Sjiecjal NSA Section W$t atlp Car geel 0 Congress Now democratic Most J In its sixty-ninth year of editorial freedom, unhampered by ) restrictions from either the administration or the student Ifody. U The Daily Tar Heel is the official student publication of i the "Publications Board of the University of North Carolina, II All editorials appearing in The Daily Tar Heel are the personal expressions of the editor, unless otherwise credited; they ,; are not necessarily representative of feeling on the staff. September 28, 1DG2 Tel. 912-2356 Vol. XLX, No. 8 No Government? A series of accidents, careless mistakes, lapses of memory, and general lack of knowledge has snow balled into a labyrinth of student government confusion over the sum mer school mess. Apparently no one in student gov ernment knew that the summer legislative board had to be approv ed by Student Legislature in the spring. Apparently no one in the Legis lature knew that they had to ap point honor council members for the summer and could not sluff off the responsibility to the president. Apparently no one thought too much about the consequences of having a summer attorney general who was not approved ... or hav ing a second session president who was not enrolled in school . . . The myriad of mishaps does not add up to an indictment of the principle summer school student government. Nor can the mistakes be tied to any individual or party. The moral of this fable is that "no one KNEW . . ." and " no one THOUGHT . . ." Sfc Sfc if! The mistakes were functional oversights, which point up both an inadequacy in existing legislation in these areas and individual blund ers which could never be prevented by legislation. The Inman Allen administration was pushed for time last spring to interview all persons interested in committees and .summer student government. Allen finally got his summer honor council appointments to the Legislature in the last w7eek ' before exams, but the Legislature refused to approve anyone but the chairmen because the president 'had not announced interviews for I the posts. j Vice-President Lawler gave the ; Legislature's tacit approval for Al lien to name the other council mem Ibers after holding interviews. ' . But its approval is not legally . binding and even if it was, it was given with the (mis-) understand ing that Allen's appointments would be approved by the summer legis lative board. Unfortunately for this "under standing", Allen did not realize that the legislative board had to be ap proved and never submitted any names for approval. Thus, the board whose approval might have been sufficient to legalize the summer councils, was not even vaguely legal itself. 1 n m h m 1 si i i JIM CLOTFELTER CHUCK WRYE Editors Bill Hobbs Associate Editor Wayne King Harry Lloyd Managing Editors Bill Waumett News Editor Ed Dupree Sports Editor Curry Kirkpatrick Asst. Spts. Ed. Chris Farran Matt Weisman Feature Editors Harry DeLung Night Editor Jim Wallace Photography Editor Mike Robinson Gary Blanchard Contributing Editors DAVE MORGAN Business Manager Gary Dalton Advertising Mgr. John Evans Circulation Mgr. Dave Wysong Subscription Mgr. Tem Daily Tax Ezxl Is published dally except Monday, examination periods and vacations. It Is entered as second class matter In the post office In Chapel Hill, N. C, pursuant with the act of March 8. 1870. Subscription rates i $4i0 per semester. $8 per year. - Thb Daily Tab Em, Is a subscriber to the United Press International and utilizes the services of the News Bu reau of the University of North Caro lina. Published by the Publications Board of the University of North Carolina. Chapel Hill. N.- C. 4 -5 i i , ? ti To increase the complexity of the situation, the approved summer at torney general never served, and no one from the first session legis lative board was on the . board sec ond session, and no one is really sure who served on the men's coun cil second session . . . Late this summer and since the fall session began, the story of stu dent government's predicament has unfolded. And the question has al ways come back, 'What do you do about it?' The men's and women's Honor Councils tried 35 cases, convicted 17 persons, three of whom were suspended from school suspended by invalid Honor Councils. If the Legislature retroactively approves the appointments of the summer council and legislative board members, then the 17 persons found guilty, probably will be told they may apply for appeal to the joint student-faculty review board. Those who were suspended probab ly will appeal their cases. Certainly we would hope the review board would grant their appeals. One problem arising from this muddle which doesn't seem to both er student government officers too much, is the matter of faculty con fidence in the Honor Councils. Already many faculty members feel that student councils are too lenient on students who are found guilty. Now these faculty members (particularly those who this sum mer brought charges against stu dents who were found "not guilty") will have a physical instance of il legality to substantiate their doubts about the councils' value. But it must be emphasized, to the faculty as well as the students, that the Honor Council's failing was technical and legalistic. From all reports the behavior of the councils was exceptionally just and mature. The Summer School Governing Board did very little governing, leg islating, or anything else which might now be called into question. The exception was its provision for an alternate member of the men's and women's summer councils. These alternates served on the court and voted in several cases. There was no sizable monetary ex pense by the legislative board. This unfortunate sequence of events points out the need for emer gency presidential powers, to ap point persons in certain situations who cannot be approved by the reg ular Legislature. It reemphasizes the absurdity of members of sum mer student government being ap pointed from the regular session student body interviews and ap pointments should take place in the summer, to draw from the entire student populations. Legislators should become more conscious of the legal framework within which they are working, and student body presidents should pay attention to the same laws. The entire summer student gov