North Carolina Newspapers

7& istlp Wat In its seventieth year of editorial freedom, unhampered by restrictions from either the University administration or the stu dent body. All editorials appearing in the DAILY TAR HEEL are the indivdual opinions of the Editors, unless otherwise credited; they do not necessarily represent the opinions of the staff. The edi tors are responsible for all material printed in the DAILY TAR HEEL. October CO, 19G2 Tel. 942-2336 Vol. XLX, No. 34 Honor System: Is It Yours? Most student Legislators appar ently have agreed that honor coun cil trials open to two Daily Tar Heel reporters, will be an improvement over the present situation. At to night's special session they will de cide the more controversial question of which trials should be opened and which ones left closed, and how this is to be done. A legislative committee last week amended the "open" trials bill to allow any defendant (for any reas on at all, or no reason) the power to have his trial closed. The origin al bill had provided that a three man board, including the honor council chairman, should decide if the student had just cause for wanting a closed trial. To justify this modification, the magical words "rights of the indi vidual" have been used again and again. Supporters of "open" trials have been accused of "trying to take away the rights of the individ ual." This view proceeds from an apparent conviction that the honor ."system was instituted to protect the rights of individual defendants. But, obviously, if the rights of the de fendant were the primary aim of the system, there would be no sys tem at all. The primary goal of the system is to afford protection for the stu dent body against cheating by in dividual students (and the resultant unfair academic advantage). At the same time, the system's purpose is to instill a sense of honor into the students as a whole, not just into the few students who have cheated. The honor system is the property and potential protector of the stu dent body, not of a small minority. Supporters of "open" trials (which are open only to two report ers bound on their honor not to re port names of defendants or any identifying facts) think it is the best way to insure the widest pos sible understanding of and respect for the honor system by the largest possible number of the student body. One of the most popular argu ments against acceptance of "open" trials in the original form was the line that the Tar Heel is "trying to take over the honor system" which brings into focus that old im age of the Tar Heel working in league with the devil to ruin the pa tient work of God's children (the honor councils.) Many student "leaders" have rallied around this viewpoint and have glibly predicted the manner in which the newspaper will distort all open honor council trials, will cover only the trials it wants to, will use names, will sensationalize, will do this or do that. . . . Rubbish. Anyone who is interested may inspect the back files of the Tar Heel to see how past "open" trials have been handled. Reporters will abide by any constitutionally-valid restrictions put on them. No one ever bothered to contact the Tar Heel about these facts be cause they are immaterial. Imma terial for those "leaders" who have already made up their minds against "open" trials, and are at tempting to paint a dark, conspira torial image of all supporters of public information through "open" trials. Supporters of the premise that the .student body has a right to know how its honor councils are acting, are not politicians. The de fenders of the closed trial status quo and those who support the halfway measure of "open" trials unless defendants want them clos ed are politicians. So they will probably win. And things will stay just like they are now. You, the .student, have an honor system about which you are allow ed to know very little and general ly hear about only by rumor. You have an honor system which is built upon public acceptance and perform ance, and yet, the public has no idea of what are the standards and what is expected of them. You, the student, elect members of the honor councils every year, and have no idea of how they per form their duties. This is supposed to be your honor system, but is it ? An honor system must be built upon trust in the public, and those who oppose "open" trials have no trust in the public. (JC) Other Foreign News Letters r r t t Attention, Candidates In order to insure equitable rep resentation for all candidates on the pages of the Daily Tar Heel, the editors have set up the follow ing policies for handling all future JIM CLOTFELTER CHUCK WRYE Editors Bill Ilobbs Associate Editor Wayne King Harry Lloyd Managing Editors Art Pearce Dow Sheppard News Editors Ed Dupree Sports Editor Cnrry Kirkpatrick - Asst. Spts. Ed. Matt Weisman Feature Editor Harry DeLung Night Editor Jim Wallace Photography Editor Mike Robinson Gary Blanchard Contributing Editors DAVE MORGAN Business Manager Gary Dal ton Advertising Mgr. John Evans Circulation Mgr. Dave Wysong Subscription Mgr. Tn Daily Taji Em 1 published dally accept Monday, examination period and vacations. It Is entered as second class matter in the post office in Chapel Hill. N. C, pursuant with the act cf March 8. 