Newspapers / Daily Tar Heel (Chapel … / Oct. 14, 1962, edition 1 / Page 2
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Function Of A University . " f r - . . i. . . J le Peo ranK Fry i jae xraui rh La 6 F . . . Sharing In "In the fulfilment of her heritage of freedom and hope of brotherhood may America more and more be a land in which free people become brothers in the sight of God and in the human heart. Here the autonomy of the human spirit, the freedom of the mind, the liberty of inquiry, speech, publication, association, enterprise, work, and worship, together with a personal sense of moral and social responsibility, are essential to the dignity ot the free individual in whom are the security of the state, the welfare of the people and the progress of civilization. Here the best answer to the totalitarianism of the police state is not scrapping the Bill of Rights but keeping the faith of our historic Americanism. In this land the equal freedom of people to organize for self-development, coopera tion and creative participation in the agri cultural, industrial, commercial, politcal, professonal, cultural and religious life is now the moving frontier of our dynamic democracy. In the general life the daily toil of millions of men and women is above privilege and power, and the integrity of simple people is beyond price. May this America be a land where the home, as the sanctuary of love, nurture and faith, is the source and measure of civilization, and the schools, libraries and playgrounds of the people are the chief hope of the equal opportunity of all the children in all the states to develop to the highest their individual capacities for a unified and useful lfe. In the cities, the Need For Wisdom In The New South (From Need for both Wisdom and Good Faith" Virginia Quarterly Review', Spring, 1955) . . on the 1954 desegregation decision resistance to fulfillment by evasions or stratagens of attrition not only would be damaging to the moral basis of our in dividual respect for law but would also constitute heavy blows against the moral (power of free peoples in the struggle against both Facist and Communist dicta torship. To fulfillment of the decision both in good faith and with wisdom becomes Jor ourselves and the world no less im portant than the decision itself . . . Southerners like myself, who have been opposed to compulsory Congressional ac tion not in line with the then existing constitutional law of the land in the Sou thern states, and who worked for accepting successive judicial decisions and for chang ing the historic customs of the people in' one third of the states of the Union trough the more basic influences of re ligion and education in the minds and hearts of the people, must now persistent ly work through the churches and the local communities for the implementation of the newly re-interpreted law of the and in the Southern states . . . Confronted with the growing demand of millions of advancing people for the re moval of the stigma of inferiority, the constitutional guarantee of the equal pro tection of the laws in the states, the lag of equalization in many communities in many states, and the onrush of totalitarian tyranny across the earth with false prom ises of well-being in the subversion of basic human liberties and denial of spirit ual values, the Supreme Court made its unanimous decision. Yet the fresh hopes of submerged millions are not fulfilled nor jthe old ideas, fears and customs end suddenly with the sweep of judicial edicts or the compulsions of federal power. Se gregation may die on the pages of the decision of the Supreme Court and yet live in the minds and hearts of men. The increasing spiritual power of more real religion, the unfolding of the deeper mean ing of democracy, the findings of scientific and social research, the recent policies of labor unions, the opening of sports to fill races, the growing, sense of the moral siamage of the spiritual exclusion both ,to the privileged and the disinherited, the currents of histroy, and the trends of an age are all working mightily to remove fears and develop a human spirit for the sincere and intelligent implementa tion of the decision of the Court. CIVIL WAR (From "The Meaning of the Civil War" Va. Quarterly Review Winter, 1962) "The commemoration of the hundred th anniversary of the Civil War has made vivid again to the people of the South and the North the glories, the tragedies, and the hopes variously associated in their memories with that fateful struggle. In the nostalgia for the glory, associated in the North with a victorious cause and in the South with a lost cause, the tragedies and hopes also associated with the strug gle should not be (forgotten. In our re Liberty- Faith, Hope O f An towns and the country may the multplica tion and acceleration of mechanical con tacts of civilization increasingly mean the enjoyment of leisure and recreation, the widening of information and sympathies, and the deepening of the cultural and spiritual content of the lives of the people. The commonwealth not only means the common responsibilities for the conserva tion and development of the natural re sources and cultural heritage for this gen eration and the generations to come, but also more and more means the common opportunities of the people for free infor mation, sound knowledge, equal suffrage, fair employment, decent standards of life and labor, social security against the hazards of modern society, good health and medical care within reach of the peo ple, and lawful agitation to