the Univer- jn(iustry from the North that we have been charged sity must symbolize those virtues with a zeaj jn looting never before equalled except associated with the so-called by Sherman's soldiers. We were recently accused Carolina Gentleman. Gf robbing the industrial graves of devastated New If writer Addie was correct, England industrial towns. That was slander which the Chancellor has erred. wiH not stop the, belated development of the South if He ' in terms of its neglected resources and the needs .ITXT . " , . , of its people. The building of new plants at a mil ALUMNI Review, which iion0jiar.aiay rate in the Southeast will not slow publishes special weekly issues ;00n during the grid season to care- fully chronicle every football The change in the people , is more significant play, gave one .paragraph this than the modern brick buildings which stand in month to. Phi Beta Kappa initia- he fields where the broom sedge was golden only tiori. V ' ' : .1 in color. The Southern poor white, that creature This publication is the best or- deemed incapable of any but the dullest skills, hew. ideas: and renewed iimnvl . viopfi j SaP available ;for keep ng alumni ;' ' . " ' mt! - in toucn with the University I oi wc iiunnm huicij. mv ituum iunu. vi have "been taught in the class- tvvent" vears a" are imperceptible as the citizens room that thos&e matters of the of our bulinS cities in a South in which urbaniza- minri a r r3miin frt,., i is proceeding at a faster rate than the country ------- - -WMS. VTAAAM A V V 1 V concern. . .... : ( Perhaps i the -Alumni Review could turn some of its pages over to the faculty, or at the very least offer more than a para- 'Lulu Or A System? "The Honor System is being- knocked for a lulu." This stern verdict, from a professor, brought down the curtain on Honor System; Week in December, transforming the prog ram from epic: on student integrity to a farce. The week, as you will recall, was one of vigorous discussion of that University tra dition which assumes personal integrity on the part ol students. Athletes, student jurors, and other dignitaries sang the praises of hon or and a system. But then, only a few brief days atfer the week had ended, the professor rendered his judgment. .Why? This academic critic of the Honor System found that 55 names were initialed on the roll of his 78-member class but only y stu dents faced him that morning. Sixteen stu dents signed for otheis who just weren't there. We think those student leaders who con ducted the honor week did an admirable job of needed propagandising. They presented, in a dramatic- manner, the Honor System as it should operate. Now, let the student courts begin to act. Alleged laxity in the operation of the stu dent courts has prompted many faculty mem bers to doubt the wisdom of the system. An alarming number feel that the faculty will have to take over administration of student justice If tiie student courts are not effective. 'J "he Daily Tar Heel believes that student jurors c an clc. '. wtih student offenders fairly and jifstly. liut. af this point, confidence in their vigor is at -an all-time. low. as . a whole twice as fast in some sections. State the fact as we can see it, there are a great many more permanent than poke bonnets to be seen' in South Carolina today. But let us not count too rapidly in the South. graph for academic prowess when The South has begun to feel rich before and some football prowess is .given extra times to its undoing. It may not be amiss today to weekly issues. note that that phrase that lies like honey on the Southern tongue, "The New South" is seventy years old and there was not only no honey but little THE UNIVERSITY of Virginia, enough hominy in some of those years. Henry long holder of the title of biggest Grady, out of an always expansive Atlanta, used party school, has a new social the phrase first, I think, in 1886 in a speech ap- cote- plauded by the same New Englanders who today Under the new code, fraterni- sometimes seem to regard it as a label for Sher ties have "permanently identi fied hostesses" at all social ev ents. . Eager to avoid any misunder- . standing of the term "hostess," Virginia officials spelled it out: "A lady approved by the Commit tees on Fraternities who has ac cepted responsibility for the pro priety of fraternity social gath erings and is identified with a special chapter of the University on a permanent basis." ' Sounds as tnough a reputable coed would qualify. AN AMERICAN history stu dent was asked by his professor, Dr. C. 0. Cathy, what outside reading he had done. "I read John C. Calhoun," the student said. "Which one," asked Dr. Ca they. 