1870. Subscription rates i $M per semester, $8 per year. Thm Daily Tab Era. is a subscriber to the United Press International and utilizes the services of the News Bu reau of the University of North Caro- Ulpubushed by the Publications Board 9f the University of North Carolina, Chapel Bill. N. C. fall-campaign statements: Candidates for office of president of the freshman, sophomore, and junior classes will be given space for statements of not more than 300 words, for publication on Thursday and Saturday. Therefore, because of deadlines, the statements must be in the DTH office no later than 3 p.m. on Wednesday and Friday. Candidates for other class offices may make one statement 200 words in length to be printed on Friday, which must be in to the DTH by Wednesday at 6 p.m. This space may be used by the Student .or University parties, if the candi dates so desire. Independent candidate for offices will be given equal space, and are subject to the same deadlines. The SP and UP will be allowed space for two statements each, each of which may not be over 300 words in length, for the Thursday and Saturday issues. They must be in the DTH office by 3 p.m. on Wed nesday and Friday. Candidates are asked to contain their statements to these lengths and dates. Candidates' statements will run on page one and other news pages, leaving the editorial page free for debates by other interested students. The Editors. v UNC Author Of R ace Report Long-S landing Segregationist (Eds' Note: The following arti cle on UNC Professor W. C. George's report on race to the state of Alabama is taken from the ATLANTA JOURNAL. The au thor, Fred Powledge, is a UNC graduate and former editor of the DAILY TAR HEEL.) By FRED POWLEDGE Dr. W. C. George, the retired anat omy professor who recently present ed a $3,000 report on race to the state of Alabama, has been presenting the same line of reasoning to the public for more than a decade. Dr. George, a 74-year-old retired member of the University of North Carolina medical school faculty, last week delivered the report to the governor-elect of Alabama, George Wal lace. The essence of the report was that Negroes are inferior to white people. The state, through Gov. John Pat terson paid $3,000 from its emergency fund for the report, which has taken Dr. George about two years to com plete. Exactly how the report will be used has not been announced. FOR MANY YEARS Dr. George has been an active segregationist. In the mid-1950s, when he was con ducting research in the UNC medical school, he organized the Patriots of North Carolina, Inc., an anti-integration group which counted among its aims: ". . . To promote the value of maintaining the existing social struc ture in North Carolina in which two distinct races heretofore have lived as separate groups. . . ." It was about that time that Dr. George's theories about racial in feriority reached headline propor tions. He was quoted in several na tionally circulated publications as saying that Negroes were unques tionably biologically inferior to whites. Many of the points he raised then are made again in his report to the State of Alabama, according to wire service accounts of the recent report. One wire services gave these as Dr. George's basic points in the Alabama report : Integration is not Christian be cause it is evil. Individuals are not born with equal biological endowments. Negroes are about 200,000 years behind whites in developing brain structures associated with higher mentality. One of the brain's tissues, assoc iated with higher functions, is thin ner in the average Negro than it is in the average white. Tests show only 10 to 20 per cent of Negroes examined exceed the white intelligence median. In the same tests, six times as many Negroes as whites fell below an intelligent quotient of 70. Six times as many whites as Ne groes fell in the gifted child category. When social and economic fact ors are equalized, significent differ ences in favor of whites do not dis appear. 'Intermarriage leads to deterior ation of races. IN AN UNDATED report by Dr. George several years ago, entitled "The Race Problem from the Stand point, of One Who is Concerned about the Evils of Miscegenation," the doc tor makes many similar points. He said: The "so-called Christian policy of equality is based on falsehood. The "conception that all men are born equal biologically" is a "falla- R oad, Americans Road To Dorms Like Le Mans To the Editors: At the risk of being mowed down gangster-style in retaliation, I would like to relate a little incident to you. I am a resident of Avery. Having learned in plane geometry that a straight line is the shortest distance between two points, I find it con venient to walk to and from campus on the nameless road that leads from South Raleigh Road to Avery. On Thursday afternoon I was walking blissfully to campus along this road facing traffic (as I was taught all good pedestrians should) when I was approached by a white Corvette with Virginia license plates winding out on the hairpin curves. The driver suddenly realized that the road did not belong to him, because another car was approaching from the op posite direction. In order to miss this car, "Mr. Daytona" swerved so close to me that he almost ruined the shine on my right shoe. I am sure that the driver of the bomb was considering everyone's good when he decided that if necessary it would be better to hit me than to cause a head-on collision, but I am 100 altruistic. It would be a shame, after spending three years in the Army and getting out alive, to be wiped off the map while peacefully pursu ing an education. I'll be glad to tell this demon my sentiments in person, but I'm not going to go out of my way to find him. In the meantime, I would