ifai
sea
St
net
sco:
7 ii
C
SUI
tah
pla;
fire
me
wit
ni
ff
31
la
a?
iii
fc
a
fe
I
by
by
ey
on
sa
sit
s
tri
Bi
mi
N
nij
hi)
13
ga
kw
cn
ac
rn
is!
th
Si
w
Pi
V
tc
t
P
C
$
:i
3
I
J tfs sixty-ninth year of editorial freedom, unhampered by
I restrictions from either the administration or the student body.
j -The Daily Tar Heel is the official student publication of
j the Publications Board of the University of North Carolina.
j All editorials appearing in The Daily Tar Heel are the
J personal expressions of the editor, unless otherwise credited; they
a re not necessarily representative of feeling on the staff.
I January 11, 19G2
Tel. 942-2356
Vol. LXIX, No. 75
L'-wv """" '.wS
orld Court Decision
W
The decision of the General As
sembly to issue 200 million worth
of bonds and the subsequent author
ization of Secretary-G eneral U
Thant to ask the International Court
of Justice to hand down a ruling on
whether members will have to pay
their share of costs for special ope
rations could lead to a new crisis.
If the World Court hands down a
decision requiring members to as
sume their fair share of debts in
curred, it will probably mean that
some nations will be ousted. Many
have already made it pointedly ob
vious that they will not pay and
the World Court decision will not
cause many of them to undergo a
change of heart.
Should the Court rule that this
will be necessary, it will mean that
the U. S., whose -stake in the U. N.
is vitally important, will be forced
to continue to bear a disproportion
ate share of the burden. The U. N,
operations in Katanga and else
where have been expensive but
most of them have been necessary.
Whether President Kennedy will
be able to persuade a reluctant Con
gress to share his view and vote in
creased appropriations to the world
organization is a moot question. The
influences of conservatives and oth
er elements dissatisfied with the
progress in the U. N. is certain to
produce strong opposition. Yet, the
nation's foreign policy is already
committed to strong support of the
operations.
The World Court's decision will
have violent effects on that policy.
Those Fake TV Ads
The Federal Trade Commission
recently denied Colgajte-Palmolive
Co. further use of a TV commercial
which depicted the shaving of a
piece of sandpaper softened by Rapid-Shave.
The commission was rubbed the
wrong way because the "sandpaper"
used in the ad was in reality a piece
of Plexiglass coated with jelly and
sprinkled with sand.
The ruling, unimportant enough
in itself, may signal a tightening-up
of the FTC's policy concerning the
use of fake props and false gim
micks in TV ads. As yet, there has
been little discussion of any. but the
most flagrant instances of charla
tanry in ads, such as the one men
tioned. Perhaps the commission will
now look into some other practices
in common practice by TV adver
tisers fake food, dyes, clever
camera manipulation to give a false
image, speeding up films in auto
mobile ads, and a myriad of others
embodying greater or lesser degrees
of fakery.
The FTC decision on the Rapid
Shave ad has been a long time in
coming; the' hassle over its use
started over a year ago.
Now that it has come, we hope it
means that more advertisers will
finally have , to put up or shut up on
some of .the wild claims made for
their products!
fadent JHltopy to
Alternatives In Laos
The disagreement between rival
leaders in Laos over the composition
of a coalition government confronts
the United States with a harsh di
lemma. The Vientiane Government,
which the United States has built
up and backed following its rupture
a year ago with neutralist Prince
Souvanna Phouma and his collabo
rators, is now unwilling to enter a
coalition with Prince Souvanna on
the terms he poses. These terms
would give the ministries of De
fense and Interior to Prince Sou
vanna's group. With these two key
Cabinet posts added to others that
would be assigned to neutralist and
Communist-led Pathet Lao leaders,
the neutralists and Pathet Lao fac-
9 av..v:v-;-.
WAYNE KING "
Editor
- - i'.v-: ' "--
Miwm Am Rbtmm
5 Associate Editor' m
' LLOYD liTTL.