ernment should be made more fluid, with less rigidly-defined powers, to facilitate situations where appointed-approved individuals fail to come tc summer school, or lose interest in their position. But primarily, quite simply, these student "leaders", heralded so brightly as the shining leaders of tomorrow, should look a little more closer, get to know a little more, and think a little more and there might be fewer re-occurrences of such legalistic monstrosities. (JC). Nuclear Testing Biggest Issue - By HANK PATTERSON It would not have been difficult to evaluate the National Student Con gresses of 1959, I960, and 1961, for the procedings at each of these stu dent gatherings were dominated by one salient issue this was not the case at Ohio State University in August. Whereas the 1959 Congress recog nized the necessity of an expanding responsibility on the part of the American student, it did so only af ter twelve hours of debate over the issue of nuclear testing. It was in cumbant upon the 1960 Congress to determine the nature and extent of the American student's response to the sit-ins which had begun in Feb ruary of that year in Greensboro; Times Praises NSA From an editorial, "The Under graduate Grows Up": American college students have been frequently criticized for being politically apathetic. Whether this is true as a general characteristic of the more than 3,000,000 young men and women on our campuses re mains a matter of debate, but there is evidence that a growing number are taking a serious interest in is sues that affect them, and more important, are , attempting to do something about , them. The emergence of the United States National Student Association to a place o' importance in the na tional and even international educa tional community has been a con tributing factor to this heartening trend. Founded in 1947, this non partisan, non-sectarian organization now represents over 1,000,000 stu dents at 380 colleges and universities through the democratically elected campus governments. Among its current major activities are a pro ject designed to build student re sponsibility in campus affairs, which is supported by the Ford Foundation, and a project intended to create a deeper understanding of the com plexities of race relations ' among Southern student leaders, which is being financed by the Field Founda tion. For its thirteen-year record and for its efforts to widen its area of concern and responsibility, the Uni ted States National Student Associa tion deserves the commendation of all. - , The NEW YORK TIMES it did so after lengthy parliamentary debate and discussion which permit ted the entire meeting. The 1961 Congress followed a year of polemics on American campuses precipitated by the issuance of "Op eration Abolition" by the House Com mittee on Un-American Activities. The National Student Congress had considered the work and mandate of the HCUA in previous years, but ir was not until after many days of disputation at the University of Wis consin that it took a definitive stand for abolition of HCUA. The absence of a corresponding is sue this summer provided the Na tional Student Congress an oppor tunity to begin a re-evaluation of the policies and aims of the Association. Among the important actions of the. Congress were, changes in the Con stitution and Bylaws of the Associa tion. A clarification of the hereto fore implied relationship between member schools and the Association was effected by placing in explicit terms within the Constitution of the Association the Statement that mem bership does not necessarily imply agreement and a responsibility to participate actively in the policy-making processes of the National Stu dent Congress. In other structural changes, the printing and distribution of a minor ity report publication was authoriz ed. Also, changes in the Congress Rules now require discussion and a positive vote of referral on each piece of legislation not reached by the plenary before it can be consid ered by the National Executive Com mittee. Previously, the Congress Rules were strongely criticized for lack of these guarantees. The rules changes which were made at Ohio State University left the Association with by far the most democratic structure of any student group in the . world, and probably Strange The National Student Congress is scene of some pretty strange parli amentary shenanigans. Possibly the strangest' occurred in the Interna tional Affairs Committee one after noon. . . The committee had several items of important business to complete but the clock read 5:10 p.m. and the committee was supposed to ad journ at 5. : The parliamentarian for the com mittee moved that - the group "go on record that the clock in the back of the room is 20 minutes fast." The resolution passed. The chairman "interpreted" the motion to mean that it was 4:50. The meeting continued and the busi ness dispensed with. the most democratic of any organiz ed group of comparable size in the United States. Minority rights with in the. Association are now secured to the maximum extent. The position of the National Stu dent Congress on the important situ ations facing students here and abroad was not in most cases chang ed to any great degree, although resolutions concerned with the prob lems of students under repressive colonialist or totalitarian regimes were in some degree stronger, e.g. South and Southwest Africa, Berlin, and Africa under Portuguese dom ination, j A healthy tendency which mani fested itselJE to a greater extent than in past Congresses was the inclu sion of provisions in Association pro nouncements for the direct involve ment of American students, even if in a small way, in solving some of the problems facing students today. For instance, this new emphasis is clear in proposals for tutorial pro jects among th underprivileged chil dren and for book drives to assist the Algerian students in rebuilding the collections at the University of Algiers. A greater sophistication in dealing with manj' of the situations with which the Congress has been con cerned was apparent this summer. This may be seen in the resolution which considers the cold war and its effects upon higher education; it points up the subtle problems which the American educational system faces as a result of the cold war. The