'Oh, the blue one." ' " man's march tranplanted and reversed. It seems hardly worth noting now that the year Mr Grady' spoke exultantly and eloquently of the New' South, Pitchfork Ben Tillman began to holler at the elegant people in South Carolina. Things definitely did not look so good to Mr. Tillman or the noisy thousands who flocked behind him. It will, I know shock you young ladies today to know that he spoke of The Citadel as "a military dude fac tory." It will seem as absurd to your sisters, well dressed and well curled on their, wages in South Carolina industry, to know that he spoke of the textile industry of the State as a "moral graveyard" for young women. Mr. Grady's eloquence and Senator Tillman's vio lence Jota are a long way behind us. In our times hope is not only highlit is- hung there like the moon. In a day of young and confident marriages, the babies, so thiek-in our suburbs, are clearly born to be the more and more skilled operators of our industrial plant and its multiplying customers, too. The highways everywhere widen. Their lanes run to shorter work weeks, higher wages, more fun and a clear faith in the future. We have a right to cele brate our harvest in this autumn, South 1955. We have a right also to our fears. No man cer tainly no Southerner in his right mind would minimize the dimensions of the problem of the South created by the Supreme Court decision order ing the desegregation of our schools. It is not solved by the fact that our population has altered almost" as rapidly as bur pace. Indeed, it seems irrelevant - to present people in the midst of the present pro blef that the white-Negro ratio in South Carolina has altered from a Negro majority, of 150,000 in 1910 to half a million more white people than Ne gros today. It is not made simply by the fact that in South Carolina the population of cities has doubled in two decades. Nothing makes it a simple problem. But it can be made a more serious problem by those who step promptly, confidently, angrily forward with ruth less remedies. And the most tragic proposal ever made in a presumably intelligent land is that the South solve this great public problem by putting an end to public education indeed to all educa tion so far as the overwhelming majority of the people are concerned. The anger of those who propose such .drastic remedies is understandable in the South but what they propose should be under stood, too, as something beyond secession from the Union. What they .urge is secession from civiliza tion. Maybe once the dictum was uttered and believed that one Southerner could whip ten Yankees. There may be those today who believe that a South denied public education could compete with the skills, the , training, the schooling available to men and women ' and their children in other states and sections ' It is an enterprise" upon which I as one Southerner would not wish to embark. It would, I believe; if 1 such a fantastic proposal should be accepted in the1; South, reduce a whole people to levels at) which'; they could not be expected intelligently to cope? , with this problem or any other. Give us one genera-" ' tion of abandonment of public education, in the South and we would all be poor, poor whites to gether. In our own personal fears and in all those fears put together by men, who put; such fears together, one thing we need to hold to hard in oyr hearts and our heads is that ignorance is no de fense against integration or anything else. Education is the basis of all we possess and all we hope to be and I know no better place to say that with certainty than Hartsville, South Carolina, and Cpker College. Trouble is not new in the South. Sometimes it has seemed our heritage. Long ago virtually, the last words of John C. Calhoun were 'On Second Thought, Maybo I'll Ride With You' tEije IBmfyMnt Heel The official student publication of the Puull ations Board nf the Universjty of North Carolina, where it is published 4:.' v - ; u I ... y : . 