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In its seventieth year of editorial freedom, unhampered by
restrictions from eitlier the University administration or the stu
dent body.
All editorials appearing in the DAILY TAR HEEL are the j
individual opinions of the Editors, unless otherwise credited; they ;
do not necessarily represent the opinions of the staff. The edi- i,;
tors are responsible for all material printed in the DAILY TAR
HEEL. I
April 10, 19G
Tel. 9-12-233C
Vol. LXX, No. 137
One Last Volley:
The University's Needs
Some students have complained
this year that the Tar Heel edi
torials were too radical, or too
negative, or too violent, or too
much "griping-." There is a touch
of truth in all these complaints.
We feel there are some things
wrong wrong with the Univers
ity, wrong with athletics, wrong
with student government. We be
lieve these things cannot be righted
by refusing to recognize their
existence the arguments against
them must be said and repeated
and repeated, until the wrongs are
no more.
After a year of radical, negative,
violent editorials, we are still grip
ing. Student government still has
failed to assume the responsibili
ties for governing the students,
rather than itself, and for provid
ing leadership for legitimate , stu
dent goals. Eut there are signs of
improvement, particularly within
the student judiciary, where intelli
gent, progressive leadership has
harvested an Honor Code more re
spected and a Campus Code more
realistic.
The administration still, by and
large, seems to complicate and
make difficult the affairs of both
faculty and " students,, which could
be better off it left alone. The apart
ment rule . controversy which pro
ceeded from ; the attempt by the
dean of women to impose her de
sires over the unusually united
wishes of the women's honor coun
cil, WRC and women students, is
a shamefully frivolous argument
not worth the congesting efforts of
South Building.
The students still are saddled
with the outmoded three R's, rules,
regulations and restrictions. Wom
en's hours, the apartment rule, and
the Campus Code are remnants of
the past and deserve to be re
vised or scrapped altogether.
The athletic program is in a bad
way. Either UNC must stop playing
'big-time" teams, such as Michi
gan State and Ohio State, or we
must become a full-fledged sports
factory and enter the class of Bear
Bryant and Paul Dietzel.
The University is in a squeeze,
between tight-fisted legislators and
the urgent demands of increasing
enrollment and a greater need for
greater knowledge. As with all
state universities, the battle pits
administrators vs. administrators
in a frantic ring-around-the-Univer-sity,
often asking for money for
imaginary needs and ignoring the
fundamental educational crises,
running around and around, until
they all turn to butter. And the
problems grow bigger and more in
soluble, and those with most at
stake the faculty and the stu
dents are listened to the least.
These and the other 1,000
things that make us angry and im
patient are part and parcel of
the age, but no less urgent for that
reason. The problems are a facet
of the overall struggle for control
between administrators and the ad
ministrated, which unhappily, the
organization-wise administrators
probably will win. (JC)
Responsibility Of Freedom
For the benefit of the new edi
tors of the Daily Tar Heel, and for
those luckless souls who in future
years will hold the position, let us
state: the editorship is unlike any
thing else going on this campus. It
is a harrowing experience guaran
teed to add wrinkles to your face,
reduce your life expectancy and
lower your Q.P. average.
Yet every year someone wants
the job. Why?
The editorship has to do with
power and responsibility; with the
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CfjelBatlp Earned j
JIM CLOTFELTER
CHUCK WRYE
Editors
Chris Farran News Editor
Wayne King Harry Lloyd
Managing Ediiors
Harry DeLung Night Editor
Ed Dupree Sports Editor
Jim Wallace Photog. Editor
Mickey Black well
Gary Blanchard
Contributing Editors
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DAVE MORGAN
Business Manager
Gary Dalton Advertising Mgr.
John Evans Circulation Mgr.
Dave Wysong
Subscription Mgr.
THE DAILY TAR HEEL is published
daily except Monday, examination per
iods, and vacations. It is entered as
second class matter in the post office in
Chapel Hill, N. C. pursuant with the
act of March 8, 1870.
Subscription rates: $4.50 per semester;
$8 per year.
THE DAILY TAR HEEL is a sub
scriber to the United Press Interna
tional and utilizes the services ef the
News BuTeau of the University of
North Carolina.
THE DAILY TAR HEEL Is published
by the Publications Board of the Uni
versity of North Carolina at Chapel
Hill, Chapel Hill. N. C.
pursuit of learning and with the
rites of stupidity, both individual
and organizational . . . the editor
comes into contact with parts of
the campus no one else sees, and
he sees the campus as no one sees
it with all its delights and mys
teries, all its high-minded' souls
and all its nuts, all the organizers
and the organized.
There is something strangely
perverse about the method by
which an editor is elected. A per
son campaigns is elected by the
popular will but elected to what ?
The only institutionally-unpopular
position on campus. There seems,
then, an almost sadistic fervor with
which people campaign for and elect
an editor so they can spend the
next year taunting him upon his
editorial throne, pushing and pull
ing him, laughing at him, calling
him names . . . But this is all part
cf the game every editor knows
his name will become a swear word
in every living unit on campus. No
matter, he is still editor of the
Paily Tar Heel.