like to appeal to all guilty drivers on that little road to slow down to at least 20 MPH. If their cars are too powerful to go that slow, here's an alternate suggestion. Let's fence off the road, name it the Tar heel Speedway, and build a four-Ian? sidewalk for the poor people of Ehringhaus, Craig, Avery, Parker, and Teague who have to risk their life to get to class. Tom Glymph. Jr. Americans Must Be Brave Always During this time of crisis we Am ericans must decide what road we want to choose for our future. Most of us have chosen the path that if worse must come to worse, let it come now. Yet few of us really know what is or how bad is the worse. We know there will be great damage, de struction, and suffering if there is a war. Nevertheless, isn't it better to be red than dead? A dead man can do nothing, a live man can. How foolish we would be if we stuck to that apology There are Am ericans who do believe it is better to be red than dead. Een Franklin sums up the essence of being an Am erican in his quote, "They that can give up essential liberty to obtain a little temporary safety, deserve nei ther liberty nor safety." This is the fundamental idea of an American. Other countries have other ideals and concepts, but this saying of Frank lin is what we Americans should stand for in good times and in crises. For "the humblest citizen of all the land when clad in the armor of a righteous cause, is stronger than all the hosts of error." Either we Amer icans must be like this citizen, or we should not ever concern ourselves with Cuba, Berlin, Laos, or the world by surrendering ourselves to Russia. It is better to be brave than slave, tfor freedom is what makes tomorrow V.orth waiting for. Raymond Burwell cy." The "historical inferiority of the Negro" is "well known." Average Negro brain-weight is lower than that of whites. Tests showed Negro Army draft ees fell below whites in military tests and in intelligence examinations. Experiments with animals show ed that some basic characteristics were not influenced by environment, but by heredity. The Negro is not "genetically ac ceptable," especially as a potential partner in marriage with a white. THE EARLIER REPORT, accord ing to one UNC professor who has followed Dr. George's career with in terest, was issued in the late 1940s. Dr. George's conclusion was that, while the Negro should be treated with courtesy, consideration and gen erosity," he should never be allowed to enter the white social sphere. Several other academic people have issued statements since then, rejecting Dr. George's theories. In 1955, a University of North Car olina anthropologist, Dr. John Gillin, said "science has proved no such thing" as racial inferiority. Last week, an Emory University professor, Dr. Charles C. Perkins Jr., said about the same thing. Two national anthropological orga nizations have condemned the theory that Negroes are biologically infer ior. The American Anthropological Association last year passed -a reso lution saying, "All races possess the abilities needed to participate fully ii the democratic way of life and in modern technological civilization." The American Association of Phy sical Anthropologists, in a resolution adopted this year, said it deplored "the misuse of science to advocate racism." THE ONE AND ONLY REAL TRUTH By BENEDICT BURR HAVANA (DTH) Immediately af ter Kennedy's first speech on Cuba, nine DTH reporters, including my self, left for Havana. After depart ing by boat from Hogan's Lake, we got to Fort Lauderdale yesterday morning. There we rented a Hertz Volkswagen and drove to Havana. Like all ships (?) entering the har bor, we were stopped and searched. But since nothing was found except four cases of Bud, an extra pair of W'eejuns, and some molotov cock tails left over from Ole Miss, we were allowed to pass. Not wanting to waste any time, we promptly began looking for Fi del. We found him playing a pin ball machine in the employees' lounge of a nationalized fertilizer factory. Castro was at first enraged at the sight of we capitalists, but when he found out that we were from the Daily Tar Heel, he embraced us fondly. So fondly, in fact, that one of the co-editors suffered beard abrasions and several vermin bites. Expressing surprising disconcern about the events taking place around his island, Fidel chatted with us as he deftly picked off escaping workers with an M-l rifle left over from Batista's days. "JFK isn't really serious about this," he observed. "As I explain ed in my last 87 hour television mes sage to The People, it's only a po litical move for the fall elections one of-the weakenesses of the capitalist-democratic system." Fidel seemed to be getting reck less with his shooting, so we de cided to see, some more of the isl and. Two reporters were killed by stray bullets as we bade him suhio and headed for the hills. High in the mountains cast ot Havana, we observed that magnifi cent scenery and marveled at the clever cardboard models of nuclear missile bases. Below us in the valley, soldiers at Guantanamo were busily looking through tele scopes; also marveling. Returning to town, we passed a cheerful group of communal labor ers who were painting "Miami"' on a vessel they had constructed. Paus ing for a moment to talk with them, we found that they were building the boat for Castro, who had told them that "Miami" was his moth er's maiden name. Not wishing to disillusion them, we moved on without mentioning a city in southern Florida. But, we did recognize our