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S3 Hoover Who? patfp Wat Hfcel In its sixty-ninth year of editorial freedom, unhampered, by restrictions from either the administration or the student body. The Daily Tar Heel is the official student publication of the Publications Board of the University of North Carolina. All editollaTsJaTinyin TheT5aily Tar Heel are the ?Yori Bungler! We Were Counting On You" Columns 9 OMj.e.Mwuy Vs. Readers9 Accuracy j personal expressions of the editor, unless otherwise credited; they j are not necessarily representative of feeling on the staff H I January 17, 1962 Tel. 942-233G Vol. LXIX, No. 80 P it I I I I Junius Scalps Junius Scales has. been variously referred to as a "brilliant, but nai ve man, a misguided martyr' and "a vile, contemptible subver sive. Which of these comes closest to the truth is a question that has been debated across the length and bread th of the United States. Buf one thing is certain: the Junius Scales who entered Lewisburg penitentiary late last year to begin a six-year sentence could not be the same man who was sentenced in Greensboro in 1955 for being a member of the Communist Party. In 1955, Scales still believed that Communism was the answer to what he considered failures in capitalism and democratic govern ment in America. Two years later sickened and disillusioned by the Soviet treatment of Hungary' aha the hypocrisy of Khrushchev's de nouncement of Stalin, Scales repu diated Communism and broke com pletely with the Communist Party. In 1958, Scales was again convicted on the same charge. (He had been granted a new trial on a legal tech-nicality.) In June of last year, the Supreme Court upheld the 1953 conviction by a 5-4 decision. The decision also upheld the Smith Act of 1950 which holds membership in the Communist Party to be participation in a group which advocates violent overthrow of the government. Scales, was never shown in any of his trials to have personally com mitted any act of violence, or to have advocated overthrow of the government by force or violence. He, in short, was convicted on his beliefs, not his actions. For his be liefs, he is serving six years in prison.' Vorse, they are beliefs hat he no longer holds, that he repudiat ed when it became clear to him that his years in the service of the Com munist Party were wasted on an utterly false ideal. Thus a man is being punished as vindication for a once-held be lief although he has not committed any overt act of violence himself nor advocated such an act in the pursuit of that belief. To continue to connect the Junius Scales of 1955 with the Junius Scales of today 13 an injustice in itself. His original conviction under the Smith Act, which makes belief a criminal offense, is an even great er one. Judging from the government's handling of other Communists, some of whom still fervently believe in Communist totalitarianism, Scales might have won clemency had he conceded to enmesh others in the threads of the Smith Act. His re fusal to do so, on the grounds that none of the persons he knew in his days as a Communist are now dan gerous, virtually guarantees that he will not be released before his six years of penance is paid. It is perhaps belaboring a point to say that the questions surround ing Scales conviction and sentenc ing have nothing to do with the validity or invalidity of Commun ist doctrine. Its fraudulence and vileness is readily apparent to Americans; even, since 1957, to Scales. And it is the duty of any American to oppose it with courage and strength. But to translate this opposition into vengence upon the head of a man who has disavowed all affec tion for Communism is to trample on democracy. Note To Dr. George Note to Dr. V. C. George, pro fessor emeritus and rascist extra ordinaire: PHILADELPHIA, Nov. 20 The EDITORIAL STAFF Wayne King...'...."..;.:.. ..... Editor Margaret Ann Rhymes " Associate Editor Lloyd Little j : - -' " Executive News Editor Bill. Hobbs . Managing Editor Jim Clotfelter, Bill Wuamktt ' - " , .News Editors Jim Wallace ' V" , Photography Editor Chuck MooNEY....Featttre Editor Harry LLOYD..........Sporfs Editor Ed DtTPREE.....Asst. Sports Editor Garry Blanchard ' - . , 1- - Contributing Editor v BUSINESS STAFF -; Ttm Burnett... .Business Manager Mike Mathers - - ' ' Advertising Manager Jim EvAKs.:Subscription Manager Jim Eskridge ! - - r .f . ' . ' -Circulation Manager Tbb Dait-t Tam Hktt. 1a published daily except Monday, examination .periods and vacations. It Is -entered as second- fjass matter in the- post office In Chapel 1111., N. C, pursuant .with the act of March 8. 1870. Subscription rates; $40 per semester $ per 'year.-,-ri- . -. Th3 Dazlt Tar Km- is a subscriber to the United -Press International end utilizes the services of - the News Bu reau of the University of North paxo Una. .v.. -? i ', v.