What makes the editorship
unique is a little more than this
. . . It is more than the power you
temporarily wield, the freedom you
boldly exercise, or the newspaper
produced by the power, the free
dom and your effort. It is that in
dividual responsibility, which
springs from the individual free
dom granted the editor.
The responsibility of freedom
this is the seventy-year-old heri
tage of the Daily Tar Heel. (JC)
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MUHAMMAD'S DURHAM TEMPLE Care
fully guarded by a cadre of young followers of
Muslim Prophet Elizah Muhammad, Durham's
Black Muslim Temple lies in the heart of the
city's Negro district on E. Pettigrew Street. Al
though the Durham Movement has not had spec
tacular success, its continued existence may
eventually prove a bar to integration. One of the
Muslim's tenets urges followers npt to "try to
force their way into places where (they) are npt
wanted."
SAMUEL X Dedicated and firmly convinced of the Tightness
of Elizah Muhammad's curious mixture of mysticism and race
hatred, this young Negro has forsaken his "slave name" to assume
the "X" designation of the follower of the Lost-Found Nation of
Islam. Sworn to secrecy and non-contact with the white world,
Samue) X seeks a new community composed entirely of his own
race.
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Ten days ago in a dimly-lighted
Protestant Negro church on ths
outskirts of Durham, an expensive
lyrdressed, . articulate figure in his
early fifties walked to the make
shift pulpit and began his talk.
Immediately he was flanked by
two muscular, darkly dressed young
Negroes who periodically barked ap
proval as the speaker denounced
Christianity as a contrivance of the
white man and passionately urged
his listeners to embrace Allah as
the only true God of the black man.
'"The white man has murdered us
at will, stripped us of our wealth
and kept us- ignorant of the truth.
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THE STAR AND CRESCENT
Symbols of Elizah Muhammad's
version of the Moslem faith grace
the temple windqw and appear on
the Black Muslim flag. Members
also wear a ring bearing the in
signia. But novy it is known and Allah will
deliver us from the world of the
dead."
The speaker was Isaiah Karriem,
known to his followers as Isaiah X,
delivering the standard recruiting
speech of the LostFound Nation of
Islam in North America, popularly
known as the Black Muslims.
The appearance of the widely
known Baltimore Black Muslim
minister in Durham signaled what
appears to be an accelerated re
cruiting campaign in that city. Lat
er this month, his remarks will be
underscored by those of the sleek
and dynamic Malcolm X, who is
second only to prophet Elizah Mu
hammud himself in the hierarchy of
the rapidly expanding Black nation
alist movement.
For more than a year now, the
Durham Mosque of Islam has vied
with the NAACP and other racial
protest groups, as well as Christian
churches, for the allegiance of the
city's nearly 30,000 Negroes. Dur
ing that period the temple has at
tracted some 125 converts, accord
ing to an informant.
Squashed tightly into the row of
squalid store! ronts and cafes that
comprise the main street of Dur
ban's Negro section, the Black
Muslim Mosque conducts services
three times weekly.
Minister for the Durham temple
is a young former Baltimore resi
dent named Kenneth Murray. Mur
ray, probably served as a protege
of Isaiah Karriem, minister of the
Baltimore temple and a figure close
to the top of the movement.
Directly subordinate to Murray
in the Durham Temple is a cadre
of mentally and physically condi
tioned followers who make up a
group called the Fruit of Islam
(FOI) a close-knit, secretive elite
whose duties include protection, se
curity and discipline.
The Durham temple appears to
have six or .seven membeis, ia its
FOI "section." Although Elizah
Muhammad's teaching urges re-,
straint from violence unless attack
ed, any follower is expected to "lay
down his life, if necessary, for the
Black Nation."
Members of the FOI are asked to
remain in top physical condition.
The extent " to which the Durham
chapter adheres to , Muhammad's
policy of training the . FOI in the
use of weapons and judo, is a well
kept secret. - -
FOI members are chiefly respon
sible for keeping the veil of secrecy
tightly drawn about the temple. No"
whites are. allowed to" enter and are
usually turned away politely but
firmly with the information that,
as this reporter was told, "the tem
ple meetings are for those of dark
skin only.''
Among the: Durham FOI is a tall,
muscular youth of about 25 who
calls himself Samuel X. The ex
change of: the last name for a
variant of "X" symbolizes both bro
therhood and renunciation of the
name given to the Negro by his
slave master.
Aloof and wary, Samuel X met
questions about the temple and its
leader, Kenneth X, with polite si
lence or evasion. He repeatedly re
ported the temple leader was "out
of town," "unavailable" or "im
possible to reach," although on at
least one occasion he was nearby.
Murray originally negotiated the
rental of ithe present temple build
ing. The owner of the building, a
rental of the present temple build
ham, said he rented the build'ng to
Murray without being aware of the
nature of the organization's aim
and only knew it "was some fcind
of church." He said he rented the
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BLACK GHETTO AREAS Throughout the
United States,- the Black Muslim movement
finds most of its support in areas where econom
ic deprivation and racial discrimination joins
Negroes in a psychological as well as a practical
bond. Elizah Muhammad teaches his followers
to seek good housing before luxuries. Tliriftiiess,
moderation education i these practical consid
erations are basic to Black Muslim teaching.