Executive- Newt Editor
'"telli. HOBBS
Managing Editor
Gabby Blamchabb
'Assistant Editor
Nakct Bare, Linda Chavotta
. t . - - ' Feature Editor
Harbt W. Jjim.r:- '' 'ppnrtt Editor
David Wysomq Subscription Manager
JrM Eskskh Circulation Manager
Ed Durni L Asst. Sport Editor
Jot Wallace , , , Photograph Editor
TBI BURNETT
Business Manager
ISjkm Mathxr , Advertising Manager
;- i,: -r .u-: ' 9 t f
Tbx Daily Tab Heel Is published dally
except Monday, xamtaation perkx ls
nd vacatiorLS. It Is entered as secorni
clasa matter in the post cfice in Chanel
Hill, pursuant iwitii ' tha act-- ot
Marcli 6,' 1870. Subscription rates: $4J5&
fter semester, t&per year, i.
The Daily Tab Hxrx ls a subscriber to
the United ' Press International and
utilizes the services 'of the News Bu
reau of the University of North Caro
lina, v ii. L'susrtv it-ri $r.
Published by the Publications Board
of "the University of north Carolina
Chapel Hill N. C. ti o2ta c w
'i&lr- sxti.- ti. C . i. , . j-.. ' . '
tions would have a preponderance
of strength in a new government.
In view of the close ties between
the neutralists, the Pathet Lao and
the Communist powers, there would
be a real danger that Laos, under
a government weighted in favor of
the neutralists and Pathet Lao,
would eventually come under Com
munist domination.
A similar danger will exist if the
Vientiane leaders do not enter a
coalition. Their refusal to do .so
could mean resumption of the Lao
tion civil war; and it is doubtful if
the Vientiane Government could
win such a war unless assisted by
American or other foreign military
forces. Western military interven
tion in Laos would, of course, create
the possibility of comparable inter
vention by the Communist powers.
The United States thus faces the
alternatives of renewed conflict or
action to persuade Vientiane leaders
to enter a risky coalition. Washing
ton appears to have chosen the lat
ter, a course consistent with agree
ments on the neutralization of Laos
that the United States has made
with Russia; Communist China,
Britain, France and other countries
at .the eneyi !Coneren,ce. Pressure
on the Vientiane Government is be
ing exercised by withholding Unit
ed p.tates funds used (to pay Laotian
military forces. 'Other ' and stronger
means of persuasion are available.
' .Heavily dependent as it is on A.
rnerican s ii p p o.r' Vientiane wijl
find "'It very hard '.to resist these
pressures. 'Already ifurther confer
ences 4 at 'Geneva between" the rival
Laotian leaders 'are in prospect. Pos
sibly by further negotiations they
can get a better coalition deal from
Prince Souvanna than they have so
far been able to obtain.
it ... . .-; '. ..a.-.
NEW YORK TIMES
Goettingen, Germany There
were seven of us together recently
three East Berlin students and four
foreign students from West Ger
many, sitting around a Ratskellar
table in East Berlin. We four stu
dents from Goettingen had been in
vited along by the East Berliners
when we asked them on the' street
where we might find a tavern ior
some beer and conversation. It was
the first night we had gone over in
to this walled-in city of Vopos and
fear and we were somewhat sur
prised with the openness we received
from these three students of the
Humboldt University.
The conversation over the seven
beers rocked back and forth between
those things students generally find
to talk about and the political situa
tion of East Berlin. As we got to
know and trust one another more,
the East Berliners began to express
some of their feelings about "The
Wall": "We felt so completely de
pressed on the Thirteenth (August),"
said one of the students. "It was al
most as though a part of each of our
bodies had been cut away. Before
the Thirteenth we could at least taste
freedom and plenty by going over to
West Berlin. Now we don't get close
WWC's Pete Range
Visits East Berlin
enough to The Wall to even see life
on the other side."