broaden the base of the general welfare and lift the level of human liberty "in the pursuit of happiness" in America and the world. In this land of liberty, for which our fathers died, and for which we would live, work and give our all. may America be come a country in which the highest and the lowest and all the people equally to gether have the freedom to struggle for the higher freedom of truth, goodness and beauty; where democracy is without vul garity, excellence is without arrogance, the answer to error is not terror and the response to a difference in color, race, religion, ideas, economic condition or social status is not discrimination, exploi tation or intimidaton. membrance of these tragedies and hopes we would not gainsay the glory which "the red badge of courage" and the suffer ings of millions of people have deepened hi the familial and historical memories of the American people most personal in the lives of the vJhite and colored people of the South. "Glimpses of; the glory, the tragedy, and the hopes have fresh meaning for us today. The transcendant meaning for all lis that it is wiser to better without war and desolation what has to be done after war and desolation . . . "In our centennial commemoration of the heroic men and events of another century , it aso fitting that we in the South jn remembering the Robert E. Lee of the Civil War years should also remember the spirit and example of Lee in seeking interracial bitterness and recrimination of Reconstruction times, Lee modestly rais ed his hat to a venerable Negro in return of his courteous dignity as a fellow human being. When some members of his churdh were hesitating to go to the com munion rail with a Negro, Lee stepped forward in his simple but majectic dignity and knelt in humility and reverence be side his fellow communicant in the church of his fathers and in the house of their God, the acknowledged Father of all the ' sons of God as brothers of all men . . . CREATIVE LEADERSHIP (From Va. Quarterly Review 1962) Most needed now is for the Southern people not to find themselves continuous ly and tragically isolated in their struggle apart from or against the mainstream of the modern world but to recover their great creative leadership in the nation and the world. Jefferson should be living at this hour! Virginia and the South have need of fdm to retranslate and interpret the authentic ideas of his universal declara tion of human rights in the longer per spective of history across thousands of years and in the wider perspective of the present world." SOUTHERN VISION (From the Va. Quarterly Review, 1955) "In the free minds and loyal hearts of millions of Southern people of both races will live and grow the unfulfilled teach ings of our religion, the struggles fo free dom for a higher freedom, and the faith of the American dream with a message fof hope and brotherhood in this age of suspicion and fear. 'From the rebirth of freedom and the resurgence of the high loyalties of the Negro people, and from the rising sense of the intellectual and spiritual communion of all people, can come a more abundant production and the nobler creations of the mind and spirit in a new Southern Re naissance. This great adventure in creative cooperation of the different peoples will tend to preserve their racial identities and diversities to the enrichment of the South, release an dunite their highest energies in the upbuilding of America, and compose their interracial tensions in working to gether in equal freedom and opportunity in local communities and in world neighborhood." American Here is humility of repentance for our own wrongs, freedom of indignation against injustice and evil in places high or low, and courage in action for human decency and fair play. Our democracy is made fairer and stronger by the robust struggles of freedom, and life is made richer by the vigor and variety of the differences of the people. Where and when men are free, the way of progress is not . subversion, the respect for the past is not reaction, and the hope of the future is not revolution; where the majority is without tyranny, the minority without fear and all people have hope of building together a nobler America in a freer and fairer world. These toiling and hopeful people, as pioneers along the free frontiers of the vast wilderness of our yet unmastered inter national society, seek to prevent both the destruction of human freedom and the self-destruction of civilization and to share their generous strength for peace on earth and good will among men. In a dynamic world, in which a depression or a war anywhere involves human beings every where, the people of the American dream against the lags of the conceptions of the absolute state, the superior race and the master class, patiently struggle in the atomic afe through the United Nations, through regional re-enforcements of col lective security, through economic coopera tion and technical assistance programs, to end all wars and all depressions and to provide the basis for the self-determination and equal opportunity of all people. On the fresh continents of abundant re sources, fronting east and west on the two great oceans between the Old World and the New, the people of America are the grateful heirs of all the ages, races, regions, cultures, and hopes of mankind. With all their faults, frustrations and aspirations these people of this youthful nation would rise to the responsibility of their power and the opportunity for their greatness to help give fresh hopes to stricken peoples