-k'. -:, -PuDllsned oy tne pupucauons Board of -the University of -North Carolina. uuapei mil, r. ; American Anthropological Associa tion has strongly disputed state ments that Negroes are biological ly and mentally inferior to the white race. The association's council has adopted a resolution reaffirming its belief in the inherent equality of the Negro and white races. The resolution stated: '-- , "The American Anthropological Association repudiates statements now appearing in the United States that Negroes are biologically and in innate mental ability inferior to whites, and reaffirms the fact that there is no scientifically establish ed evidence to justify the exclusion of any race from the rights guaran teed by the Constitution of the United States' " The resolution was adopted by a vote of 192 to 0. In other words, Dr. George: As a scientist 1. .. V well, you'd probabiy be a good truck-driver. . sseaaj 52j5 lite tiAsHtti&ToA JST At the conclusion of the Sunday (Jan. 14) DTH editorial column, Jim Clotfelter made a remarkably inter esting 'observation: ' "No objective journalist can be sure who is 'anti Communist,' who is 'Communist leaning,' or who is 'Communist.' " For the sake of logic and con sistency, if for no other, Clotfelter should read his own column in or der to prevent such obvious incon sistencies which result from an ap parently insincere desire to advise others. There is one uniting factor which repeatedly occurs in Clotfelter's exs poutations and that is the expres sion of resentment for journalistic or political opposition to Commun ism. He never suggests overtly that pro-Communists should be granted respect and admiration but he does imply that they should be given the consent of silence. He wrote a few days ago that J. Edgar Hoover, undoubtedly Ameri ca's best qualified critic on Com munism, only added to confusion to the Katanga-UN problem by oppos ing the province's falling into the control of the pro-Communists. The conflict here was resolved very simply by Clotfelter's own either-or alternative. Either Katanga must receive the stability and protection from a Communistic but united Con go or remain Independent and anti Communistic and go to the devil. Deciding which observation is more valid is certainly a difficult task in this instance. Ignoring his far-rang- ATTITUDES by Clotfelter 'Reflections,' Forum For Dissenters And Defenders, Has Superior Art, Layout The current issue of "Reflections from Chapel Hill" magazine is valu able for its excellent content and genuinely superior art work and lay out. But it is more valuable because of its existence, regardless of the quality of its material. . "Reflections" is a student-edited "magazine of art and thought which welcomes a variety of opinions." It claims to be "a rallying point for Southern liberals" and "a forum for dissenters and defenders." The editors have said they will print any well-written article or story no matter what opinion is expressed or what topic is covered. This editorial attitude that ANY intelligently-presented idea is worth being said and being printed is the magazine's greatest contribution to the Southern (and National) literary A Place FOR Prejudice t - ' From time to time, we continue to get irate notes from various read ers who complain that our editorial page is "biased." They don't exact ly phrase it that way. "You ought to reflect," says a recent missive, "the sentiments of your subscrib ers." It's a thought. But the sentiments of our subscribers are happily var ied. And if we tried to reflect their notions we'd need to write a dozen pieces on every subject, each up holding opposing points of view. The trouble is, our critics don't under stand the function of an editorial page. The page is "biased" or the page is nothing. This is the only place in the pa per we feel obligated to say what "we" think, as opposed to what Con gressman Bushwhack says f or ' the surface facts imply. This is the place in the paper you get an opinion you can endorse or quarrel with, enjoy or reject. It is not aimed at pleasing readers; it is designed to give the editor a forum in which he can state his views, as honestly as he is able, without conscious inhibition. Certainly it's "biased." if it isn't, it's worthless. We don't ask that you like it. We merely hope that you read. Asheville Citizen and journalistic scene. Too often a divergent thought has been suppressed because it is "pink" or "radical." "Reflections" hope fully has freed itself from this child ish inhibition. The articles and stories in the current issue carry out the above policy, with the unfortunate excep tion that no "rightist," "conserva tive," or even "middle-of-the-road" article appears. Apparently none was contributed, but the editors are nonetheless responsible for encour aging the expression of ALL ideas and attitudes, not just those of a "leftist" slant.) Lawrence Ferlinghetti, the fa mous San Francisco poet and author of "Her," leads Off this issue with "One Thousand Fearful Words ' for