'hv b first ' i $ lu:t v - Editors Managing Editor News Editor Business Manager Niht Editor For Thi Issue MOUNTA1IN COMING to Mos es Department: Electro Metallurgical Com pany, a division of Union Car bide, .sent a batch of impressive recruiting letters to liberal arts students during the holidays. With all this about liberal arts vs. business training, it. seems .that even the giants of industry have turned to humanities for ta lent. Since Union Carbide,. Stardard Oil, and the other corporations have more to offer financially to liberal arts students, many would be college teachers will probably be seduced away from the aca demic world and related pro fessions. I'm all c f 1 1 A- . -... ... aidiuaru uii, union Carbide, and others hiring men of the humane letters, as Mat thew Arnold called them. But it would seem that the colleges are BILL BOB PEEL goin? to have to offer more iinanciaiiy to meet teaching needs. daily except Monday and examination and vacation periods and summer terms. Enter ed as second class matter in the post of fice in Chapel Hill, N. r.f under the Act of March 8. 1879. Sub scription rates: mail ed, $4 per year. $2.50 a semester; delivered, $6 a year, $3.5Q , a semester. - f -"-'. 'i'jvXi'i.- .v . V' - LOUIS KRAAR, ED YODER FRED POWLEDGE JACKIE GOODMAN -y 11 '1 Ui 3y n Rueben Leonard "The South, the poor South." Others have seemed to us very often to bring us our troubles. Itis just possible,' however, that we are not without fault, too. Just a few years before Calhoun whispered that phrase, one of the most distinguished scholars who ever came to South Carolina, Francis Lieber, now too much forgotten, proposed an epitaph for himself, "Here lies a man who died of the South." He did not die, fortunately, but he lived to go to other regions where he felt his leading was apprecia ted more. But here in Hartsville, I'd like to talk about a man who left fewer phrases in either despair or com plaint about the South but who I suspect may serve as a better model for Southerners in troubled times. It seems to me time today to talk in Hartsville and everywhere else in the South about a man as Major James Lide Coker. I do not find his name men tioned much in the angry records of Reconstruction in South Carolina but I do find, still alive and cre ative, the works he began in industry, business, ag riculture and education not only here but in every part of this South we love together. I suspect his image on this campus is venerable, maybe bearded. I like to think of him as the boy he was when he went to Harvard at 20 in 1857. He was not alone. In that center of abolitionism as well as erudition there were 63 Southerners when your Charleston neighbors fired on Fort Sumter. He'ovudied there soils and plants, chemistry and botany under the great Louis Agassiz. It may be pertinent in the South now that when Agassiz came "to America he said that it was a "land where Nature was rich, but tools and workmen few. . .". Certainly he stirred one great workman from South Carolina in James Lide Coker. Well, of course, young Coker came home. He went to war. And he came home from war with a thigh shattered by a ball in Tennessee. He was Major Coker. That may not evoke any such image in your minds but a Confederate Major always sounds elderly to me. This one was just 27 and he went to work, the historians say "with a crutch in one hand and a hoe in the other." Frankly, I think that gives as false an image as a grey beard would. It sounds indeed heroic. . I think he was. But the burned hills of South Carolina in those dav were filled with heroic men to whom neither the crutch nor the hoe were strange. What marked Major James Coker was that he had education in his head and put education to work in building this town,' this state, this college. He could have devoted himself to futility an? fury. Instead, hardly anywhere has the education of one man so blessed a' family, a town, a state, a South. It does not seem strange to me that he capstoned his success with a college. It would only seem strange to me if anywhere within the expanding influence of; -his memory, any person might con-' ;sider"hei abandoment I of education as a remedy for anything. . . ';;i!;;:r :U:- : ' Of course,' we have great problems,' in the South and swiftly growing possibilities, too. Of course, we : have tradition ; wheh : are precious : to us and a ,; destiny, .worthy! of the best Un our powers as in our past. We; shall -not '-find: the '..wayin'lbUhe future easily 1 find no easy- roads for most people run ning; through the past: But in this South Autumn 1955 we cannot let our fears become the masters of our fate. We become the masters of our fate. We cannot; find our safety in the dark. We' will not better escape our troubles in ignorance. More than anything else we ned more