for food and freedom and to help organize justice under law and peace among nations. (Armistice Day Address: Kenan Stadi um November 11, 1931) - "The colleges and universities, by vir tue of their humane purpose and the very nature of their social being have the responsibility of helping to build a world in which the call to the idealism and heroism of youth shall never again be a call to war. It is their function to make realistically intelligent and morally heroic the aspirations and work of mankind to ward a securer and fairer world, vivid with the unfolding possibilities of coopera- On "Master (Graham Speaks in "The American Forum of the Air," January 11, 1944.) There is no magic formula for the con quest of prejudices. The three main ways to overcome group animosities are by (1) education, (2) equality of opportunity, and (3) a spiritual sense of the sacredness of the human personality. By education we come to understand the origins of racial, religious, and social prejudice, and, through that understanding, gradually overcome personal prejudices and group animosities. Group prejudices are deep in the psychological inheritance of thou sands of years in the development of what anthropologists call sonsciousness of our kind of human being as opposed to their kind of human being with all the attendant fears of the strange and different, and with all the consequent antipathies toward differences in color, race, religion, culture, and customs. Racial and religious animosities cannot be isolated in time or place. They are as complex as human psychology, older than history, and as wide as the world. History recalls the antipathies and discrimina tions in the relations of Jews and Gentile, Greek and Barbarian, Roman and Provin A Tribute This is Frank Graham's page. Today is his 76th birthday. For the years he spent in Chapel Hill he has come to mean more than any other man to the students and faculty of the University of North Carolina. On this page are some of the words, the words which expressed the feelings and thoughts for which he is respected. . Editors The Daily Tar Heel ' r vr 5 f J j Frank Porter Graham 6 As In Life, tive work and play, valorous with the adventures of physical and social mastery, and beautiful with the artistry of the human spirit . . . "Above campus activities, curriculum and content, above intellectual power it self, is the spirit of culture, the integrat ed view, the understanding mind that sees in deep perspective and in wide relation. There is no magic in the liberal arts course to make the liberal mind .... The teach er's opportunity comes in the opportuni ty to help the student develop not only Racialism 5? cial, Christian and Jew, Catholic and Prot estant, White, Red, Black and Yellor peo ples fearing and too often hating each other because different in color and race, religion and region. Yet modern science and education reveal that differences in achievement and opportunity, rather than on difference in race, color, or shape of the head. CHAPEL HILL "Here in Chapel Hill among a friendly folk, this old University stands on a hill set in the midst of beautiful forests un der cathedral skies that give their color and their charm to the life of youth gathered here. Traditions grow here with the ivy on the buildings and the moss on the ancient oaks. Friendships form here for the human pilgrimage. There is music in the air of the place. Above the traffic of the hour church spires reach toward the life of the spirit. Into this life with its ideals and failures, frustrations and hopes, comes youth, with his body, his mind, and his spirit. Great teachers on this hill keep the first burning, fires that burn for him and that light up the heavens of our commonwealth. Chapel Hill and the Uni versity, culture and the commonwealth, research and society, would muster here with great scholars, library, and laborator ies for the poorest youth the intellectual and spiritual resources of the Tace and make the University of North Carolina a stronghold of learning and an outpost of light and liberty along all the frontiers f mankind." - x jr. V i i ii V if .-.-:.-: o In CoHeae' mental discipline, mastery of content, and intellectual excellence, but also an at titude of mind, an intelligent response to heroic situations and an appreciative assimilation into the core of his own character the nobility in the lives of those whom he meets in books and in life. The liberal education would give both depth and breadth to the mind and would embrace in its deepening processes of in tegration the spiritual yalues of human personality. "As in life so in college, subjects, ideas, and processes cannot be kept in separate departments. We should in college, if for no other reason than convenience, have departments of subjects, but not com partments of knowledge . . . . . The college's conception of the unity of learning, the unity of life and the unity 'of the universe makes for a sense of the spiritual essence of civilization, even in its gathered fragments transmitted more and more from age to age with the pos sibility of being transformed into the king dom of God according to the pattern of Him who was the master teacher of the inner way of the integrated life. "A college is so dynamic in its life that no occasion, however local or international, is outside the range of its radiation. The campus and the world interact upon each other with generative dynamic, it is spirit ually organic with the life streams of the culture of the ages and the present hopes pf the people ... A