Fidel Castro," a sad, mocking little poem which is very effective and timely. My favorite line refers to the 'experts" who -"know the difference between Soviet Commun ism . . . and socialism with a small c " -' The next piece, "A Modest Pro posal for the Final Settlement of the American Question A Turgid Trea tise on How to Fix ' America But Good (Through Trenchant Truncat ing tactics)," is; a Swift dose of nonsense by James K. Layton. By the simplicity of his solution to the world's problems, he puts to shame all of the advocates of One Handy Solution to the Cold War and Other Diverse Problems. . Editor Bob Brown's 13-page edi torial is an intelligent, very personal attack upon the nature of the House Un-American Activities Commit tee. The editorial opens with sev eral pages of pondering as to how "Reflections" should fulfill its pur pose to present controversial views and simultaneously escape unjust criticism because the . views are printed. ' Brown "refuses to follow many other "liberals" who go on the defensive by saying something like, "Yes, I leve America and capi talism and democracy and mother hood, even though I am a liberal." The photography of the late Wil liam Rezek takes up several pages. This unique person was apparently fascinated by - sewerage - at ' all levels, and his interesting photo graphs reflect this fascination. ' Socialist - editor and economist Paul MV Sweezy wrote ' the next ar ticle, "The Struggle for Latin Ameri ca," a brief historical review of United States "economic coloniza tion" of its southern .neighbors. He is not an apologist for 'Fidel Castro, but: a vigorous defender. . pects of Fidelismo, but not its often unfortunate political results. The economist's opini6n of Castro is not mine, but it is one with which stu dents of the Cuban situation should be acquainted and should under stand. VVashington reporter Marvin Cap lan's."The Last White Family on the Block" is a lucid description of a while integration's feelings as he and his family become the "last white family . . . " The first. Negroes who move into the neighborhood are nice, think their white neighbors (according to Caplan), "yet each small disturb ance (which concerns the Negroes) is magnified in the wide eyes of fear .... Two gangs, one white and one Negro, get into a fight, and rumor runs through the neighbor hood like fire. That's what we fear. Negro turbulence. Where is it? Next door? It is seldom next door. But it's down the street, next to old Mrs. Grandy, who lives there all alone, poor soul ... OUR Negroes are dif ferent.' But who knows who will fol low them?" The dilemma of Caplan (who is president of Neighbors, Inc., a group seeking to retain the integrated na ture of their neighborhood) cannot be solved by reference to dogma and his article is therefore free from any hint of what people "should" do. Elizabeth Tornquist's "The Pover ty of Liberalism" is a call to arms to all liberals and potential liberals, to stop "flittering" their time a way with committees to reform spe cific evils (groups such as the NAA CP and anti-HUAC committees), and unite into a strong "new Left." Mrs. Tornquist presents a fair case for her ! proposal, but seems to totally disregard the historical precedents for the liberal's present chaotic con dition; The so-called Right has al most always been, better organized and more pragmatic in its political efforts than has the "Left." The magazine concludes with pic tures of the sculpture of UNC asso ciate professor Robert A. Howard, a short story, "No Chance" by Eliza beth Paris, who . has published in KENYON REVIEW and the GEOR GIA REVIEW; and five poems, sev eral of which have been praised in previous newspaper reviews. ' The a 1 m o s t-uniformly excellent quality of the material is equalled, if not surpassed, by the beautiful art work. This issue's cover by Kath erine Strong is equal to anything of which any American political liter ary magazine can boast. "The adver tisements are in perfect taste and a pleasure to look at, the lettering is also well-done. ! The current issue of "Reflections" is the third since the magazine was begun last June. It has grown con siderably since that time and the nature and quality of this issue testi fy to the importance of its continued success. JIM CLOTFELTER ing experience in dealing with com munist controversy, his unchalleng ed'' access to more pertinent facts concerning the matter and his au thority on the subject, we are ex pected to disregard Hoover's posi tion because he is definitely known to be anti-Communistic, and there fore could not make an objective observation valid perhaps, but nev er objective. Also, if we consider Clotfelter's position, it is absolutely essential that we ignore his experi ence, access to the facts, and au thority but compensation is made for these relatively minor aspects by the outstanding objectivity with which he presents the case. Speaking of objectivity, is