Even when they can take their
eyes off The Wall and their longing
away , from West Berlin, the East
Berliners are feeling the effects of
Ulbricht's brutal imprisonment in
their daily lives. Those who were
employed in West Berlin, "some who
had had the same job for over ten
years, have been provided jobs ,by
the East German government. These
jobs are, of course, the most menial
and poorest paying ones, those which
were naturally open when the gov
ernment suddenly had 4000 unem
ployed on its hands this August 13th.
According to the three students,
some of these workers had to leave
T , .. - I -. .... , .
Berlin altogether, .taking jobs some
where else in the Soviet JZone, many
miles from their homes and friends.
AS FOR CONDITIONS within
East Berlin, the bread-lines are long
er and the deprivations are greater
as a result of The Wall. Fruit, .carry
ing the important vitamin-noiurish-ment,
is non-existent. "Cheeses and
other milk products are almost not-to-be-had.
The families are allowed
a quarter-pound of butter per week.
Salt has recently joined the list; of
unavailables. The clothes which are
still available, saicT bur three com
rades, cost, more than anyone could
pay; an average dress can cost
125.P0. A pack of ten of the poorly
tasting East German cigarettes costs
fifty to" seventy-five -cents''. i
The lives of pur three student
friends at the XJriiversity are "going
along rath e r normally." 'though
lhes6 Students were 'lucky enough , to
get areas they were Interested In; all
Humboldt " University students major
in fields chosen 'for them by the gov
ernment," according, to the current
need "of the socialistic society. They
receive every semester, and espec-
& Unci
ially during the early ones, a num
ber of courses which boil down to
pure political indoctrination.
"I'm full of it," said one of the
students, speaking lpwy and putting
his hand up to his neck, "Up to
here. I couldn't hold any more.
Everyday, " everywhere; in the lec
tures', in the newspapers, on the ra
dio and television, on the streets!"
At he end "of each 'semester they
must take an exam on' the political
"doctrines covered; 'Jtfaturaljy; ' every
one gives the expected answers,' con
trary o his own personal Reliefs. "
Only' 'Jthey '-begin iii 'get Into the
last .semesters or if "jhey are stu
dents of "science do the Humboldt
University" students receive' the free
and pure subject matter, unimpedea
"by so much political coloring. For
students of history; philosophy, liter
ature, arid "law' however there Is
never an end to the Indoctrination.
"You Really Think You Can Charm Those Birds?9'
ALTHOUGH QUE .friends seemed
fairly" confident and at ease most of
the ' evening we four ." students from
the free side "of the world could not
help feeling somewhat t e n s e. For
months now we Have -been reading
about -The Wall, the .Vopos, the un
successful and successful escape at
tempts, the ' unjustified arrests of
some student visiting In East Berlin.
We had visited "Checkpoint' Char
ley," the U. "S. Army Instaliation at
the only street "entrance into East
Berlin for "".foreigners! Later, iat
night, we had registered with
Checkpoint Charley? that we would
return ,by jl a.m., then hadVeaved
our way . in our . Fiat past the Jom
my gun-carrying East German Vo
pos through the zig-zag opening in
The Wall.
Our passports were checked over,
the car was well-inspected, and we
were asked if we had brought any
East German money with us (not al
lowed since you can get four EG
Marks for one WG Mark in West
Berlin). The process was repeated
in greater or lesser degrees all six
times we crossed the border during
the weekend. For the most part, the
Vopos were polite and even friendly,
answering our questions about where
we might take pictures or see The
Wall. But these cordial fellows are
reputed for being able to become ex
tremely dangerous when provoked or
irritated.
UPON ENTERING the Ratskellar
we had been asked for our passports,
as always when foreigners want' to
buy something. We were always con
scious of the possibility of not mak
ing it back across Checkpoint Char
ley if we made any serious wrong
moves. As one goes around the city,
the sight of every fifth or sixth per
son in a uniform is not very encour
aging. Although banners and slogans are
not" nearly so present as before the
Thirteenth and before the death 0f
f a m o u s Stalinallee (now renamed
Karl-JWarx-Allee), one doesn't look
far, even in the slum districts, for a
red banner with some words in white
calling for the signing of a peace
treaty with Russia. At the busiest
section of East Berlin, the Fried
richstrasse railroad terminal, there
stands a huge, electric news-reading
machine over the street (similar to
the one on Times Square, New
York). The news which we read was
alternately something very critical
of the United States followed by
praise of some Soviet maneuvre.