modem university js such a vital and manifold institution, has been so integrated in the structure of western civilization . . , is so intimately a part of the context of every real prob lem of the modern world, that any life strand found at hand anywhere running through the life 6f the world enters into the texture of the modern university . . "It is the function of the State Uni versity not only to find its bits of truth and teach the truth gathered from schol ars everywhere, but to carry the truth ito the people that they may take it into their lives and help to make it prevail in the world of affairs . . . The state uni versity comes from the people and should go out to the people. The intellectual life of the University should be quickened by contact and interchange with the people. They have a common destiny in the ad venture of building a nobler common wealth ..." ACADEMIC FREEDOM . . . t "Without freedom there can be no uni versity. Freedom in a university runs a various course and has a wide meaning. "One World" Begins At Home f M ' i s V f ' (Speech in the Senate of the United States July 20, 1949) . . . America and the other democracies, however, for the long run, must rely more on the ideas of freedom and the practices of democracy than on economic and military power. The freedom and dignity of the human being, democratic ideals and moral idealism are the ulti mate weapons in the global struggle again st totalitarian tyranny . . . Human society, with an tomic bomb in its bosom, cannot lag in adjustment to its explosive power. Equal freedom of assembly, speech, publi cation, and worship in our modern society needs the reinforcement of the equal op portunity to work, to know, to vote, and to bargain collectively. Increase of econo mic opportunity decreases social tensions. The widening of enlightenment and the humane spirit, the inclulcation of the ideals of our democracy, and the teachings of our religion, make for the elimination of social injustice and international conflict ... .... Idealism does not cringe before tyranny. Repressions is the way of a fright ened power. Freedom is the way of en lightened faith. History teaches, beyond the denial of bigotry or the sneer of cyni cism, that the answer to a difference in color is not the Ku Klux Klan, is not tomatoes and eggs, is not a concentration camp; the answer to error is not terror, but the cleansing power of the light and liberty of the Bill of Rights and the Con stitution of the United States of America. "The one world truly begins at home, but without a federated world we may have no home in which to begin. With the lag of the idea of the absolute national state in the atomic age, we may have no world in which to struggle or even to live. With regard to the other dangerous lags we have the freedom to struggle lor freedom and hope for a better day. The atomic bomb in the hands of an absolute state is the greatest threat which can come to man. The organization of the idea, under God, of the oneness of freedom and the oneness of the human family in the United Nations, is best defense and hope against modern civilization's power of self destruction ... It means the freedom of students with their growing sense of responsibility and student citizenship to govern themselves jn campus affairs, and the right oi law ful assembly and free discussions by stu dents of any issues and view what.-oevi" ON CONSOLIDATION The coordination and consolidation of our three state institutions of higher learn ing, the cooperation of the State College and the Woman's College with the col Jpge in their neighborhoods and the coop eration of the University at Chapel Hill twith its next door neighbor, Duke Uni versity, and in gerfcral, the cooperation pf the Consolidated University with all the schools, colleges, institutions, depart ments, agencies, and enterprises of the people, will make possible the develop pent in North Carolina of one of the greatest intellectual and spiritual centers pf the world. Cooperation, no abdication, is the ad vancing position of the Coasolidated Uni versity of North Carolina. To this we give our hands and summon the people to her side for the great American ad venture in creative cooperation. We take our stand with youth as, in the midst; of a shattered world, they look beyond the wreckage of the hour and dream the commonwealth that ii to come. ON LNC (To the Ciass of 1943 Commencemer.t) "Whether you came to Chapel Hill with the advantages of the greatest city or from the remotest mountain cove, we tru-t that it will always remain for you a homo and community which gives deeper mean ing to the old home of your family an 1 neighborhood and nobler meaning to th new world of your dreams. While strug gling to make fairer and more deter.: jhe neighborhood, state, section, and na tion, you will also widen your neighbor hood beyond the horizons of America t include all the peoples of the earth, re ,gardless of race, color, nationality, re ligion, faith, or economic creed, bev r. J the poison of hate or the damage of u: n the world neighborhood of human iherhood ... ". . . In deep remembrance we mibu-r here this morning for our University ar.i all the precious things of the human spin: for which she stands, the spiritual worth pf every human presonality, a human-1 ,and liberal learning, the freedom of ' rnind and the future of freedom In t..o vorld.
Daily Tar Heel (Chapel Hill, N.C.)
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Oct. 14, 1962, edition 1
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