education, not less. The South has no greater tradition than that made ' by its educated, enlightened leaders. And the only hope of the South in this autumn- of both festival and fear lies in the determination of its people that, come what fear there may be, no folly will lead us to the abandonment of the education of a whole advancing people. Those who would close our schcrs will not save the traditions of the South's hope. Our hope and fears are indivisible. Here where a man's edu cation blesed the South, I invoke your blessings on public education. Indeed, I ask you to hold stubborn ly in your hearts the understanding that any man who proposes that the South solve iU great prob lems by greater ignorance is a great fool or thinks you are a greater one. This is not a time for the South, to withdraw into the dark. What the South needs is the contin uation of its march toward more education for all its people. It was Shakespeare Who Wrote The Words Of Bacon And Marlowe Abigail Bacon came from Boston where James Michael Curley is again running for Mayor. It was Abigail who started all this business about Bacon having written the works of Shakespeare. After Ab igail came a host of other fellows with other ideas; Bacon, Oxford, and Marlowe, and each of their champions stated a case and offered "proof." At the bottom of all the arguments is ine basic theme; Shakespeare did not go to . college and therefore could not have been the author of the plays. And since Bacon, Oxford and Marlowe went to college, it had to be one of them. All of which is highly encouraging. Since four million boys took advantage of the GI Bill of RighU1 and went to college, all we need do now is sit back and wait for the literature to roll off the presses. I think the time has come to re-examine the whole proposition. I think these "debunkers" of Shake speare have hit upon the right idea but have not focused it properly. A careful study of the college situation may very well lead us to a new conclu sion. We find that thousands of men and women are receiving college degrees without ever having opened up a book by Draper, Hume,.Lecky, Cer vantes, Rabelais, Plutarch, Cellini, Readcj, Gibbon, Heine, Goethe, Chaucer, to mention only a few of the great classics of thought. Reasonable men will begin to argue that since Bacon, Oxford, and Marlowe went to college, they could not have possibly writ ten those plays; that they could have been produced only by a fellow who stayed home, read some books and studied life. Harry Golden Jn The Carolina Israelite. G oe L Davsi (kJ son , ar misr mir desk 0," request the Prolog.' Editor..) e ' The excha--.-the Univer,.! . student r August iv. en- seems to "Ho asked until aJ . in Goettingen and really i ' year ends 1" ' a thorough r; 1 which has 1.. ercises, there V-" way to accour. : mentj of eve:;, . r the presentation -ogue. ' ; Suffice it to ; ; crossed the A::-1 to be such a L-1 dition that cvfr erals do it. I c haven on J.;v . North Carolina ' July l. My travel ; expired somev,he ' of an , English Q. Bremen gave p-.- stay in Cerrr.;:; ' in an ultra-mofe' middle of thee:: lar a day. i From Bremen! ' Hannover to G: Herr Stedler, gram here, greet:: iting piece of:;., had not expected two more iric:il tingen I visited t ary, which is ri east side of G: valley and a'-;0 vi curtain. I also toured i tains, visited a:: and villages, to: the national ga sel. all with a L dents from Le:?; sian zone. Copin: ; somewhat dl:' since my Gerrz pretty poor. One. him that there Semitism in the hesitantly' ventr: that he would.! to the United S. After almost: tingen I proceed:: and Mainz, when several days be!:: the Rhine to B:: Bonn, curre:- federal pi- month. I studied is why I came:. early, visited excursions to s' logne, the latter: more interesting. A week in give any travj.v derlust, so I to two-week vacai: 1 inr to UOeui'i- tour included Ss Bern, Geneva, l tween; France- Blanc; Ao Innsbruck: - Munich and fcurJ- ihe Bavarian St wM On uciuuti - Hannover toBe' will not return ,,nt near upon vvnai Studentenausch err.ment) wis 1 lectures begin Bv next e. prepared a'-1 reports on w . ... n2 . nniaii-' manv, t crats. milit1;-' Neo-Nazis i.; into Gerard H you. in the b Mr as AUT0MA"! . in A hunter -woods stopped ' house to as a woman b"5;;- frnnt DOrch baby on tne was amazed to ..... n;.in2 a s-7'"" was teething P11" u-as tied sinus the babys r -Would you ; the reason i- ' ed the hunter- "Why, 11 s rcpli the we dlocked on t; and if he cut."