chance for a big story. Investigation in the Havana slums revealed, among other things, that a Cuban invasion is planned for Florida next week. It will be term ed a "preventative" move, since Castro is alarmed about the arms build-up in the States, and wants to crush it before it endangers the entire hemisphere. Since Miami will obviously be the next scene of battle, we plan to disburse to the Fountainbleau, where we will remain at DTI I ex penses until Castro invades. JFK & Ole Miss: Moral Disaster Into Moral Triumph By STEPHANIE GERIUS In The Village Voice UNITED NATIONS: The interna tional repercussions of Mississippi's madness may turn out to be a class ic in the annals of political paradox. An entire state ran amok, the formadable military and judicial machinery of one of the most pow erful nations in history had to be marshalled to restore law and order, two men were killed, one of them a foreign national all over the uni versity admission of one American citizen of African descent and what is the result? The United States is made the subject of more praise and plaudits by the nations of black Af rica than it has been over almost any other issue in recent years. In the general debate in the United Na tions General Assembly and in the U. N.'s Special Political Committee, African and Asian delegates rose to commend this country. "The African by nature is a very reasonable man," explained the head of one African delegation, considered by his colleagues, including those from his own continent, as one of the most unreasonable of men. But even this diplomatic storm center was a model of calm and sweet reason on the subject of Mississippi Conservative Society 'W7e know racism exists in the United States. We know it is based in history, human psychology, and social norms. We know that man in society is conservative and prejudic ed and that, like a child, he wants things his own way," he patiently pointed out to this somewhat less patient American liberal. "As long as the Administration is doing some thing to solve this difficult problem, it is not in our nature to embarrass them," said the man who just three days before had embarrassed the en tire United Nations by precipitating an unexpected political showdown. Whole Machinery The key, of course, to his attitude and that of the other Africans was contained in his observation one that was to be heard again and again from the representatives of the black nations that "the whole machinery of state was set in motion for the rights of One African, and that re quires courage, and conviction. A less courageous man than Kennedy might have found another way. If he had fallen short of his responsi bilities, the reaction would have been different." It is terribly important to the Af ricans, who share their continent with the officially racist Union of South Africa, that while segregation exists in this country, it is not the official policy of the United States govern ment, and that, indeed, it is a prac tice that the government has moved against with the full force of arms. South Africa From the rostrum of the U. N. General Assembly, the Ambassador from Upper Volta, Frederic Guirma, declared: "I would like to tell (the rep resentative of South Africa) the dif ference between the United States, for instance, and South Africa. In deed, in the United States segregation exists, and in some parts of the coun try it is even terrible. But what is important is that the Government of the United States did not make an institution of this. It does not praise this policy. On the contrary, it ener getically fights it. For one small Negro to go to school, it threatens governors and judges with prison. It sends policemen to arrest a former General who does not understand anything about the worth of the hum an being. It sends troops to occupy the University of Mississippi in ord er to protect a Negro and to disperse a mob of hysterical demonstrators. "President Kennedy is a great President, conscious and respectful of human dignity and worthy of be ing among the leaders of the free world." An in the Special Political Com mittee debate on apartheid in the Union of South Africa: Francois Ngyese, Director of The Congo's (Leopoldville) Ministry of Foreign Affairs, registered his dele gation's appreciation for the "ener getic intervention" in Mississippi of the President of the United States. An Example Dr. Abdul Hakim Tabibi of the Afghanistan delegation cited "the courageous stand of the United States in Mississippi" as an example for South Africa. Mohammad Ali Massoud Ansori, Iran's Ambassador to Yugoslavia, also admonished South Africa to fol low the example of the United States. In private conversation, n Afri can delegate of the younger, proud er, more impatient generation, de spite his bitter admission that "un til I came to this country I never realized that I was different from anybody else," joined in the chorus of praise for Kennedy. And a high-ranking North African delegate who complainei of the tm barassment caused him by discrim ination right here in New York "When I invite black) African dele gates out I can take them only to Greenwich Village or Harlem" rather than deploring the riots in Mississippi, applauded the actioa of the Administration. In short, President Kennedy turned a moral disaster into a moral tri umph for himself and the country. The first effects of the good will built up by his action in Mississippi may be felt in the response of the United Nations to his action on Cuba. i 4