it not true that you, Mr. Clotfelter, wrote the "news" report of the Harrington-Lewis debate on the film. "Ope ration Abolition" which appeared in the Oct. 25 issue of the DTII? If there were a Journalism Hall of Shame, this story would surely be a top contender in the Most Unob jective category. Not only is one party lauded in the news column and is given almost all attention, but the other party, the one against whom you have publically expressed antagonism, was ignored until he said something that would appear ridiculous out of context and with perhaps with slight paraphrasing. Does this measure up to your ideal standards of objectivity? It is true that objectivity is an es sential criterion i n contemporary journalism. It is also true that there is a present trend toward interpre tative writing. The journalist, to day, is expected to do more than collect and report the simple facts: he is now responsible to the public to probe further and report the significance and the implications of these facts, the result of which is a meaningful analysis as opposed to the traditional enumeration of de tails. With this bit of progress in the journalistic profession must come also added responsibility for objectivity and fair play. An examination of the purposes and responsibilities of the contem pory journalistic profession contra dicts the charge that "no objective journalist can be sure who is anti Communist .Communist-leaning, or p r o-Communist. Furthermore i t seems that the' opposite natures of capitalism arid communism would provide still another method of dis tinguishing between the two. CHARLES nEATIIERLY Mr. Heatherly: I never mentioned J. Edgar Hoover in my column on Katanga. The individual's name was Herbert Hoover. He was once President of the United States. -vJIM CLOTFELTER a I t I P M M i About Letters The Dally Tar Ueel Invite readers to us it for expres sions of opinion on current topics regardless of viewpoint. Letters mast be signed, con tain a verifiable address, and be free of libelous material. Brevity and legibility in crease the . chance cf publica tion. Lengtfey letters may be edited or omitted. Absolutely noae will be returned. JFK College Bill Headed For Damaging Revisions? 3 Sweezy discusses the economic as- President Kennedy's college edu cation bill probably will be the first major legislation to be debated this year. It is expected to pass but there is some danger of damaging revisions being made by Sen. Coop er (R-Ky) and others. The five-year program set up in the measure would include $1.5 bil lion ' in ' loans for classroom con struction, : $924 million for college student scholarships, and $250 mil lion ' in matching grants to help build public junior colleges. The bill authorizes 25,000 scholar ships to be awarded the first year; 37,500 the next; and 50,000 each for the next three years. - These could not exceed- $1,000 annually. The states would administer the program and a recipient could attend any col lege of his choice. - - - Universities would receive $350 as a "cost of education allowance" for each scholarship holder in" attendance. Democratic leaders appear to think the Senate; which passed the President's public school grant bill last year by 49-34, will also pass this bill. The House killed the ele mentary and high ' school bill last year, but it is expected to pass the higher education bill since it does not involve the divisive issue of aid for church schools. Last September the Senate Labor Committee approved the $2.67-billion college education bill by 12-2 with enly Barry Goldwater and John Tower (D-Tex) in opposition. Congressional floor - disputes are expected to concern both the class room loans and the scholarship pro visions.' "-''' : ' " v Sen. Cooper has said he likely would offer an amendment to change student scholarships to' student loans. In 1958 Cooper led the suc cessful "revision effort to c hang e "scholarships" to "loans" in the National Defense Education Act. U. S. college and university en rollment is growing faster than schools can accomodate the stu dents. It has become a near-cliche that universities need more class room and dormitory space but they do. It has been said often that many qualified students cannot at tend college for financial reasons and it is true. UNC is presently constructing a new language building. It needs more library space. Many depart ments are crowded into small alley ways in the older class buildings. In addition UNC receives many requests annually for scholarships and loans requests which cannot be filled for lack of funds. The Kennedy Administration bill, which is tentatively set for debate beginning next Monday, will help to alleviate these problems, both for universities and students. JIM CLOTFELTER 4
Daily Tar Heel (Chapel Hill, N.C.)
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Jan. 17, 1962, edition 1
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