But even more basic is the belief that the
Negroe's plight is solely the fault of the white
man.
building, without a written lease,
on a week-to-week basis. He report-
ed last week that he had experienc
ed some difficulty in collecting the
$15 per week rental and that, the
temple was now four weeks behind
in payments.
The building, along with others in
the same area, is slated to be razed
sometime in the near future to make
way for an Urban Renewal project.
Some of Durham's Negro leader
ship attempted to stifle the estab
lishment of a temple there by re
fusing to rent to the group.
A few blocks up the street from
the Musjim Temple is the office of
the Carolina Times, a crusading Ne
gro newspaper edited by Louis Aus
tin, a former president of the N. C.
NAACP. Austin, whose paper has
been instrumental in effecting race
reforms in the city, said that "most
of the responsible Negrc leader
ship in Durham opposes the sep
aratist views of the Muslims." Aus
tin himself refuses to carry ac
counts of temple operations in the
hope that "it will wither away from
lack of public attention.
Durham NAACP membership cur
rently numbers somewhat over 1,000
out of a Negro population of close
to 30,000. According to Austin, the
Muslims draw most of their sup
port from what he called "the low
er class element."
"They get the bitter ones, most cf
them young; the ones that4 feel
they're beaten before they start.
The majority of Negroes who are
old enough to remember the times
when things were so much worse
than they are now can see "the
progress that's been made not
that it's been made fast enough to
suit any of us but it has been
made on a formula of inxgration
of the races, not separation."
Austin said the .Muslims have had
surprising success in rehabilitating
some Negroes who otherwise were
headed for trouble. 'They get them
off the streets, help them find jobs
and give them some self respect.
Many of them have never had that
before."
In their extensive recruiting ef
forts in Durham the Muslims play
heavily on accounts of maltreatment
by whites. Potential members are
reminded in graphic detail of po-
- nected with the movement financial
ly. At public meetings featuring ap
pearances by Temple speakers,
whites are particularly singled out
and plied for contributions "a par.
tial payment for the years of free
slave labor."
Durham attorney Floyd McKissick,
the first Negro to attend the Univer
sity of North Carolina after success
fully fighting his own court battle
for entrance, feels the Muslim move
ment poses a threat to Negro oro
gress: "An organization which has racial
separation as its basis can do a lot
of harm to what has already been
accomplished."
McKissick, who acts himself as
legal counsel for the Durham Mus
lims as well as for the NAACP and
CORE, will meet Malcolm X in a
debate when the Muslim minister
lice brutality, lynchings and mob puts in an appearance this month.
riots. They are told the first hum
ans were black men infinitely superior
to the whites in intelligence, physi
cal beauty and morality.
"But the white man tricked us
into servitude and bondage," Isaiah
X explained in his recent recruiting
speech, "and now the Almighty
Allah is ready to restore us ,o our
rightful place."
The Muslims teach that the Chris
tian Bible, although useful if "prop
erly interpreted" is chiefly an in-
McKissick said he feels the Mus
lim movement will continue to grow
unless whites "make a more con
scienious effort to meet the rea
sonable demands of more peaceful
Negro protest groups."
Durham law enforcement officials
are not altogether pleased with the
existence of the Muslin group in the
city. Investigations have been con
ducted, but no basis for arrests
found.
Other sources disclosed that the
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the black from his true eligion,
Islam. New that it is being return
ed to him by Elizah Muhamm3d,
the 'dead world" of the white man
will pass away.
Strict separation of the black man
from the white "devil" is a neces
sary first step, according to Isaiah.
Economics play a dominant role in
Muslim thinking and Durham fol
lowers are taught to obtain and hold
a steady job, giving up gambling,
smoking, drinking, overeating or
other indulgences. Pork is particu
larly taboo, and "was introduced by
the white man to keep the black
man constantly ill," according to
Kenneth.
Muslims are urged to buy only
from other Negroes, whenever pos
sible from some enterprise operated
by the temple. A small car wash
and income tax service near the
Muslin temple appears to be con-
run routine checks on the organiza
tion. The Durham Muslims, like most
racist cults, feeds off the bitter
ness bred by social and economic
underprivilege. The temple is lo
cated in one of the worst slum areas
in the state. Huddled around the
Negro business district there are
clusters of substandard frame dwel
lings, many of them already slated
for slum clearance. Rents in the
district average from $10 to $11 per
week.
Although the Muslim movement in
Durham is not flourishing in com
parison to those in other American
cities with large Negro populations,
some believe it is only a matter of
time before the crash program of
recruiting, which takes the Muslims
into churches, pool rooms, and even
jails, will begin to bring startling
results.
MUSLIM MEMBERS are urged to get a steady
job and spend their money among themselves.
This car wash, station, although the Muslims
do not consider it a temple enterprise, affords
employment for their membership and may be
financially affiliated with the movement.
Photo by Wayng King
Text by Wayne King
Photos by Jim Wallace