BESIDES the two or three points
such as Friedrichstrasse and Karl-Marx-Allee,
East Berlin is essential
ly ugly, pitiful, and dead city which
looks like it went through a war a
bout three years ago. Only a mini
mal number of new buildings have
been built, those which were only
fifty percent destroyed by the war
are being lived in, the rest left stand
ing. The center of old Berlin, UNTER
DEN LINDEN, is surrounded by the
partial ruins of the glorious old Prin
zess Palais, the Operhaus, the Uni
versity, the old military ministry,
the huge Domkirche (church). One
is impressed with the magnificence
which the one-time capital of the
German Reich must have had, and
with the complete lack of rebuilding
this area has received since 1945.
Though the Soviets inherited un
doubtedly the most beautiful part of
what was once a glorious Berlin,
their half is now by far the ugliest.
AT ONE POINT we were able to
approach the Wall, where it goes a
cross a bridge to within 20 yards. At
the end of the bridge we conversed a
while with the four Vopos (Vulkspo
lizei, or People's Police). They were
polite but, of course, dry in their
talking.' We asked harmless ques
tions and made only light, day-today
remarks, sometimes even jok
ing a little with them. They usually
laughed with us. After such an ex
perience, one gets the feeling even
though he knows they would shoot
him if he did anything out-of-order -that
these fellows are human too;
that they are really just everyday
guys who do not want to slwot me
anymore than I do them. But they
are. full of fear and indoctrination,
they have no choice. We were hap
py to see Uncle Sam at Checkpoint
Charley at 1 a.m.
New Year Provides
ame Old Problem
It is a fact that 1962 has been
bom . and that this is the hegirining
of a new year. For the world though,
ATTITUDES by Clotfclter
Did Hoover Only Add To US Confusion
"-,' . . ,!'
About Katanga-United Nations Problem?
The sense of confusion with which
most Americans have been reading
about the Katanga United Nations
problem was made more confused
recently by a statement from Her
bert Hoover.
From the heights of his Waldorf
Astoria Hotel headquarters Mr. Hoo
ver gave The Word to his loyal sub
jects. "It is a sad day for the American
people," said Mr. Hoover sadly,
"when American resources are be
ing applied to the killing of people
who are seeking for independence
and self-government, free from
Communist domination."
v Hoover made ' his ' proclamation in
support of mineral-rich Katanga's re
bellion, from the central Congolese
government. . .
Hoover expressed support for .Sen.
Thomas Podd's call 'for a Senate
investigation of UY .S. support of the
U!N. action. (Could the Nation sur
vive without ; those handy Congres
sional investigations?)' The Conn'ec
ticutt Senator also'Iiad demanded a
reorganization of the U.N. to prevent
any future military .thrust.
Dodd and Hoover represent two
of the foremost critics " of UJS. sup
port of the U.N.'s military action:;'
In' recent months .there has been
a ' great " deal of money and . effort
exerted on , behalf of Moise Tshombe
and his "anti-Communist" Katanga
province. Tshombe has become the
symbol to some persons of the coura
geous anti-Communist freedom- fight
er, having to resist an invasion from
the United Nations.
Tshombe, according to South Afri
can journalist and author Colin Le
gum, "has ' the bounce of an india
rubber ball, and the facility to leap
on any likely-looking bandwagon..."