major issue at the 1962 Con gress was the resolution on nuclear testing. The resolution which finally passed the plenary by a vote of 215 for, 180 against, with 11 abstain tions, was debated on the plenary floor for almost four hours and in committee and sub-committee ses sions for an untold amount of time. The resolution takes an unequivocal stand condemning militarily and po litically oriented testing by all na tions because of the resultant radio active contamination and increased tensions; the resolution particularly condemns the Soviet Union for break ing the moratorium on testing in September of 1961. Because' of the heated debate on this issue at the Congress and among student groups here, in the United States, and in other nations, it is fair to assume that the nuclear test ing resolution will be under heated discussion "again at the 1963 Con gress. It was pleasing to observe that greater emphasis was placed on stu dent welfare measures at the Con gress than in past years. Negotia tions are in process for a nationwide insurance contract for student health and life insurance at a substantial saving for the individual student. There continues to be a high level of interest among students for co operative ventures; the Association will continue to work in this area. Reaction to the Assooations pro jects concerned with the aims of education were highly favorable. Fur ther work in this area and in the area of student values was encourag- "I Want To Report A Suicide" jp&gg& :zA$&f Lf fill, -X&2SH - - ed by the Congress bodies. (Mr. Patterson is former vice president of the UNC student body. He has attended the last three Na tional Student Congresses and is former chairman of the NSA Na tional Interim Committee. He gra duated this summer and is now working with the Student Internation al Responsibility Project of the NSA International Commission. (Seminars set up by this are designed to "assist in dev a real sense of social respor.si among the participants." ssid terson, and "would bring the A can student and foreign stuck share their ideas and broaden own perspectives, and would the American and foreign stink to a serious and meaningful iv! ship." JC). ETC,'. v. p. t!.- UNC Votes 4-2 Against Nuclear Testing Proposal Passed FACT: The 13th National Student Congress "supported the continuing nuclear test ban negotiations and all seriou efforts to realize an effective and definite agreement con cerning the cessation of nuclear bomb testing." The 14th National Student Congress urged that "the nuclear powers continue both at the negotiating table an,! in the laboratory their efforts to arrive at effective anr, oontrol measures and mutually satisfactory agreement. The goal should be general disarmament based on effective controls and inspection measures, so that no party can he gin or increase the production of nuclear arms without the full knowledge of the others." The 14th National Student Congress further recognized that complete and total cessation of the production of the means of warfare chemical, radiological, biological an 1 nuclear must be the goal of all negotiations on this .-nh-ject. The Soviet Union announced resumption of atomspherio nuclear testing on August 30, 1961, and initiated these tests on September 2, 1961, thus breaking a 34 month U. S. U.S.S.R. moratorium on testing. In March, 1962, the United States announced its intention to begin its current series of tests in April, and in late April started this series. On August 6, 1962, the Soviet Union started its second and current series of atmospheric tests. PRINCIPLE: Throughout history, war has been a major deterrent in the academic community to define and realize the goal of a free society; even its impending threat obstructs the university's right to retain an independent critical position toward society and forces it to be only a means for the implementation of military and political ends. For the past decade and a half the threat of a war employing nuclear weapons has produced unparalled world tensions. This threat of war has severely been aggravated by militarily and politically motivated nuclear testing. Thus students must assume the responsibility to ex amine and understand the origins of this threat and the issues causing its aggravation. But such understanding mu-t be accompanied by positive action to reduce the tensions of nuclear testing and eliminate the danger of nuclear de struction. DECLARATION: USNSA realizes that each of the nuclear powers is act ing on what it feels to be its national interests. USNSA condemns militarily and politically oriented tests of nuclear devices whether by the USSR, the United States, Great Britain, France, or, by any other nation currently develop ing nuclear devices or whether atmospheric, underwater, underground, or in outer space. USNSA feels the conse quent fear of radioactive contamination and the effect of such tests in accelerating the arms race, make more diffi cult the successful conclusion of any negotiations for the cessation of nuclear weapons testing and the provision of adequate international inspection and control. USNSA particularly condemns the resumption of nu clear testing by the Soviet Government in 1961 which broke the 34 month US-USSR moratorium in testing. USNSA supports the present efforts at Geneva by the US-USSR, and the UK to achieve agreements on testing but urges that all nations possessing nuclear weapons a!o participate in these talks. USNSA urges the present nu clear powers to make all efforts to prevent an expansion of the number of world powers which now possess nuclear arms so that the realization of a test ban and general dis armament will not become any more difficult. USNSA supports the right of students to express them selves on the question of testing and disarmament and hopes that students in all parts of the world will continue to make known their feelings. In particular USNSA notes the demonstrations of American students in Washington and across the country this last year, and the recent at tempt of Japanese students to. protest Soviet and US testing in Moscow, USNSA deplores the action of Soviet authorit ies in preventing such expression of student opinion and re affirms that such actions by . any government constitute a denial of essential student rights.