He negotiated with the late Pa
trice Lumumba about entering a
federal government, but "those ne
gotiations broke down," according
to Legum, "only after Tshombe's im
possibly high demands for seats in
the Cabinet were turned down. He
then raised the banner of Katanga's
independence.''' '
Tshombe, "like Senator McCarthy,
is not afraid to use the smear cam
paign on his opponents; at one time
or' another he has accused all his
opponents of being Russian agents,?
said Legum. i ."It is a line ' which
goes 'oyer well- In cef tain Belgian,
American and British cirdes." '
It is strange that the Congo's good
guys' of 1960 -Joseph Kassavubu and
trie central government should now
become part of the ; . International
Communist conspiracy seeking to
conquer Katanga. The Dodds, the
Hoovers " and their Hnd "could hot
bear to see two anti-Communist con
tingents in any given area" (Adoula
Kassavubu AND Tshombe), so alaka-zam-o,
Adoula and Kassavubu sud
denly become pro-Communists and
Tshombe becomes the world's last,
best hope.
(If Adoula and Kassavubu are
pro-Red, it must be unbearable for
Dodd and Hoover to consider what
Lumumba was and Antoine Gizenga
is. ' . ' .
It is also strange that the "pro
Communists" like Lumumba and his
follower Gizenga first appealed for
U.N.', American, African, and even
Belgian aid before they turned to
the Soviet Union. On the other
hand, Tshombe appealed to Russia,
some time ago to intervene militar
ily. The Russians laughed at him.
"!There are no annual awards for
political or journalistic over-simplification
by demagoguery,? said columnist-editor
Ralph " McGIII. "If
there were,' the prize for' 1961 al
most certainly would go to ... many
Western politicans and ' journalists
concerned with the Katanga crisis,,
Tliose who claim that the President
has turned direction "of jU. S. foreign
'policy' in v Africa "over to
are the worst offenders, claims Mc
Gill." Last summer the choice for the
United States and the United Na
tions was a strong central govern
ment for the Congo .(under Patrice
Lumumba) or a federation of pro
vinces (under Kassavubu). The U.
S. and the U. N. chose the federa
tion under Kassavubu and events
have proven them mistaken.
Tshombe with the aid of Kassa
vubu killed Lumumba, making the
choice now: strong central govern
ment (under Cyrille Adoula and Kas
savubu) or a bankrupt, chaotic Con
go under many Sovereign rulers (as
Tshombe would wish.)
The choice in the Congo is not
one of Communism or non-Communism,
liberalism or conservatism,
bad guys or good guys.
The choice is between a Congo
of tribalism, chaos and ruin which
will result if Katanga remains sep
arate from the central government
permanently or a Congo strong
and relatively stable, under an in
telligent moderate central govern
ment with Adoula as premie'lC "
' Chaos and tribalism are hot the
answers to the Congo's woes, Messrs.
Dodo! and Hoover notwithstanding.
An independent Katanga is not the
answer
JIM CLOTFELTER
is not a fact that the birth of 19C2
is a new beginning to solve all the
world's ills.
Not that the world does not want
a new beginning. But in the cold
light of reality what 1962 saw when
it first came into existence was not
a world at its beginning, but more
like a world at its beginning of the
end. There was a wall dividing Ber
lin. There was guerrilla warfare in
Viet Nam. There was a restless,
edgy, about to explode sort o f
peace in the Congo, Laos, and Al
bany, Georgia. In fact, this was the
atmosphere that seemed to prevail
over the entire world.
In the United States there were
various attitudes toward these world
problems as 1962 was born. There
were those who cared but said noth
ing. There were those who cared
and said they cared, but did nothing
to show ' that they cared. There
were those who felt that everything
would " work" itself out in the end
(without their aid or worry). There
were " those who felt that the world
would never see 1963. And finally
there were those who just didn't
give a damn, because it was a new
year and they were happy, drunk,
dancing the twist, and for all prac
tical purposes out of this world.
This was the United States at the
beginning of a new year. A nation
where millions made new year s
resolutions, kissed, loved, .an;.r,
drank, danced, lived, died and tbuilt
bomb shelters. It was a nation "that
was far from being at a new begin
ning, and everyone prayed was far
from being at an end. It was u na
tion traveling on the wings of Janus
into an infant year of a century now
growing grey at its temples, hinting
at old age and just possibly more
maturity, wisdom, and compassion
for the human race.
HENRY BROWN